I-Asparagus isitshalo esidala esinamaqabunga athambile, amancanyana. Ukusuka kude, amapheshana angathathwa ngezinaliti, kepha awunakwenza lutho ngameva. Yize ingaqhakaza, ibaluleke ngokuqondile ngamahlamvu angavulekile. Lesi sitshalo singesama-Asparagus womndeni. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyadliwa, njenge-asparagus edume kabi, kepha izinhlobo zokuhlobisa zithandwa kakhulu kusiko. Zisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke, ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezulu. Izwe elithile lezinhlobo ezithile ze-asparagus yiNtshonalanga Yurophu, i-USA, India, iJapan, neGibhithe. Ezweni lethu, lesi sitshalo sivame emasikweni wasendlini. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ama-asparagus akha amathayela aluhlaza obukhulu.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Asparagus iyi-evergreen ehlala njalo ngesimo se shrub noma i-creeper. I-rhizome ethuthukisiwe ingena shí emhlabathini. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ihlumela elinamandla elingaphansi komhlaba kusuka ezinso, futhi kulapho kuphela lapho inqwaba yezinqubo zomhlaba zisuka kulo. Isitshalo sineziqu ezithambile zotshani. Ama-green green agobekayo afinyelela ku-1.5 m ubude athathe ingxenye esebenzayo ku-photosynthesis. Zimbozwe nge-scaly, zivame ukungakhiwa kahle, amapheshana. Okwenziwa ngabantu abavamile ngamahlamvu amancane kunamahlamvu amafushane abunjiwe ngenaliti (amagugu). Zikhula zibe ngamaqhubu kuhlumela olude. Phansi kwengcebo, umuntu angacabanga ngamaqabunga e-scaly aqinile nge-spurs enzima.
Izimbali eziqotweni ezincane ziqhakaza zodwa noma ezindaweni ezincane ze-corymbose inflorescence. Ezindlini, izimbali zivame kakhulu. Izimbali zikhula kuma-axils amaqabunga. I-symmetrical nimbus bisexual noma bobulili obufanayo. Siqukethe amacembe amancane ayisithupha akhula kuma-2 tiers kanye nenani elifanayo le-stamens engcolile. I-ovary enezidleke ezintathu maphakathi nendawo imbala inekholamu emfishane enesihlamba. Lapho izimbali ziphela, amajikijolo amancane ayindilinga anembewu encane avuthiwe. Inyama enamanzi ifihlwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba esibomvu.
Ama-Asparagus amajikijolo awakwazi ukungeneka! Njengamahlumela, anobuthi, ngakho-ke izingane nezilwane kungcono ukungasondeli kulesi sitshalo.
Izinhlobo ze-Asparagus
Uhlobo lwe-asparagus luhluke kakhulu futhi luningi. Kuhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-200.
I-cirrus asparagus (i-plumezus). Ohlala emahlathini asezansi nasendaweni eshisayo yase-Afrika akhula ngesimo sesihlahla esinamahlumela. Isiqu esinamandla esinamagatsha anamanzi simbozwe ngamahlamvu scangamu anxantathu afinyelela ku-5 mm ubude. Amahlumela afana ne-Thread (phyllocladius) ama-5-16 mm ubude akhula ngamaqembu wezingcezu ezi-3-12. Ngenxa yezinqubo ezilandelanayo endizeni enezingqimba, ihlumela elihlukile lifana neqabunga le-fern elisike oluningi. Izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe ziyaqhakaza ngazinye. Ngemuva kokuvunda, amajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anezinhlamvu ezi-1 kuya kuvuthiwe.
Asparagus Meyer. Isihlahla somhluzi sikhula kube amahlumela angaba ngu-50 cm ubude. Sinezindawo ezinobude obuningi futhi zimbozwe kubo bonke ubude ngamakhodi aluhlaza aqhakazile, afana nezinaliti. Amahlumela akhula kuzo zonke izinkomba. Ngaphandle, ihlumela ngalinye lifana nebhulashi eline-fluffy.
I-Asparagus Sprenger (igeleza ngokugqamile). Isihlahla esinwabuzelayo sihlala ezintabeni ezinomswakama zaseNingizimu Afrika. Iziqu ze-Bare ezigqinsiwe ziyacwila zingene emhlabathini futhi zikhule zibe ngu-1.5 m ubude. Faka amaqabunga e-scaly aze afike ku-4 mm ubude bezikhala ezinde eziqondile noma ezigobekile ezingama-phyllocladies afinyelela ku-3 cm ubude Izimbali ezithambile ezipinki noma ezimhlophe ezinephunga elimnandi ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence e-corymbose. Ngemuva kokuvundela, amajikijolo abomvu avuthiwe.
I-Asparagus crescent (falcate). Izinhlobonhlobo ezinjenge-Lian zikhula ziba nezimo eziguqukayo zifinyelela ku-15 m ubude futhi zifinyelela ku-1 cm ubukhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo zangaphakathi, ubude be-liana abudluli kumamitha ayi-4. Izinqubo ezinkulu ezime ngendlela yesikena, ezingaba ngu-8 cm ubude, zitholakala emahlumela kude kakhulu nomunye nomunye. yenza izinqubo ezilandelanayo. Iqhakaza ngamaphaneli ahlekisayo anamakha amancane ngezimbali ezincane zikakhilimu.
I-Asparagus officinalis (ejwayelekile). Isimo sezulu esifudumele sivela eNyakatho Afrika. Amahlumela awo otshani akhula ngamasentimitha angama-30-150. Ingxenye ebushelelezi yale nqubo imbozwe izixha zezingqimba ezingcolile. Esisekelweni sabo, amaqabunga e-scaly ane-spurs akhula.
I-asparagus yi-pyramidal. Amahlumela esihlahleni esinokuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-50-150 akhula ngokuthe nkqo. Zimbozwe kakhulu ngama-phyllocladies amafushane aluhlaza, atholakala endizeni eyodwa. Yize amaqabunga ethambile ekuthinteni, ukusuka kude angaba nephutha ngejuniper.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ekhaya, i-asparagus isatshalaliswa yimbewu, ukusikwa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwephisi. Imbewu ikhishwa kumajikijolo avuthiwe bese ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha emabhodweni enenhlabathi evundile, evundile. Bafafazwa ngesendlalelo esincanyana somhlaba, esiniselwe futhi sibekwe endaweni efudumele, ekhanyayo. Ukuvimbela umswakama ungashwibi ngokushesha okukhulu, mboza isitsha ngefilimu. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3, kuvela izithombo. Ifilimu iyasuswa, kepha inhlabathi ihlala ifafazwa. Lapho iziqu zikhula ngo-7 cm cm ubude, izithombo ziyantshontshela. Ekuqaleni, izitshalo zikhula kancane, kepha kancane kancane zikhula zibe ifu eliluhlaza okotshani.
Ukusika 8-10 cm ubude kunqunywa entwasahlobo. Zenziwe ngesihlabathi esimanzi ngaphansi kwesembozo esicacile. Kuyadingeka ukuqukatha izitshalo ezinokukhanya okumi kanye nokushisa kuka + 20 ... + 23 ° C. Izithombo zansuku zonke ziyadayiswa futhi ziyafafazwa. Isiqu sizosuswa kahle futhi siguqulwe kabusha ezinyangeni ezi-1-1,5, khona-ke indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa bese i-asparagus idluliselwa enhlabathini.
Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, ihlathi elikhulu lingahlukaniswa. Izinqubo ezilandelanayo ezinezimpande zazo zivame ukunqunywa. Zitshalwe ezimbizeni ezincane ezihlukile.
Ukutshala nokunakekela izitshalo
Izimpande neziqu ze-asparagus zikhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke zidlulisela imbali minyaka yonke. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokukhwabanisa ukuqala kwentwasahlobo. I-rhizome isuswa ebhodweni, umhlaba omdala uyasuswa futhi ingxenye yezinqubo ezingaphansi komhlaba iyanqunywa. Amagatsha amadala nawo ayasuswa. Maduze kuzovela amahlumela amancane. Imbiza kufanele ibanzi ngokwanele, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi iziqukathi eziqinile zivele ziqhume ngaphansi kwengcindezi yama-rhizomes. Inhlabathi yokutshala kukhethwe buthakathaka acidic, ixegayo futhi inempilo. Ingakhiwa ngezinto ezinjalo:
- inhlabathi eshidi;
- umhlabathi we-turf;
- isihlabathi.
Isibani Emvelweni, i-asparagus ikhula emthunzini wezihlahla ezishisayo, ngakho-ke izokoma ngaphansi kwelanga ngqo. Ukukhanya kufanele kube kukhanya, kepha kufiphale. Ekamelweni elimnyama, ama-cladodias aba aphuzi aphelelwe amandla. Imbiza ibekwa ekujuleni kwekamelo laseningizimu noma efasiteleni elisempumalanga (entshonalanga). Kuzoba nokukhanya okuncane egumbini elisenyakatho futhi kuyodingeka usebenzise isibani sangemuva.
Ukushisa Kukhanya kahle, izinga lokushisa lomoya elilungile lingu + 20 ... + 24 ° C. Ehlobo elishisayo, kuyasiza ukuthatha imbali ngaphandle uyiyise endaweni enomthunzi futhi uvikelekile emimoyeni enamandla. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, igumbi livame ukukhangiswa. Ebusika, ngokukhanya kosuku okufushane, ukupholisa ukufika ku-+ 10 ° C ngeke kuvume ukuthi amahlumela anwebe kakhulu.
Umswakama. I-Asparagus ingakhula ngomswakama ojwayelekile, kepha izothokoza ngokufafaza njalo nangokugeza. Ishawa efudumele isusa uthuli futhi ivimbele amagciwane.
Ukunisela. Kuyadingeka ukunisela i-asparagus kaningi nangokuningi. Amanzi avikelwe kahle ukuqeda i-chlorine. Umhlaba akufanele ukome ngaphandle, kepha amanzi awavunyelwe. Ngokuntuleka koketshezi enhlabathini, amaqabunga e-asparagus aphenduka aphuzi bese ewa. Lapho amazinga okushisa ehla, ukuthambisa kuyancipha ukuze ukhunta ungakhuli.
Umanyolo. I-Asparagus idliwa kuphela kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba. Sebenzisa isixazululo somanyolo wamaminerali wezitshalo zokuhlobisa nezisenqenayo. Ifakwa emhlabathini esikhundleni sokunisela kabili ngenyanga.
Ukwakhiwa komqhele. Isimo sokuthena ezinhlotsheni eziningi ze-asparagus sicacile. Kuqala ukukhula izinso ezingaphansi komhlaba, okuvela kuzo ihlumela. Uma isiqu sisikwe kubude obudingekayo, izinqubo ezilandelwayo ne-phyllocladia azakhiwa futhi intuthuko iyaqhubeka. Isitshalo sizoqala ukwakha ihlumela elisha. Kungagawulwa kuphela i-asparagus egulayo. Izinhlobo ezisele ziyasekelwa futhi ziqhamuka nezindlela zokusonta amahlumela ngokuhlobisa, noma ngabe zinde kangakanani. Sebenzisa ileli, okokuhlobisa, izinkomba ezivela kulayini wokudoba noma uvumele iziqu ukuthi zilenga kusuka ebhodweni le-cache. Esihlahleni esidala, izinqubo ezomile nezomile ziyanqunywa.
Izifo nezinambuzane. Kuphela ngokukhukhula kwenhlabathi isikhathi eside namazinga okushisa aphansi, i-asparagus ithinta ukubola kwezimpande. Ezinye izifo azisibi esitshalweni. Isilokazane esikhulu isigcawu. Ngokuvamile kuhlasela lapho umoya usha kakhulu futhi womile. Kwesinye isikhathi kwanele ukugeza amahlumela ngaphansi kwesishizi esishisayo (kufika ku-45 ° C). Ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ama-insecticides asetshenziswa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-asparagus
I-asparagus enhle ye-airy eluhlaza ithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi. Izimbiza ezinezitshalo zingatholakala emaphaseji nasemagumbini ezakhiwo zokuhlala, amahhovisi nezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Futhi, amahlumela aluhlaza anjengomuthi kaKhisimusi asikwa ukuhlobisa izimbali.
I-asparagus ejwayelekile isetshenziswa njengokudla. Le yi-asparagus eyaziwayo. Itshalwa engadini njengesitshalo semifino. Iziqu ezingaphansi komhlaba zivunwa (cishe ngo-18-20 cm) nge-bud engaphukile. Ama-Shots acebile ngamavithamini kanye nezinto ezisebenzayo. Zihlotshisiwe futhi zibilisiwe. Ukunambitha, isitsha singafaniswa nethanga eliluhlaza.
Izimpande ze-asparagus ziqukethe i-ascorbic acid, ama-saponins, i-alkaloid ye-asparagine, ama-coumarins, ama-amino acid kanye nosawoti wamaminerali. Ukusuka kubo yenza ama-decoctions kanye ne-infusions okusiza ukubhekana nokugula okulandelayo:
- jaundice
- ukungazali
- gout
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- i-tachycardia;
- isithuthwane
- rheumatism
Izidakamizwa zinobisi, i-diaphoretic, i-analgesic, i-antibacterial, imiphumela ye-immunomodulatory. Abantu abehlukahlukene basebenzise iminyaka engaphezu kuka-2 000.
