IMiltonia orchid isitshalo esihle esinezimbali ezinkulu, ezivulekile. Ngokwesimo sabo, i-miltonia ibizwa ngokuthi i-pansy orchid. Uhlobo lwezitshalo lingelomndeni omkhulu we-Orchidaceae. Ungahlangana nobuhle ezihlahleni ezisehlathini elishisayo lesikhungo kanye naseningizimu yeBrazil. IMiltonia iheha abalimi abaningi ngobuhle bayo, kodwa idinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela nokunakekelwa okukhethekile. Kulesi simo kuphela lapho ungafinyelela khona ukuqhakaza okugcwele nokugqamile.
Incazelo yezitshalo
IMiltonia iyi-herbaceous perennial. Kuyi-epiphyte, okungukuthi, ihlala endaweni yokubumbana yamagxolo ezihlahla ezinkulu futhi idla ngokuthamba kwayo. Izimpande zeMiltonia zakhiwe kahle futhi zitholakala endaweni ethile yomhlabathi. Badinga ukukhanya nokuxhumana nomoya.
Phansi kwe-miltonia kukhona ama-pseudobulbs. Zinombala o-oval noma omile futhi zinobude obungu-7-8 cm. Lezi zingxenye zesitshalo zenzelwe ukugcina umswakama. Ngaphezulu kwama-pseudobulbs, amaqabunga aqine, abunjiwe njengebhande aluhlaza okotshani. Ubude bawo buyi-35-40 cm, angabekwa khona ngokuqondile noma kancane agobeke emuva.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza (ngoJulayi-Okthoba), isiqu eside sezimbali eziqhakazayo siqhakaza kusuka kuma-axils amaqabunga. Iphatha izimbali ezinkulu ezingama-6-8. Ububanzi bomsipha onenkanyezi noma oyindilinga ufinyelela ku-9- 10 cm. Amacembe apendwe ngombala omhlophe, onsomi noma owetropini. Zingaba banzi, zibanzi noma zibe lanceolate. Izindebe zivame ukuba nobukhulu obukhulu futhi ziqhathanise ngombala. Izimbali zihlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele (amasonto ama-4-6), kodwa kufanelekile ukusika isiqu sezimbali - futhi ukuqhakaza ngokushesha kuphele.
Izinhlobo zeMiltonia
IMiltonia inezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 nohlobo lwe-intraspecific. Kukhona futhi cishe ama-40 we-interspecific nzalo we-miltonia. Cabanga ngezinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu ze-miltonia.
IMiltonia imhlophe qhwa. Izitshalo ziyaqhakaza ngoSepthemba. Kwi-peduncle ende, kufika izimbali ezinkulu ezifika ku-5 ububanzi obungu-8-9 cm.Izinhlobonhlobo zathola igama lazo ngezindebe ezimhlophe zeqhwa, elizungezwe yizindawo ezimnyama ezigqwala imibala. Yonke imbali ifana nenkanyezi esesimweni.
UMiltonia Klousa. I-inflorescence iqukethe izimbali ezinkulu ezingama-8-10 zombala wehlosi. Ezibondeni eziphuzi yimivimbo emnyama emnyama. Enkabeni kukhona izindebe ezimhlophe ezinesisekelo sebhulowu.
I-Miltoniopsis. I-Hybrid miltonia ene-phalaenopsis. I-Miltonia iqhakaza engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo ngezimbali ezifanayo ngesimo kuma-pansies. Kwisendlalelo esimhlophe, izindebe zingobomvu namabala aphuzi angenakubukeka.
UMiltonia Renelli. Phakathi kwamaqabunga acwebile acwebezelayo, kukhula isigaxa esiminyene esinezimbali ezingama-3-5 ezimhlophe qhwa. Izindebe ezipinki eziphaphathekile zinomngcele omhlophe futhi zimbozwe ngemivimbo onsomi.
I-Mitassia. Isitshalo sinezimbali ezinkulu ezinhle kakhulu ze-lilac nombala onsomi. Ukuqhakaza kuqala ekwindla. Ukulungiselela okuqukethwe okupholile.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ukusakazwa kwe-miltonia kwenziwa ngendlela yokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, isitshalo esidlulile kufanele sihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana. Kokwahlukaniswa ngakunye, ama-pseudobulbs ama-3-5 kufanele asale. Amaphuzu asikiweyo aphathwa ngamalahle ochotshoziwe futhi omiswe amahora amaningi emoyeni. Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-miltonia ingatshalwa ezimbizeni ezincane ezisobala enomhlabathi wezitshalo zabantu abadala.
Ngemuva kokwahlukana, i-orchid idinga ukuthambisa ngokucophelela. Okwesikhashana, lesi sitshalo siyeka ukukhula. Izihlahla ezinkulu, ezinenqwaba yama-bulbs, zikhula kangcono futhi ziqhakaze ngokwedlulele, ngakho-ke ukwahlukaniswa akufanele kwenziwe kaningi.
Ungayifaka kanjani i-orchid
IMiltonia ayitshalwa njalo, kwanele ukukwenza lokhu kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3. Isikhathi esihle sale nqubo ukuqala kwentwasahlobo. Uma izimpande ze-miltonia zikhule kangangokuba zingangeni ebhodweni, ungathatha isitsha esikhudlwana noma uhlukanise ihlathi libe izingxenye eziningana.
Imbiza idinga ukuthathwa esobala, ipulasitiki, enezimbobo ezinkulu zokudonsa amanzi. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, inhlabathi endala ihlanzwa ngokuphelele kusuka ezimpandeni futhi ifakwe emanzini. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokubola kwezimpande kanye nokuqina kwenhlabathi acidization. Inhlabathi ye-miltonia yakhiwa yilezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- izimpande ze-fern ezichotshoziwe;
- sphagnum moss;
- umhlaba wefudu;
- ishidi lomhlaba;
- izingcezu zamalahle.
Musa ukujula ama-pseudobulbs kakhulu, ingxenye ye-rhizome kufanele ibekwe phezu kwenhlabathi.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
Ukunakekela i-miltonia ekhaya kudinga umzamo othile. Le ukuphela kwendlela yokufeza izimbali ezinde futhi ziningi. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukukhethwa kwendawo efanelekile ye-orchid.
Isibani UMiltonia uthanda ukukhanya okukhona. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kuholela ekushisweni nasekubonakaleni kwamabala amabi kumahlamvu. I-penumbra encane ivunyelwe. Ngokukhethwa okulungile kokuqina nobude bokukhanya, amaqabunga athola umbala okhanyayo opinki.
Ukushisa Ukushisa komoya okuphezulu kungo + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Ehlobo, kuyadingeka ukufudumeza igumbi kaningi ukuze imbali ingashisi. Ekushiseni okukhulu, amaqabunga e-orchid aba mancane futhi anciphe, ukukhula kuncipha. Lapho ukhipha umoya, kubalulekile ukuvikela i-miltonia kokusalungiswa. Ebusika, ungangehlisa izinga lokushisa lomoya liye ku + 15 ° C.
Umswakama. Umswakama omkhulu we-miltonia ngu-70%. Ekamelweni elomile, amathiphu amaqabunga aqala ukoma. Imvamisa akufiseleki ukufafaza amahlamvu, kungcono ukubeka iziqukathi ngamanzi noma amatshe amatshe aseduze. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kufanele usule amaqabunga othulini ngendwangu emanzi.
Ukunisela. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo nezimbali, i-miltonia idinga ukuthambisa okuningi. Izinhlamvu ezibhaliwe zikhombisa ukuntuleka komswakama. Njengamanye ama-orchid, kungcono ukuyinisela ngokufaka ebhodweni imizuzu engu-10-15 kubheseni olunamanzi. Ungasebenzisa futhi isishisi esishisayo (+ 45 ° C). Amanzi amaningi kufanele akhishwe masinyane esikhwameni. Ngemuva kokugeza, amaqabunga asulwa asomile.
Umanyolo Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufakwa kabili ngenyanga kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kwezimbali. Udinga ukusebenzisa izingoma ezikhethekile zama-orchid. Ingxenye yomanyolo ithululelwa emhlabathini, enye ingxenye ifafazwe ngamahlamvu.
Isikhathi sokuphumula. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, ama-bulbs amasha aqala ukukhula ngo-miltonia. Lapho zilingana ngosayizi ezindala, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukunisela nokuhambisa imbiza endaweni epholile (+ 15 ... + 17 ° C). Kulesi simo, lesi sitshalo sinezinyanga eziyi-1.5-2, siyaphumula futhi sithola amandla okuqhakaza okusha.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
IMiltonia ingahle itheleleke ezifweni zokukhunta. Ngokuthambisa ngokweqile kanye nokuqina, kanye nokuqongelela kwamanzi kuma-axils amaqabunga, ukubola kungakhula. Isibonakaliso sayo sokuqala singamaqabunga aphuzi. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi ushintshe umbuso wokunisela, ususe izingxenye ezilimele zesitshalo futhi wenze ukwelashwa kokubulala isikhunta.
Izikhathi ezithile, izibungu zesicabucabu, ama-aphid nezinambuzane ezikalini zihlala kumapheshana. Izisombululo zezibulala-zinambuzane zisiza ukuqeda izinambuzane. Icubungula kufanele iphindwe kabili ngesikhawu sezinsuku ezingama-5-7.
