IMullein isisitshalo esimnandi esivela emndenini waseNorichen. Izwe lakubo yiMedithera, i-USA ne-East Asia. Lesi sitshalo saziwa ngegama laso lesi-Latin - i-verbascum, kepha ezweni lethu asisetshenziswa kaningi. Iheha i-mullein ngezimbali eziningi. Izihloko zeziqu zayo zifihlwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwezimbali eziqhakazile, ezinamakha. Akekho umuntu odlula ngendlela ngaphandle kokuncoma ama-inflorescences aphuzi, apinki noma amhlophe qhwa. Izimbali eziqhakazile ziheha izinyoni nezinambuzane ezizuzisayo, ngakho-ke ingadi kusukela ekuseni kakhulu izogcwaliswa yi-twitter kanye ne-buzzing. Ekunakekelweni, i-mullein ayizithobi ngokuphelele, futhi izimbali zayo ezinhle azigcini nje ngokujabulisa iso, kodwa futhi zisiza ukuthuthukisa impilo.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Mullein iyisitshalo se-biennial noma se-perennial, yize unyaka nonyaka zitholakala nemvelo. Inomsuka oqinile wenduku futhi uqwebekile, futhi icishe ibe ungabinayo umlinganiso ongu-0.5-3 m. Amacembe angezansi ane-petioles isigamu sobude bethafa leqabunga. Ngaphezulu kwesiqu kukhona amahlamvu ayindilinga. Ifakwe ngokuhlukile noma komoya. Amahlamvu anepuleti eliqinile le-oval noma inhliziyo enomzimba. Ingaphezulu lawo, kanye namahlumela nezimbali, zimbozwe kakhulu ngenqwaba yokuzwa. Amahlumela namahlamvu adwetshwe eluhlaza okotshani obomvana noma oluhlaza grey.
Kusuka onyakeni wesibili wokuphila, isiqu eside sikhula ngaphezulu kwe rosette yamaqabunga, ethweswe umqhele nge inflorescence. Isikhala esinezimbali siqukethe izihlahla eziningana zamahlamvu. Phansi izigaxa zama-corollas angama-4-7, futhi phezulu kukhona isigaxa sezimbali ezincane ezi-1-4. Ububanzi be-corolla bu malunga ne-2 cm. Siqukethe amacembe aphuzi aphuzi futhi anesimo se-tubular noma i-funnel. Ngaphansi kwezimbaza ezi-fluffy, ezivulekile kakhulu, ama-stamens ayi-5 afihliwe, ahlukene ngosayizi nesimo. Izimbali ziyaqhubeka kulo lonke ihlobo.
Ngemuva kokuvota, ibhokisi elincanyana lembewu elivuthiwe. Ubuye futhi abe nobugagu obunamandla. Ngaphakathi kukhona imbewu emincane emide. Umphezulu wawo omile upendiwe ngombala ophuzi onsundu.
Izinhlobo zama-Mullein
Uhlobo lwe-mullein luhluke kakhulu, kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-250 ezibhalisiwe kulo. Ambalwa kuphela atholakala eRussia. Zithathelwa ezimweni zezulu, futhi zinezindawo zokwelapha ezinhle kakhulu.
IMullein ifana nentonga yobukhosi (iqhakaza imbala). Isitshalo eside esingama-20-120 cm sinoqu obukhulu, obuqondile obumbozwe ngamahlamvu. Amaqabunga ama-oval aphansi afinyelela ku-10-40 cm ubude, futhi ubukhulu baphezulu bungamasentimitha angama-4- 10. I-inflorescence ende enomumo wesipikili inamachashaza ezimbali eziphuzi. Ngokufana kwe-inflorescence ngentonga yobukhosi yasebukhosini, izinhlobonhlobo zathola igama. Ububanzi be-corolla ngayinye bungamasentimitha angama-3,5-5. Izimbali ezintsha zinephunga elimnandi elimnandi, kanti nezimbali ezomisiwe zinephunga loju oluthe xaxa.
I-Mullein ejwayelekile (indlebe ethwele). Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zinobuningi obukhulu buphakeme kunenqwaba ende yesilivere. Amahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani amnyama atholakala cishe kulo lonke ubude behlumela, futhi okuwukuphela kwesiqongo sawo kunomqhele we-inflorescence omise okwesikhashana. Amacembe aphansi we-petiole angaba ngu-15-30 cm ubude bawo. Ngenxa yamaqabunga ancipha kancane kancane, lesi sitshalo ekude sifana nesigaxa. I-inflorescence iqukethe izimbali eziningi ezincane ezinobubanzi obungafika ku-2 cm.
IMullein imnyama. Isitshalo eside esingu-50-120 cm sinezimpawu eziqinile. Amahlamvu amakhulu atholakala engxenyeni yesithathu kuphela yecala. Amacembe we-petiole angaphansi ane-ovoid noma enomumo wenhliziyo. Zingama-20 cm ubude.I-inflorescence ende imbozwe izixha zezimbali ezincane eziphuzi. Izindawo ezinsundu zitholakala ezansi kwama-petals, kanti ama-stamens ahlotshiswe nge-lilac villi.
I-Mullein officinalis. Iziqu ezizi-0.5-1,5 m ubude zimbozwe ngamahlamvu. Engxenyeni engenhla kune-inflorescence ende, kwesinye isikhathi amagatsha abe amahlumela amaningana. Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zimbozwe ngothotho olubunjiwe. Amaqabunga e-oval onqenqemeni olufiphele angamasentimitha ayi-15-25. Izimbali ezinamacembe athambile, amade ahlanganiswa ndawonye kulo lonke ubude be-inflorescence. Ububanzi bawo bungamasentimitha angama-3.5-5,5. Ama-Anthers apendwe ngombala obomvu.
I-Mullein yi-hybrid. Le nhlobonhlobo yokuhlobisa yatholakala ngokunqamula kwe-interspecific. Inzuzo yayo izimbali ezinkulu zemibala ehlukahlukene kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwamahlumela kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo futhi kungaba ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angama-50 noma acishe abe yi-1.8 m. Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- IMont Blanc - isitshalo eside kakhulu esinezimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe qhwa;
- U-Herry Helen - i-inflorescence iqukethe amakhulu (afinyelela ku-10 cm ubukhulu) wezimbali ezi-pink ezikhanyayo;
- UJackie - inhlobonhlobo emfishane efinyelela kuma-45 cm aphezulu embozwe izimbali ezipinki ezimnandi;
- I-Pink Domino - ibala lewolintshi liyabonakala ezimbalini ezinkulu ze-raspberry.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ukuzala kabusha kwe-Mullein kungenziwa ngokuhlwanyela imbewu noma ukusikwa kwe-mizizi. Imbewu igcina ukumila kwayo isikhathi eside futhi iyamelana nesithwathwa, ngakho-ke ungayihlwanyela ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Isitshalo sihlala sinikeza ukuzikhulula. Ngenxa yempande yenduku, engena ekujuleni kwenhlabathi, akufanelekile ukufaka esikhundleni mullein. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo zezithombo azisebenzi. Emhlabathini ovulekile, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo. Yenza lokhu maphakathi no-Meyi noma kamuva, lapho izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nosuku lisethwe ku + 13 ... + 18 ° C. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwamasonto angu-1-2. Ngenyanga yokuqala, izithombo zikhula kancane. Kamuva zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi azidingi ukunakekelwa okuningi. Izimbali kulindeleke ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-mullein impova kalula, ngakho-ke izithombo zingahluka kakhulu ezitshalweni zomama.
Ukugcina izici zokuhlukahluka kusiza ukusikeka. Izilimo kufanele zisikwe ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yezimbali (Agasti-Septhemba), khona-ke amathuba wokufaka izimpande ngempumelelo azoba ngaphezulu kakhulu. Isitshalo esiyinhloko esinezinqubo eziyisisekelo siyambiwa futhi sikhululwe emhlabathini. Impande inqunywa izingxenye eziningi ngama-buds noma amahlumela amancane. Ubude be-rhizome ngayinye kufanele okungenani bube yi-5-7 cm. I-Delenki ibekwa ngokulingene emigodini elungiselelwe. Okokuqala, embozwe ungqimba lwesihlabathi ngobukhulu obungu-5 mm, futhi ngaphezulu - ngomhlaba kuze kufike ku-15-20 mm. Ibanga lama-40 cm kumele libhekwe phakathi kwezithombo.
Imithetho Yokunakekela
I-Mullein iyisitha esinobunzima futhi ayiwona umthwalo. Ngisho ne-novice ingayinakekela. Ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile, lesi sitshalo sidinga indawo evulekile yelanga. Ukuncipha okuncane kuvunyelwe, kepha ngokuntuleka okukhulu kokukhanya kwelanga, isitshalo sizokhula sibi.
Inhlabathi yokutshala kufanele ibe yikhululekile futhi ilula. Isamba esanele, udrako kanye ne-peat kufanele kufakwe emhlabathini wobumba. Kungcono uma umhlaba unezala elinganiselayo. Ngemuva kwalokho i-mullein ingakhula kuyo iminyaka eminingana. Kepha enhlabathini enomsoco, iba mubi kakhulu futhi imvamisa iyafa ekupheleni kwesizini.
Ukunisela i-mullein kuyadingeka kuphela esimweni sezulu esomile. Inani elincane lamanzi lanele. Phakathi kokunisela, inhlabathi kufanele ome kahle. Ngempande engena shí emhlabathini, ukondla emanzini aphansi komhlaba ngeke kube yinkinga. Kepha ukungagxili njalo futhi isikhathi eside komswakama enhlabathini ngokuqinisekile kuzoholela ekuwohlokeni kwezimpande nokufa kwesitshalo.
Ukufaka umquba mullein akuvamile kakhulu. Umanyolo owodwa onobunzima bamaminerali ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwezimbali kwanele. Uma inhlabathi ivundile, khona-ke ayenzi ngaphandle kokufaka umquba nhlobo.
Ukuze i-mullein iphile isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emibili, kunconywa ukusika i-inflorescence ngaphambi kokuba imbewu ivuthwe. Izinhlobo ze-Hybrid ngemuva kokuthenwa ziyakwazi ukuqhakaza kaningi ngonyaka ofanayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwengadi
Izitshalo ezinde ezinezimbali ezinkulu nezinhle kangako ngeke ziqashelwe engadini. Ikakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa ezinemibala ehlukene yezilwane ezifuywayo. Ehlobo lonke, i-mullein izodonsela izinambuzane nezinyoni. Kuqala ukuqhakaza lapho ama-primroses esevele esabunile, futhi kamuva ama-perennials angakaqali ukwenza amahlumela. Ngakho-ke, i-mullein igcwalisa ikhefu kwezimbali. Kubalulekile ukukhetha omakhelwane abalungile ukuze ingadi yezimbali ibukeke ihambisana. Zingaba ama-orchid, ikati, isalvia, i-anaphalis, i-sage.
Amathokhethi ama-Mullein asetshenziswa futhi njengesizinda ngemuva kombhede wezimbali. Ingatshalwa ngamaqembu amancane maphakathi notshani, ezindaweni zokulwa noma ezindaweni ezihamba ezindleleni.
Izici zokupholisa zesitshalo
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-mullein zisetshenziswa emithini yesintu. Izimbali zayo, izimpande kanye namahlumela zicebile kuma-tannins, amavithamini, mumosa, uwoyela obalulekile, ama-flavonoid. Amafutha, ama-tinctures otshwala kanye nama-decoctions avela ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zesitshalo asetshenziswa njengama-anti-inflammatory, i-expectorant, i-hemostatic kanye ne-antimicrobial agents.
Ama-decoctions wezimbali asetshenziselwa ukuthambisa i-sputum eminyene ku-bronchi nasemaphashini. Ijusi entsha ifakwa ku-warts ukuze uyiqede. Izingcindezi kanye nemaski ngokususelwa ku-decoction kusiza ukulwa nezinduna. Utshwala kanye nama-tinctures otshwala namanzi athathelwa i-cystitis, i-asthma ye-bronchial, i-hypertension, umkhuhlane, i-rheumatism. IMullein isetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-hemorrhoids, i-lichen, isifo sofuba kanye nezifo zesibindi kanye ne-gastrointestinal. Ukuvikela ukutheleleka ekungeneni ezilondeni, izicubu ezishisiwe noma imifantu ezinyaweni, kufafazwa nge-mullein powder eyomile.
Ukuthengwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa okwenziwe ngemithi kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi imbali ngayinye iphila ngosuku olulodwa futhi ibuna ngokuhlwa. Ukuqoqwa kwama-corollas wonke kwenziwa ekuseni. Zomile ngaphansi kwe-canopy noma kuhhavini wokomisa emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-50 ° C. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezomile zigcinwa ezindwangu noma esikhwameni sephepha iminyaka emibili.
I-Mullein ayinakho okuphula umthetho, kepha kufanele kuthathwe ngokuqapha kubantu bathambekele ekwenziweni komzimba. Zonke izidakamizwa kumele zihlungwe ngokucophelela ngokusebenzisa izingqimba eziningana zezicubu. Noma inani elincane le-villi libanga ukucasuka okukhulu kwesisu nolwelwesi lwama-mucous.
