I-Snowdrop noma i-galanthus ingeyomndeni wakwa-Amaryllis. Yize lesi sitshalo esingandile sibhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu, akunzima kangako ukusikhulisa kusiza sakho. Ngokushesha, imbali isakazekela endaweni enkulu. Izakhamizi zasehlathini ezinkulu ziyobujabulela ubuhle bendalo evukayo nephunga elimnandi. Bavele kungazelele ngamaqembu amancane emigodini. Okokuqala, amahlumela aluhlaza aqhakaza iqhwa neqhwa, bese amakhanda amancane wezimbali aqhakaza.
Ama-snowdrops angaba khona hhayi kuphela emigwaqweni, kodwa futhi nasemabhodweni aselangeni. Futhi izimbali ezincane zizoba emqashweni isikhathi eside, zikhumbula ukufika kwentwasahlobo.
Incazelo yeBotanical
IGalanthus iyisihlahla esincane esinamandla kakhulu. Sisatshalaliswa eCentral and Southern Europe, endaweni ephakathi neRussia, eCaucasus nase-Asia Minor. I-bulb iyakhuphuka mpo ngokuqondile, ububanzi bayo bungamasentimitha angama-2-3. Njengoba ikhula ngaphansi kwesikali sangaphandle, kwakhiwa izingane (amabhuleki endodakazi amancane).
Isitshalo sinesikhathi esifushane sokukhula. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho ilanga liqala ukufudumala ngokwengeziwe futhi iqhwa lincibilika, amaqabunga eqhwa ayaphaphama akhulule amaqabunga okuqala. Kuya ngesimo sezulu, lokhu kungenzeka kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMeyi. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali okufushane, amahlumela ayafa bese kuthi phakathi kwehlobo anyamalale ngokuphelele.
Intamo enobuhlalu ebanzi iqukethe amaqabunga ama-llongolate angama-2-3 angamabala aluhlaza. Ubude bamaqabunga buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-25 cm. Ngasikhathi sinye namaqabunga, kuvela i-peduncle eyodwa. Uphatha insimbi eyodwa elengayo yombala onsomi. ICorolla inezintambo ezintathu eziphothiwe, ezi-oval bracts nezintambo ezintathu ezimise okwama-wedge, ezimfishane. Izimbali zikhipha iphunga elimnandi kodwa elimnandi.
Ngemuva kokuvota, ibhokisi lembewu elinodonga oluxineneyo luvuthwa endaweni yehlumela. Ama-partitions angaphakathi ahlukanise izingxenye ezintathu. Ziqukethe imbewu emincane emnyama eminingana.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo
Ngokusho ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene, ku-genus galanthus, kunezinhlobo eziyi-12-25. Ukuhluka okunjalo kubangelwa ukuthi ezinye izitshalo ziyefana kakhulu komunye nomunye futhi izazi zezitshalo zithi kungenzeka ukuthi zizinikeze ngokwahlukana kwazo noma ezinye ezibhalisiwe. Masihlale phezu kwezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu nezitshaliwe.
I-Snowdrop Caucasian. Lesi sitshalo sisatshalaliswa emahlathini asezintabeni eTranscaucasia. I-bulb ephuzi ifinyelela kubude obungu-4 cm nobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-2. Amacembe aluhlaza okotshaniwe amnyama aphakanyiswe ngentambo ekhuphuka ngentambo ngaphezulu kwawo. Lesi sitshalo sinobude obungamasentimitha ayi-18. Isitebhisi esingama-6 cm aphezulu siphethe insimbi emhlophe qhwa. Amabhuluki angaphandle wesimo se-obovate agobile kancane, ubude bawo bube ngamasentimitha ayi-2. Ngaphakathi kukhona amacembe abunjwe ngendlela yomugqa, angamamitha ubude. Kuma-petals, ngaphezulu kwendawo yokuphumula, ibala eliluhlaza liyabonakala. Iqhakaza ngoMashi.
Isithwathwa-mhlophe qhwa. Le nhlobo iyona evame kakhulu eRussia ukulinyelwa. Ikhula ngentshiseko futhi ihlala ezindaweni eziseduze nayo. Maphakathi no-Mashi, amaqabunga ama-2 acishe abe nombala oluhlaza okotshani okhula emhlabathini. Izinsimbi ezinamakha zinama-petals amhlophe andlulisiwe. Eduze ne pharynx, indawo ephuzi itholakala kwi-perianth. Izimbali zihlala njalo ngo-Ephreli. Lolu hlobo lwaluba yisisekelo sezinhlobo eziningi ze-hybrid:
- UFlora Peno - izinhlobonhlobo zezitayela ezinamaphara angaphakathi aluhlaza;
- I-Lutescens isitshalo esidabukisayo esinamaqabunga amancane ansundu;
- ILady Elphinstone - izinhlobonhlobo zetry ezinamabala aphuzi kuma-petals angaphakathi;
- I-Arnot - amabhulashi amhlophe amade afihla imbali emfushane enamabala aluhlaza;
- I-Viridicitis - blooms ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari ngezimbali ezinkulu, kukhona amabala aluhlaza emaphethelweni awo wonke amacembe.
Isithwathwa seqhwa sibanzi. Lesi sitshalo sitholakala ezigodini zezintaba ze-alpine futhi sisebenza kakhulu ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Phezu kwe-anyanisi enkulu engu-4-5 cm, kukhona amaqabunga aluhlaza aluhlaza. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ubude bawo buba ngu-16 cm, bese kamuva bufika ku-20-25 cm. Insimbi emhlophe itholakala kwi-peduncle engu-15-20 cm ubude. Amacembe we-oval yangaphandle afihla i-ovoid emfushane. Indawo ebonakalayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyabonakala engenasimilo. Akukho ukuphumula emaphondweni. Izimbali zenzeka ngoMeyi-Juni ezinsukwini ezingama-20. Akukho kuthela izithelo, kusakazeka ngokusakazayo.
Abantu bayathandwa futhi amakhethini eqhwa aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kodwa-ke, lesi sitshalo esingesilo uhlobo lweGalanthus. Imvamisa, ngaleli gama basho abamhlophe abavela emndenini wakwa-Asparagus. Ziyafana ngesakhiwo sangaphandle nasekuqhakaza kwezimbali zakuqala, noma kunjalo, azihlobene nezithwathwa zeqhwa.
Izindlela zokuzala
Indlela elula kunazo zonke yokwandisa ama-snowdrops ukwahlukanisa ama-bulbs amasha. Unyaka nonyaka, kwenziwa ama-bulbs ama-1-3 kwesinye isitshalo somama. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-3-5, lapho ikhethini likhula ngokwanele, lingahlukaniswa. Ngo-Agasti-Septhemba, ngemuva kokuba amahlamvu eseomile ngokuphelele, ama-snowdrops angatshalwa kabusha. Isihlahla sihlukaniswe ngokucophelela izandla, sizama ukungalimazi i-rhizome elincanyana. Amabhule atshalwe ekujuleni kwama-6-8 cm ngawodwana noma ngamaqembu amancane.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu kubhekwa njengento eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, noma ikuvumela ukuthi uthole izitshalo eziningi ngasikhathi sinye. Kuyadingeka ukuvumela imbewu ivuthwe ngokuphelele. Izilimo zikhiqizwa ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuvunwa, njengoba zishesha ukulahlekelwa ukuqhuma kwazo. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emhlabathini ovulekile kuze kufike ekujuleni kuka-1-2 cm. Izithombo ziyaqhakaza eminyakeni engama-3-4. Indawo kufanele ikhethwe njenge-shady, ezolile.
Izici Zokunakekela
Indawo. Ama-miniature eqhwa akhula kalula futhi awadingi ukugcinwa ngokucophelela. Kodwa-ke, zifuna kakhulu indawo nokwakheka kwenhlabathi. Kufanele atshalwe ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Indawo kufanele ibe nesithunzi impela ehlobo, kodwa kuhle ukufudumala elangeni ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukutshala okuhle ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezinde eziqinile njenge-walnut, i-cherry, i-chestnut nezinye.
Ukushisa Isitshalo sivame ukubekezelela noma iqhwa elinzima futhi asidingi indawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe. Ehlobo, ukweqisa ngokweqile kungaholela ekufeni kwama bulbs. Ukuze uthole lokhu, uzodinga isithunzi esihlahleni.
Inhlabathi kufanele kube okunempilo futhi okunomswakama, kepha ngaphandle kokuqina kwamanzi. Izitho ezisetshenziswayo ezisheshayo ngokufakwa komquba noma i-humus kufanelekile. Isihlabathi kumele sengezwe emhlabathini wobumba.
Ukunisela amaqhwa eqhwa adingeka kuphela ngesomiso esinzima. Imvamisa banamanzi anele kusuka eqhweni elincibilikile nezimvula zasentwasahlobo.
Umanyolo. Ngesikhathi sokukhula nezimbali, kufanelekile ukuzondla njalo ngenyanga. Ama-phosphate ne-potassium complexes akhethiwe. Ukusuka ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen, amahlamvu akhula ngokuqinile, okuvame ukuthinteka ezifweni zokukhunta.
Izifo nezinambuzane. Ngokudonswa kwamanzi njalo emhlabathini, ama-snowdrops ahlushwa yizifo zokukhunta (ukugqwala, i-powdery hlobo, i-chlorosis). Ukuvikela izitshalo ezingandile, udinga ukukhetha ukwakheka komhlaba nendawo efanele. Kunconywa ngezikhathi ezithile ukufakelwa nokuphatha ama nge-fungicide. Izinambuzane zemvelo ze-galanthus zingama-slugs, izibungu, i-nematode ye-bulb, kanye nezimungumungwane. Ukusuka namagundane kanye nama-slugs, isihlabathi sama coarse nesihlabathi segobolondo kusakazeke kuzungeze utshani, kanye namasodasi otshani abekwe azungeze umngcele. Ukwelapha izinambuzane kuzokusindisa ezinambuzaneni ezincane.
Sebenzisa
Ukutshala iziqhwa zeqhwa esizeni, awukwazi nje ukuhlobisa insimu, kodwa futhi nokusabalalisa isitshalo esisengozini. IGalanthus ilungile ekutshaleni kwamaqembu ezingadini zamadwala noma phakathi kotshani. Uma uzisabalalisa ngokulinganayo ngaphansi kwezihlahla, ungathola ukhaphethi oqinile, njengasehlathini.
Emibhedeni yezimbali, ama-snowdrop abekwa ngaphambili, kanye nezinye izitshalo ezibekezelela umthunzi. Lapho izimbali zokuqala ziphela, ukunakwa kuzoshintsha kumakhelwane. Kungaba izinyoka, ama-corydalis, ama-primroses, ama-medunits, ama-peonies, abamba ngisho nama-ferns.
Ama-Bouquets of snowdrops abukeka emuhle e-vase ngaphandle kokuhlobisa, kepha angahlanganiswa nezinhlamvu ezinamaqabunga noma ezinye izimbali. Akufanele uklebhule izimbali eziningi futhi uziqoqe ehlathini, ngoba umkhumbi weqhwa ubhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia. Kungcono ukuncoma ubuhle babo obumnene emgwaqweni.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isitshalo siqukethe i-galantamine. Le alkaloid yahlukaniswa phakathi nekhulu lama-20. Kusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha zendabuko futhi kuyingxenye yezidakamizwa ukulwa nesifo i-Alzheimer's kanye nezinye izifo zohlelo lwezinzwa.
