IMattiola isitshalo esinezimbali ezinotshani eza kithi ezivela eMedithera. Ungowomndeni wakwaC Crucifer. Ukubonakala kwe-matthiola kunesizotha, kepha iphunga lezimbali zalo lilihle kangangokuba isikhathi esiningi kungenxa yalo ukuthi lesi sitshalo sabelwa indawo engadini yezimbali. Batshala budebuduze nama-arbor, amathala noma amafasitela endlu. Njengoba izimbali zivula ebusuku, uMattiola uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ebusuku violet" noma "levka."
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Matthiola iyisitshalo saminyaka yonke noma esidala esinamaqabunga anotshani obukhulu obude obungu-30-90 cm. Zimbozwe ngesikhumba esiluhlaza okotshani noma obumnyama. Ukuhluma kukaMathiola kuqukethe inani elikhulu lamaqabunga athambile. Amahlamvu aluhlaza we-lanceolate amnyama onqenqemeni oluphelele noma olugxiliwe agxilisiwe ezisekelweni nangaphansi kwephutha.
Kusekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, kuqhakaza izimbali eziqhamukayo ze-racemose eziqongweni zeziqu. Ziqukethe izimbali ezilula noma eziphindwe kabili ezinama-petals athambile ayindilinga. Umbala we-inflorescence ungaba opinki, omhlophe, o-lilac, onsomi noma ophuzi. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza ekushoneni kwelanga futhi zihanjiswe ngempova yizinambuzane zobusuku. Umoya oseduze kombhede wezimbali ugcwele iphunga elimnandi lephunga. Izitshalo ziyizitshalo ezinhle kakhulu zoju. Ngemuva kokuvunda, izithelo ziyavuthwa - pods encane ukuzibopha. Ngayinye iqukethe imbewu eminingi yesimo esiyindilinga. Imbewu insundu noma imnyama.
Izinhlobo zeMatiola
Uhlobo lwe-matthiola luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-50 ezinkulu. Izinhlobo ezingaphezulu kuka-600 zokuhlobisa sezivele zabelwe ngesisekelo sazo. Izitshalo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu ngokuya ngobude (obude, obuphakathi, obude), isakhiwo sezimbali (ezilula, eziphindwe kabili) nezinye izimpawu. Ezinye ze-matthiol ezaziwa kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:
UMattiola ubicic. Unyaka nonyaka onesiqu esincanyana, esihlotshiswe kakhulu sakha isihlahla esiyindilinga esingaba ngu-50 cm. Amahlumela ambozwe ngamahlamvu aluhlaza aluhlaza okotshani. NgoJuni-Agasti, ama-panicle inflorescence aqhakaza aqhakaza ngama-corollas alula, amane. Zipendiwe ngombala opinki noma onsomi okhanyayo bese ziveza iphunga elimnandi kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuvundiswa ngemidumba emincane eminyene, imbewu encane ye-oblong ivuthiwe.
Mattiola grey. Isitshalo esenziwa minyaka yonke esinamahlamvu agobekile abuthakathaka kube ngu-20-80 cm ukuphakama. Iziqu zitholakala ngokushesha. Zimbozwe ngokugqamile ngamahlamvu e-oval noma amancanyana anomugqa onobukhulu obufushane be-pubescence. Izimbali ezilula noma eziphindwe kabili ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence aminyene eziqongweni zamahlumela. Zidwetshwe ngombala opinki, omhlophe, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, owelilac, ophuzi now onsomi onsomi. Lolu hlobo lwama blooms e-levkoy ngoJuni futhi lugcina izimbali kuze kube yilapho iqhwa kuqala. Eningizimu kungaqhakaza ngisho nasebusika. Izithelo, ifulegi elinenhlamvu enezimbali eziningi, livutha kuphela ngo-khula onezimbali ezilula.
UMattiola unephunga elimnandi. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo se-herbaceous esidala kungama-20-50 cm. Iziqu namaqabunga aso apendwe aluhlaza okotshani futhi ambozwe ngomuzwa wokuqina we-sillies wesiliva. I-Foliage yakha irosette obukhulu obukhulu. Amaqabunga e-Sedentary anomumo oblong. NgoMeyi-Juni, i-bloemose inflorescence engajwayelekile yezimbali eziqhamile nsundu. Amahlumela avuleka lapho kushona ilanga futhi akhiphe iphunga elihlonishwayo lesimilo.
Ukulima kweLevkoy
Indlela enkulu yokwandisa matthiola ukuhlwanyela imbewu. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, izilimo zingatshalwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Yenza lokhu ngoNovemba noma ngo-Ephreli endaweni evulekile nelanga. Kuma-visco angajulile zama ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo imbewu encane. Phambilini, zihlanganiswa kakhulu nesihlabathi. Lapho izithombo zakha amaqabunga ayi-3 eqiniso, ziyancipha ukuze ibanga libe ngu-15-20 cm.
Ukuthola izitshalo eziqhakazayo ngokushesha, kunconywa ukuthi kuqala ukhule izithombo. Ekuqaleni kukaMashi, imbewu isatshalaliswa ezitsheni ezinengxube yenhlabathi ye-turf nesihlabathi kuya ekujuleni kuka-5 mm. Kuyasiza ukuzicwilisa amahora amaningi kusisombululo se-manganese. Umhlabathi umanzi kahle futhi amabhokisi adluliselwa egumbini elikhanyiswe kahle elinokushisa kwe- + 10 ... + 12 ° C. Amahlumela avela emva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4, ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, izithombo zigaxela ezimbizeni ezihlukile noma kwizindebe ezilahliwe.
Ukutshala izithombo ku-greenhouse kuyaqhubeka maphakathi no-Ephreli. Bese kuthi phakathi nesonto, izimbali zikhishwe ngaphandle amahora amaningi ukuzicwilisa. Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, kungenzeka ukuthi ungene emhlabeni matthiola. Isivele ikwazi ukubekezelela amaqandeni amancane wokubuya (kufika ku-5 ° C).
Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphandle
Ngokutshala i-levkoy, indawo ekhanyiswe kahle, evulekile iyakhethwa. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuthi ngaphambi kwalokhu, abanye abamele izitshalo ezibethelelwa emasimini batshalwe kuso, ngoba inhlabathi ingangenwa yisifo sokukhunta. Izithombo zitshalwa ngaphandle kokulimaza inhlama yomhlaba ekujuleni kohlelo lwezimpande. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo kumele libe ngu-20 cm. Ukutshala kuhlelwa kahle kusihlwa noma ngosuku lwamafu. Ngokutshala oku-denser, ukutheleleka emlenzeni omnyama kungenzeka. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nokukhululeka okuvundile futhi evundile, ene-acidity engathathi hlangothi. Izinsimbi ezisindayo nokugwazwa kwamanzi akwamukeleki.
UMattiola usiko elingabekezeleleki. Udinga ukukhanyiswa okukhulu nenhlabathi evundile, enamanzi amaningi. Udinga ukunisela isitshalo njalo, kepha ngezingxenye ezincane. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kuyadingeka ukhulula ingaphezulu lomhlabathi ukuze uqweqwe olungene lungabi ngemuva kokunisela. Kufanele futhi unake ukhula lokhula. Le mbali inenkinga yokuthi isondele izitshalo ezinolaka.
Okuphakelayo kwe-Mattiole akudingeki. Kwanele entwasahlobo ukuchelela ukutshala ngesixazululo somanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi wokuqhakaza izimbali. Kwenhlabathi evundile, ungakwenza ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo.
I-leukemia ingahlushwa yizifo fungal, ikakhulukazi kusukela "umlenze omnyama" kanye "iklabishi keel." Njenge-prophylaxis, umuntu kufanele aqaphele ibanga futhi asuse nezimbali, futhi avikele nokuqothuka kwenhlabathi. Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu kulesi sitshalo uvemvane, iklabishi elibunjiwe kanye ne-whitewash. Ukwelashwa kwezinambuzane kuzosiza ukubhekana ngokushesha nezinambuzane.
Mattiola ekwakhiweni komhlaba
UMattiola ungomunye walezo zitshalo ezingatshalwa ngenxa yokubukeka okugqamile, kodwa ngenxa yephunga elimnandi. Yize izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ze-terry zihlobisa kahle ingadi yezimbali noma zigcwalisa ukwakheka kwesixha. Ngo-cut, isitshalo sizokuma amasonto amabili. IMattiola itshalwe eduze kwezindawo zokuphumula noma amafasitela ezindlu, ukuze kusihlwa nasebusuku bajabulele iphunga elicebile lolwandle iMedithera.
Isiko leli lingasetjenziselwa amabalconies we-landscaping kanye nethala, ukutshala emabhokisini nasezitsheni. Omakhelwane abahle kakhulu engadini yezimbali ze-levkoy yi-lavender, i-rosemary, umhluzi wokuhlobisa, i-reseda, i-thyme, i-thyme, i-phlox ne-nyvyanik.
