IStapelia isitshalo esidla ubhedu esinamahlumela anamahlumela nezimbali ezinhle ngokumangazayo. Ngenxa yobume bezimbali, efana nenkanyezi ye-motley, idume ngokubizwa nge- "Order Star" noma "Starfish". Lesi sitshalo singowomndeni wakwaKutrov. Izwe lakubo yiNingizimu neNingizimu-Ntshonalanga ne-Afrika, lapho imbali ihlala khona eduze kwamachibi nasemahlathini emithambekeni yezintaba. Njengama-suppulents amaningi, ama-stapelia akhula cishe ngaphandle kokunakekelwa, ngakho-ke kufanelekile kubalimi abavilaphayo noma abamatasa.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Stapelia isitshalo sangemuva esisetshenzisiwe sobukhulu obuhlanganisiwe. Ukuphakama kwezimodeli zabantu abadala kusuka ku-10-60 cm. Kunohlelo lwangempela lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle. Ingxenye yomhlabathi iqukethe izinqubo ezibunjiwe ezinezimbali ngesikhumba esibushelelezi. Amahlumela enyama agobile anombala oluhlaza okhanyayo ngamabala aphuzi noma apinki kanye nenhlanganisela emhlophe ye-waxy. Banobuso obungu-4-6 bamazinga ahlukahlukene obulukhuni, lapho kutholakala khona izinsizakalo zokunikeza usizo, ezifana nemikhondo emifushane, enezinwele.
Okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu ukuqhakaza kwe-stapelia, okwenzeka kaningi ehlobo. Okokuqala, kwenziwa amaqabunga amakhulu ama-airy asayizi weqanda lenkukhu. Zitholakala engxenyeni engezansi yehlumela, yize zingatholakala esiqongweni salo. Imbali ngayinye inezinto zayo ezinde ezivulekile. Amahlumela aqhakaza ngezimbali ezinjenge-bell noma ezimfushane ezinemibala emihlanu. Ububanzi bawo bungamasentimitha angama-5-30. Izisekelo zamaphalishi anamanzi zigcwala ku-terandi eliphakathi nendawo. Imvamisa phakathi nendawo kukhona umqulu we-meaty. Kuwo wonke umhlaba ophathwayo noma emaphethelweni kuphela kukhona i-villi ende emhlophe yombala omhlophe noma okhanyayo opinki. Umbala wezimbali ungaba yi-motley ophuzi-burgundy, ulamula noma obomvu-owolintshi.
Izimbali azijwayelekile futhi zinhle, kepha ngasikhathi sinye iphunga elingathandeki kakhulu, elinephunga le-fetid. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abapholisi abaphambili bayizimpukane. Kuphela bayakwazi ukufinyelela amashekeli impova. Ngemuva kokuvunda, imbewu ivuthwa emabhokisini embewu enenyama isikhathi eside kakhulu, inqubo leyo ingathatha unyaka noma ngaphezulu.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo ze-slipway
Ngokusho kwesigaba samazwe omhlaba, kunezinhlobo ezingama-56 kuhlobo lwe-stapelia. Eziningi zazo zihlobisa kakhulu ngenxa yesimo sezimbali esingajwayelekile.
I-stapelia enkulu enezimbali ezinkulu. Lesi sithelo esisetshenziswa njalo sikhula amahlumela aluhlaza we-tetrahedral. Imvamisa bagatsha kusuka phansi. Engxenyeni engezansi yesiqu ehlobo, imbali iyakheka ku-peduncle ende, eguqukayo. Ama-petals alo lanceolate afana ne-starfish esesimweni. Ububanzi be-corolla bufika ku-15-25 cm. Amaphara apende onsomi noma umbala obomvu awombala ombozwe nge-villi yesiliva ende. Izimbali zihlala izinsuku ezingama-2-5. Ngalesi sikhathi, iphunga elingajabulisi alikho.
I-Stapelia motley. Lesi sitshalo sineziqu eziluhlaza eziluhlaza ezinamabala, esigabeni esakha umbuthano ocishe ube njalo. Amazinyo athambile abekwe eceleni kwezimbambo eziseluliwe. Ukuphakama kokudubula okuhlanganayo akudluli ku-10 cm. Ehlobo, izimbali ezigqamile ze-motley ziyaqhakaza zinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-5-8. Zidwetshelwe ngombala ophuzi noma ukhilimu, lapho kuvela khona amabala ansundu noma maroon. I-corolla efekethisiwe enkabeni inendandatho ye-convex, efakwe izinhlaka ezingunxantathu. Iphunga elingathandeki ngesikhathi sezimbali liqinile. Isitshalo sivumelana kalula nezimo eziphikisayo.
Inkanyezi eyenziwe ngenkanyezi. Amahlumela we-tetrahedral wesitshalo awadluli ku-cm angama-20 ubude. Zimbozwe ngesikhumba esimnyama esimnyama ngombala opinki noma okhanyayo onsomi. Amakhethini amancane abekwe eceleni kwemingcele. Izimbali zihlelwe izingcezu ezi-1-3 ezisekelweni zezihluma. Zinezinyawo ezinde, ezacile. Ulayini ovuleke ngenkanyezi ovulekile obukhulu ngamasentimitha angama-5-8. Amaphayini ahlukaniswe ngokuqinile futhi asontekile abuyele emuva eceleni kwe-eksisi ende. Izimbali zinendawo ecwebezelayo, futhi enamagquma. Ama-villi aqoqwe ndawonye kumamaki owalandela. Umbala wezimbali uqukethe amathunzi abomvu, owolintshi kanye ophuzi.
I-Stapelia ferruginous. Ukuphakama kwalokhu kunciphisayo akudluli ku-15 cm. Kunama-ribonso aluhlaza okhanyayo. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kufika izimbali ezintathu ngasikhathi sinye. Zitholakala ezansi kwehlumela kuzinyathelo ezinde zokuhamba drooping. Ububanzi bentyatyambo e-lime-aphuzi awudluli ku-5 cm. Ingaphezulu layo limbozwe ngama-pink amaningi apinki noma amhlophe qwa. Izinqubo zeTranslucent ziphela ngokuqina ekugcineni.
I-stapelia enkulu. Isitshalo sinezimpande ezinde ezinamanzi ezinezinothi ezijulile eziqonde mpo. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, liqhakaza izimbali ezinkulu kunazo zonke, ububanzi bazo bufika kuma-35 cm. Imbali enoboya obunhlanu obuhlaza ipendiwe ngotshani obomvana ophuzi obunemichilo ecashile. Imiphetho yamaphalishi incishiswe kakhulu futhi iphakeme. Imvamisa amathiphu asonteka ngaphakathi. Lapho kuqhakaza izitshalo, lesi sitshalo sifaka iphunga elinamandla lokubola kwenyama.
I-Stapelia onsomi yegolide. Ukuphakama kwesihlakala esinemibala enombala oluhlaza omnyama akudluli ku-10 cm. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza engxenyeni engenhla yeziqu futhi ziqoqe ama-buds ayi-1-3. Ububanzi be-corolla buba malunga ne-4 cm. Ifana ne-starfish eyisicaba enama-tentacle acinene, ahlakazeke kakhulu. Ingaphezulu lamaphalishi limbozwe amashubhu amancane futhi lidwetshwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi. Isikhungo siqhathanisa neziqongo. Imbozwe ngokubabazekayo ngothotho olubomvana futhi yapendwe ngombala omhlophe nobububende. Iphunga lezimbali zalezi zinhlobonhlobo limnandi impela, noma libuthakathaka.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ukuzala kabusha kwe-stapelia kwenziwa ngembewu nokusikwa. Imbewu esanda kuvunwa, imbewu evuthwe kahle ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha enhlabathini enamanzi yesihlabathi se-peat. Zisatshalaliswa ebusweni, zicindezelwe futhi zigqitshwe ngesihlabathi kalula. Ithangi lifafazwa nsuku zonke kwibhodlela lokufafazwa. Amahlumela okuqala angabonakala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-22-28. Izithombo 1-1,5 cm dive phezulu ezinkomeni ezilahlayo noma emabhodweni amancanyana enomhlabathi wokuthambisa. Ukufakelwa okulandelayo kwenziwa ngonyaka.
IStapelia isakazeka kalula ngokusikwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sika inqubo ye-lateral ephakeme ngo-3-5 cm ngentwasahlobo ehlanziwe ngokucophelela. Isayithi elisikiwe lezinqenqema kanye nesitshalo sikamama sichotshozwa ngamalahle. Ngaphambi kokutshala, ukhipha izigaxa zomile emoyeni kosuku, bese zigxila esihlabathini nasenhlabathini peat. Kwanele ukusunduza isiqu singene emhlabathini futhi sisekele. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpande, lesi sitshalo sidluliselwa emhlabeni olucwebezelayo kusuka engxenyeni yefudu, inhlabathi eshidi, namalahle nesihlabathi somfula.
Ukutshala nokunakekela ekhaya
I-Stapelia isitshalo esibuthaka kunalokho, ngakho-ke ukufakelwa kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela. Ukuze ungaphuli izimpande, basebenzisa indlela yokudlulisela phambili ngokulondolozwa komthambo wobumba. Isikhathi esihle sokufuduka yintwasahlobo. Yenza inqubo kanye njalo eminyakeni eyi-1-3. Ngaso leso sikhathi, amahlumela awomile nangadala angasuswa, futhi isihlahla esikhulu singahlukaniswa izingxenye eziningi.
Imbiza kufanele ingajulile, kepha ibanzi ngokwanele. Ekuphakameni kwesithathu kugcwele ngezinto zokudonsa (ubumba olwandisiwe, amatshe amatshe, izingcezwana zezitini ezibomvu). Isikhala samahhala phakathi kwezimpande nezindonga zigcwele inhlabathi ngokusabela okungathathi hlangothi noma okune-asidi. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nesihlabathi esikhulu somfula, kanye nomhlaba we-turf kanye namalahle ambalwa. Masishane ngemuva kokutshala, isladiway kufanele ibekwe ngokukhanya okungafani. Gwema ukuchelela isonto lonke. Lapho imbali ivumelana nenhlabathi entsha, iqala ukuthambisa inhlabathi ngokuqapha.
Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kwe-slipway akunzima. Ngendawo efanele, imbali ayidingi ukunakwa ngokweqile. Uma ivikelwe ngokweqile, ivame ukuniselwa futhi ihlelwe kabusha ukusuka kwenye indawo kuya kwenye, ingagula.
Isibani IStapelia idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo okukhulu. Ingafakwa kumafasitela aseningizimu, asentshonalanga nasempumalanga, kepha ehlobo ingabanjiswa ukusuka elangeni lasemini. Ukukhanya ngokweqile nokuchayeka elangeni eliqondile kubangela ukusha. Kuvela amabala ansundu awomile emaqabungeni. Ngisho nokucekelwa phansi kweziqu kuwuphawu lokuqala lwenkinga. Ebusika, amakamelo asenyakatho angadinga ukukhanyiswa okwengeziwe.
Ukushisa Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, okushisa komoya okuphezulu kungo + 22 ... + 26 ° C. Ungathatha imbali uyise kuvulandi, kepha uyivikele ngokucophelela kusuka kokusalungiswa. NgoNovemba-uFebhuwari, kuyadingeka ukunikeza lesi sitshalo isikhathi sokuphumula. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele igcinwe egumbini elikhanyiswe kahle, elipholile (+ 14 ... + 16 ° C). Ukupholisa ngaphansi kwe-12 + C akuvunyelwe.
Umswakama. Njenganoma yikuphi ukunambitheka, i-stapelia ibekezelela umoya omile kahle. Akadingi ukufafazwa okwengeziwe. Ukugeza okuvamisile ngaphansi kweshawa efudumele kuvunyelwe, kepha ngesikhathi sezimbali kufanele kungavinjelwa. Lapho ubhukuda, udinga ukuvikela inhlabathi esuka echibini.
Ukunisela. IStapelia idinga ukuthambisa ngokulingana, ukuze phakathi kokunisela inhlabathi yomile ngesigamu. Ekwindla, njengoba izinga lokushisa lehla, ukuthambisa akuvamile. Ebusika, sekwanele ukuthulula mangaki wezipuni ebhodweni ukumanzisa inhlabathi kancane.
Umanyolo. Ngo-Ephreli-Septhemba, ama-stapelias avundiswa kabili ngenyanga ngamakhompiyutha e-cacti. Isixazululo somanyolo sithululelwa emhlabathini kude nebanga elincane kusuka ezimpandeni. I-complex kufanele ibe nenani elanele le-potassium, ngoba yandisa ukungavikeleki kwesitshalo. Ekwindla, ukugqoka okuphezulu kumiswa ngokuphelele.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-stapelia ayihlushwa yizifo zezitshalo. Uma inhlabathi ithululelwa njalo, ukubola kwezimpande kungakhula. Kulokhu, cishe akunakwenzeka ukusindisa isitshalo sikamama. Udinga ukuba nesikhathi sokusika izingcezu ezinempilo futhi uziphande. Ama-parasites acishe angalokothi axazululwe eshibilika, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuphepha kwembali.
Lapho unakekela isitshalo, kubalulekile ukunaka ukubukeka kwayo. Uma iziqu ziba nsundu futhi zisontekile, lokhu kukhombisa i-bay. Amahlumela amancanyana akhombisa ukungabikhona komanyolo nokukhanya. Uma isikhathi se-dormant sihlelelwe ngokungalungile futhi kunokukhanya kokukhanyisa, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kungenzeka kungenzeki.
