I-Goryanka iyi-herbaceous perennial evela emndenini weBarberry. Yaziwa nangokuthi imbali ye-epimedium noma ye-elven. Lesi sitshalo sihlala ezansi nasezigodini zamahlathi eCaucasus, eTurkey, e-Alps nase-East Asia. Isembozo esinamahlamvu amahle sithandwa kakhulu eNtshonalanga Yurophu, kodwa ezivandeni zaseRussia kusisihambi esivamile. Njengoba ingagcini umhlobiso wensimu kuphela, kodwa futhi nesitshalo esisebenzayo sokwelapha, i-goryanka ifanelwe yindawo yokuhlonipha engadini yezimbali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthola kahle ukunakekelwa kwakhe kulula kakhulu.
Incazelo yeBotanical
IGoryanka isembozo sangemuva sonyaka esine-rhizome eqinile, enamahlamvu. Ukuphakama kwamahlumela ngezimbali kungamasentimitha ayi-15-75. Isihlahla sikhula ngokushesha ngobubanzi, kepha umongo uyafa kancane kancane. Kuhlobo lweGoryanka kukhona izinhlobo ezihlala ziluhlaza futhi eziqabayo. Kumahlumela amancane anamagatsha embozwe ngegxolo elibushelelezi elibomvu, amaqabunga atholakala eduze. Ibanga eliphakathi kwazo li-cm cm 1-7. Lapho amaqabunga esondelene kakhulu anamathiselwe, mkhulu amafomu wesilenge.
Amaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakazekile e-Petioles anenhliziyo ebunjiwe, i-lanceolate noma i-elliptical. Amahlamvu aphindwe kathathu anamaqabunga amathathu anemiphetho ebushelelezi noma enamasondo kanye nesiphetho esikhombe. Kwesinye isikhathi imithambo ebubende ibonakala ephepheni elimnyama lesikhumba.
NgoMeyi, izimbali eziqhamukayo ze-racemose ziyaqhakaza ngaphezu kwesihenqo. AmaCorollas anobubanzi obungu-5-20 mm anesimo esingajwayelekile. Ziqukethe imigqa emibili yamacembe, 4 emunye. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ama-spurs aminyene ayizinsimbi akhona eziqongweni.
Ngemuva kokuvota, ama-achenes owomile avuthwa kwi-goryanka. Ukukhula kwezinhlanyelo kuqukethe izakhi eziheha izintuthwane. Yilezi zinambuzane ezisakaza imbewu ye-goryanka emabangeni amade.
Izinhlobo zentukuthelo
Uhlobo lweGoryanka lunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50 eziyisisekelo nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa.
IGoryanka inkulu-flowered (grandiflorum). Lesi sitshalo sesibe isisekelo sokuzala nzalo nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa. Kutholakala emahlathini asezintabeni aseJapan. Ukuphakama kwesihenqo esihlala sikhula kungamasentimitha angama-20-30. Amacembe amnyama efomu elakhiwe ngenhliziyo anephethini eliyinkimbinkimbi yethusi eluhlaza ebusweni. Izimbali zeLilac ziqoqwe kumabhulashi wezingcezu ezi-4-15. Zisetshenziselwa kwezokwelapha ukugcina impilo yabesilisa futhi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-Viagra eluhlaza." Izinhlobo:
- ILilacinum - ichaza ama-corollas amahle anama-petals amhlophe-onsomi;
- INdlovukazi Emhlophe - ihluke ngezimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe qhwa;
- I-Pink Queen - ithwala ama-inflorescence anemibala egqamile epinki.
UGoryanka obomvu. Lesi sitshalo siqukethe izigaxa eziningi eziqondile ezifika ku-40 cm ukuphakama. Amahlumela athambile aqeda ngama-inflorescences amancane. Ama-Budget anesilinganiso sokufika ku-1.5 cm aqukethe amacembe abomvu-aphuzi nekholomu ethesiwe maphakathi nendawo.
I-Goryanka arrowhead. Isitshalo sivulwa muva nje. Yakha ikhethini ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-25-30. Umqhele omnyama uqukethe amaqabunga amaningi amade, akhonjisiwe. Emaphethelweni amahlumela, amabhulashi aqhakaza aqhakaza ngama-corollas amancane.
IGoryanka Chinese noma isiKorea. I-deciduous perennial efinyelela ku-15 cm ukuphakeme imbozwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakaza aluhlaza. Entwasahlobo, izimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe ze-lilac ziqhakaza ngaphezu kwesihenqo. Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ngokubekezelela umthunzi nokuphikisana nesithwathwa, kodwa-ke, zikhula kancane.
Izici Ezikhulayo
Ukuze kwenziwe kabusha i-goryanka, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezi-2 eziyinhloko:
- ukuhlwanyela imbewu;
- ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu kudla isikhathi esiningi, ngoba kudinga ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili nezithombo ezikhulayo. Okokuqala, imbewu igcinwa ekushiseni kwegumbi cishe amasonto amathathu, bese ibekwa esiqandisini inyanga eyodwa, bese inqubo iphindwa. Futhi kuphela ngemuva kokuthatha imbewu okwesibili kusuka esiqandisini, batshalwe esihlabathini nasenhlabathini peat. Izitshalo zimbozwe ngefilimu futhi zigcinwa emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka- + 15 ... + 20 ° C. Amahlumela avela kungakapheli amasonto ayi-1-2. Izithombo zikhula ngokushesha futhi zilungele ukufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Izimbali kulindeleke eminyakeni engu-3-4.
Isihlahla esikhulu singahlukaniswa izingxenye eziningi bese sidluliselwa. Inqubo yenziwa ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Kuyadingeka ukusimba ngokuphelele lesi sitshalo, usikhulule emhlabeni omningi bese usika izimpande ngommese ezingxenyeni eziningana. Isahluko ngasinye kufanele sibe nezinso ezi-3. Izitshalo ezivelayo zitshalwa endaweni entsha, kwizimbobo ezijulile ngu-4-6 cm. Izithombo ziniselwa ngokulinganayo futhi zimbozwe ngamahlamvu.
Lapho ukutshala izihlahla ze-goryanka, kubalulekile ukugcina ibanga elingama-30-40 cm phakathi kwawo.Umhlabathi wesitshalo kufanele ube nokudla futhi uminyiswe kahle. Izinsimbi ezikhululekile, ezinokukhanya okuphezulu kokuqukethwe kwe-lime kufanelekile.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Ukunakekela i-goryanka kulula kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo esingenacala sikhula kahle emthunzini, noma elangeni elivulekile. Izinhlobo eziningi zimelana nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kepha zingaba yiqhwa kuqhwa elinamandla.
IGoryanka iyabekezelela ukushisa kwehlobo kahle, kepha idinga ukuthambisa okuningi okuvame kakhulu. Isitshalo sithanda i-hydration ejwayelekile. Kuzodingeka ukunisela i-goryanka kaningi. Kodwa-ke, izimpande zizwelana nokubola lapho kuqina amanzi.
Ukungena kahle emoyeni ku-rhizome, kunconywa ukufaka izithombo zenhlabathi noma ukhula njalo. Ebusika, i-rhizome ihlanganiswe nomquba. Uma kulindeleke ukuthi kube nesithando esinzima kakhulu, khona-ke lesi sitshalo simbozwe ngamaqabunga kanye namagatsha e-spruce. Izinhlobo ze-evergreen zidinga indawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe noma kunjalo. Ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, udinga ukususa amaqabunga amadala bese ususa i-mulch. Kungekudala amaqabunga amancane, anemibala emihle azokhula.
IGoryanka ayidingi ukondliwa njalo. Uma inhlabathi ivundile ngokwanele, ungakwenza ngaphandle kwabo. Uma kunesidingo, izihlahla zondlalwa ngomquba kanye nezimbiwa ezinamaminithi ayi-1-2 ngesizini.
IGoryanka ayamelana nezifo eziningi kanye namagciwane. Kaningi, amahlumela alimaza ama-slugs kanye namagundane ensimu. Izicupho noma amanye amadivayisi aqondisayo afakwa kusuka ezinambuzaneni.
Ukuphulukisa izakhiwo
Zonke izingxenye ze-goryanka zine-alkaloids, ama-saponins, ama-steroid, ama-glycosides nama-flavonoids. Lesi sitshalo kudala saziwa emithini yasendulo neyasendulo. Kusetshenziswa njengethoni, i-choleretic, i-diuretic, ivuseleli noma evuselelayo. Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka, amalungiselelo asuselwa kunolaka asetshenziselwe:
- ukuphathwa kanye nokuvinjwa kwezifo zobulili zabesilisa;
- ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki;
- silwe nokukhathala okungapheli nokucindezelwa;
- thuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi ulwe ne-hypertension;
- ukuhlanza umzimba ubuthi ngemuva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa nezivuseleli.
Ngosizo lwentukuthelo, awukwazi ukunqoba lesi sifo kuphela, kodwa futhi uvuselele umzimba, kepha isitshalo siyabhekelwa kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuqunjelwa, izingane kanye nabantu abanezifo ze-thyroid.
I-Goryanka ekwakhiweni komhlaba
IGoryanka isimboza ngokushesha umhlabathi ngekhaphethi oluhlaza oqhubekayo, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi ekubukweni engadini, kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi kwezihlahla. Ezingadini zama-rock, ama-rockeries noma ama-mixborder amakhethini aminyene ngokuqinisekile azodonsela ukunakwa. Entwasahlobo, lapho kungekho khona izitshalo eziningi eziqhakaza izimbali, i-goryanka iyathandeka ngama-inflorescence abucayi. Omakhelwane abahle kakhulu kuye bazoba ngama-host, i-primrose, i-tiarella, i-medunica noma i-fern. Ungatshala ne-goryanka eduze okusanhlamvu noma izitshalo ezincane ze-bulb.
