UPhilodendron uyisidina esihlala sikhona esihlala siluhlaza emndenini wakwa-Aroid. Ihlala emahlathini emvula aseLatin America, eMexico nase-Australia. Igama lihumusha ngokuthi "izihlahla zothando." Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izitshalo ezinesiqu esishintshashintshayo ehlathini eliminyene lasezindaweni ezishisayo kuphela ngokusebenzisa iziqu zezihlahla ezinde zingadabula ukukhanya. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-philodendron zitshalwa ezingadini ze-botanical noma zokugcina izithombo ezikhethekile, kepha ezinye zazo zishintshwa ezimweni zangaphakathi. Ukubanakekela kulula kakhulu, ngisho nomlimi wezimbali onolwazi oluncane uzobhekana nakho.
Incazelo yezitshalo
Uhlobo lwe-philodendron luhluke kakhulu. Izitshalo zingahluka kakhulu komunye nomunye. Kunezindlela zama-epiphytic, semi-epiphytic nezasemhlabeni, kanye nama-lianas nezihlahla eziguqukayo. I-rhizome yesitshalo ingaphezulu kakhulu futhi ihlume kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwezimpande ezansi kwesiqu, izimpande zomoya zakha indlela ngayinye. Zisetshenziselwa ukunamathisela ekusekelweni nasemandleni. Ngenxa yezinwele ezinhle kakhulu, izimpande zingaqhuma futhi zinamathele esiqwini.
Isiqu se-philodendron mude, kodwa kunalokho mncane. Sikhula ngamasentimitha ambalwa ukuya kumamitha ayi-2-3. Ingxenye engezansi yesuxeka kancane kancane ihlanganiswa futhi imbozwe ngegxolo elinsundu. Izinkuni ziba mnene kangangokuba ukusekelwa akusafuneki.
I-Foliage inomphumela omuhle wokuhlobisa. Ikhula futhi emigqonyeni emide. Ubude bethafa leqabunga bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2. Amaqabunga anomumo obunjiwe, obunjwe ngomcibisholo, ongabonakali noma wesundu. Ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwempilo, ukwakheka kwamaqabunga, noma kwesinye isitshalo esisodwa, kuyashintsha kaningana. Ngaphezu kobuhlakani obujwayelekile be-petiole, i-philodendron ikhula ama-cataphillas - amaqabunga e-scaly asebenza njengesivikelo kumahlumela ehlaza izimbali. Lapho amaqabunga ewela esiqwini, ama-recesses ahlala esezingeni lokunamathiselwa kwe-petioles.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ama-inflorescence ayi-1-11 ngesimo sendlebe angaqhakaza esitshalweni esisodwa. Akhiwe yedwa noma eqenjini. Indlebe esembhedeni omfishane omfushane une-green green, ukhilimu noma umbala opinki. Ikhula ibe ngu-25 cm ubude. Engxenyeni yayo ephezulu, izimbali zesilisa zokuzala ziyakhula. Ngemuva kwesikhashana esifushane sezimbali eziyizigaxa, izimbali zabesifazane zikhula khona kanye ezansi. Emaceleni we-inflorescence isembozo sikakhilimu noma umbala obomvu.
I-philodendron iphoqothwa izimbungulu ezikhethekile zesinkwa namagilebhisi. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali zesilisa akuhambelani nomsebenzi wezimbali zabesifazane, ngenxa yalokho, uma kungukuthi impova, ama-inflorescence amaningana aqhakaza ngezikhathi ezihlukene ayadingeka. I-cob kuqala ikhula ngokuqondile futhi ifihlwe kancane yisembozo, bese iyagoba, bese isembozo sisuswa. Ngemuva kokuvota okuphumelelayo, ibuyela endaweni ethe nkqo futhi imbozwe ngokuphelele yiqweqwe. Izithelo ngesimo amajikijolo ayindilinga ayakwazi ukuvuthwa kuze kube unyaka. Sonke lesi sikhathi, ikhukhamba ifihlwe ngokuqinile ngaphansi kwesembozo. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zimhlophe, ziluhlaza okotshani noma ziphuzi. Ngayinye iqukethe imbewu encane kakhulu, eminyene.
Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo
Uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-philodendron lunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-400. Ake sicabangele ezinye zazo.
UPhilodendron warty. Inhlobonhlobo ethandwa kakhulu yokuhlobisa enamahlumela athambile athambile. Amacembe ama-Velvety petiolate akhula ngo-15-20 cm ubude nobubanzi obuyi-10 cm. Ipuleti leqabunga elinomzimba onenhliziyo enomthungo onzima lidwetshwe luhlaza okotshani ngephethini elinsundu elinsundu emithanjeni. I-inflorescence ifihlekile ngaphansi kombhede ophuzi wombala obude obungu-6,7 cm.
Philodendron blush. Amahlumela amancane abuthakathaka akhula abe ngu-cm angama-180. Njengoba enesibindi, aphenduka isiqu esiqinile esime mpo. Amaqabunga ahlanganisiwe onqenqemeni olukhonjisiwe akhula aze abe ngu-30 cm ubude futhi afinyelele ku-25 cm ububanzi. Ingxenye yeqabunga icwebezelayo, iluhlaza okotshani. Uhlangothi lwefliphu lune-tint ebomvu.
Ukugibela i-philodendron. Umvini oguqukayo onesiqu esincane uvame ukutshala njengesitshalo se-ampel. Imbozwe ngamaqabunga amakhulu amise okwenhliziyo afinyelela ku-15 cm ubude aze afinyelela ku-10 cm ububanzi.
I-athomu yePhilodendron. Isitshalo esingathandeki kakhulu esinesiqu esifushane, esifushane. Ikhula ngokuhlobisa amaqabunga anezici ezinhlanu ezinemiphetho ye-wavy. Amapheshana aluhlaza acwebezelayo aluhlaza afinyelela kubude obungama-30 cm.
I-Philodendron ivy. Isitshalo esihuqayo sikhula sifinyelele kumamitha ayi-6. Simbozwa ngamaqabunga ajwayelekile enhliziyo enomzimba onesikhumba noma indawo ecwebezelayo efinyelela ku-30 cm ubude. Amahlamvu anombala oluhlaza okotshani. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ama-cobs abomvu ambozwe ngeveli eliluhlaza okotshani. Izithelo - amajikijolo aluhlaza ayindilinga aluhlaza.
UPhilodendron Sello (bicinosus). Kancane kancane iziqu ezinesiqu esifinyelela ku-3 m zimbozwe ngamaqabunga angunxantathu noma abunjiwe yinhliziyo kuma-petioles amade. Ipuleti lamaqabunga lihlakazeke ngokujulile futhi lithatha ukwakheka okubunjiwe kabili. Ubude bawo bufika ku-90 cm. Umbala ongaphezulu uluhlaza okotshani noma onsomi ngokuhlaza.
UPhilodendron ufana nesiginci. Umvini othanda amanzi afinyelela kumamitha ayi-2. Isiqu esishintshashintshayo sidinga ukusekelwa okuthembekile. Amahlamvu aluhlaza omnyama ocwebezelayo lapho esemncane afana nezinhliziyo ezinde, kepha kancane kancane ancipha phakathi futhi aze afane nesigingci.
Philodendron lobed. Lolu hlobo lwe-creeper lunobukhulu obukhulu, yize bukhona nezimo. Kuyo ikhula amaqabunga e-emerald efomu le-ovoid akhula. Lapho lesi sitshalo sikhula, amahlamvu aqhekeka kuqala ngabathathu, kamuva ngamasheya ama-5. Ubude bamaqabunga buyi-30-40 cm.
UPhilodendron Evans. Isitshalo esikhanyayo esihle ngokubabazekayo sithandwa ngamaqabunga amahle angama-60-80 cm ubude nobubanzi obungu-40-50 cm. Amaqabunga acwebezelayo acwebezelayo wesimo esingunxantathu noma omile ngenhliziyo anemiphetho ye-wavy. Amahlamvu amancane aluhlaza onsundu ngama-veins aluhlaza okhanyayo. Njengoba zikhula, amaqabunga ajika abe luhlaza.
I-Philodendron radiant. Umvini okhula ngokushesha uthobekile. Liyi-1.5-3 m ubude. Kumaqabunga, amaqabunga aqine, angahlakazeki akhula aze afike ku-20 cm ubude.
UPhilodendron unomusa. Isitshalo esikhulu, esinamandla esinegobhothi elilodwa eliguquguqukayo sikhula kahle amaqabunga angama-oval angama-45-70 cm. Amaqabunga amaqabunga ahlakazekile ngokujulile futhi adwetshwe eluhlaza obumnyama. Indlebe isongwe ngendwangu eluhlaza enokhilimu enomngcele wepinki.
UPhilodendron Xanadu. Ama-liana anezimpawu ezinamaqabunga amakhulu amade anemibala eluhlaza okotshani. Ubude beplate yeqabunga bufinyelela ku-40 cm. Amaqabunga athambile ekugcineni athole ukwakheka kwezimpaphe.
I-Philodendron Skandens. Isitshalo esinama-curly, amahlumela aguquguqukayo akhula kahle emthunzini nasentanjeni ethile. Imbozwe ngamahlamvu aluhlaza okomiswe ngenhliziyo nge-sheen ecwebezelayo. Ubude beqabunga bungama-9-16 cm.
Ukusakazeka nokutshala i-philodendron
Njengoba ngaphansi kwezimo zasendlini, ama-philodendrons aqhakaza kakhulu, futhi ekutshaleni imbewu, kuyadingeka izitshalo eziningana, izimbali zasendlini zikhulisa ngendlela yezitshalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa iziqu noma iziqu ze-apical. Amahlumela athenwa njalo ukuze anciphise ukukhula kwesiqu okuso. Ama-cutways aphumelelayo anama-2-3 internode abekwa ngokuqondile enhlabathini enesihlabathi se-peat noma angcwatshwe engela lama-30 ° -45 °. Isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu futhi sigcinwa emazingeni okushisa angama- + 25 ° C nangaphezulu. Uma ama-Internode esivele enezimpande ze-aerial, khona-ke ukubamba kwezimpawu kuzoba ngokushesha okukhulu. Imvamisa inqubo ithatha izinsuku ezingama-7-30.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinesiqu esime mpo, esigobeka ngokushesha zisakazwa ngokuhlelwa okuvundlile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-bark ohlangothini lokudutshulwa ilimele futhi isongwe nge-sphagnum. I-moss ihlanganiswa njalo. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3, lapho izimpande zivela, inqubo inganqunywa futhi itshalwe ebhodweni elihlukile. Kungenzeka futhi ukusabalalisa i-philodendron usebenzisa ukusikwa kwamaqabunga ngesithende nezinso.
Ukutshala kanye nokufakelwa kwezitshalo kwenziwa okungenani kanye eminyakeni emi-3. Kwenze ngoFebhuwari-Mashi. Kukhethwa imbiza ebumbene ngokwanele yokutshala, ngoba i-liana izizwa ingcono esitsheni esiqinile. Umhlaba wokutshala kumele ukhulule futhi uphefumule, ngoba ezinye izitshalo zihlala ezihlahleni. Inhlabathi esindayo iqondiswe kubo. I-acidity ye-substrate kumele ingathathi hlangothi noma i-acidic kancane.
Ingxube yomhlabathi ingahlanganiswa nenhlabathi yengadi, izingcezu zokhuni lwamaphayini, i-peat lowland, isihlabathi noma i-perlite. I-philodendron nayo ikhula kahle esihlabathini, emacembe nakuma-turf land. Ukuze izimpande zingahlushwa ukubola, kunconywa ukuthi ungeze i-moss encane namalahle emhlabathini. Ngokushesha nje emva kokutshala, imbali ibekwa endaweni enomthunzi futhi inisela iyancishiswa. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, uvumelana nezimo.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
UPhilodendron uzodinga ukunaka kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akathobeki futhi angaphila ngisho nesikhathi samaholide esifushane sabaninizo. Lapho uthatha isinqumo sokutshala lesi sitshalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ungafundi imithetho yokunakekela kuphela, kepha futhi nokwabela indawo umvini. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-philodendron ithatha isikhala esikhulu.
Isibani Umuntu ohlala ehlathini lemvula uvame ukukhula emthunzini oyingxenye, kepha uthambekele elangeni. Kungcono ukuyibeka eduze kwewindi lasempumalanga noma entshonalanga. Ukukhanya okukhanyisiwe okuhle kuzokwenza. Amaqabunga adinga ukuvikelwa elangeni eliqondile. Ekamelweni elimnyama kakhulu, balahlekelwa umbala wabo ogqamile.
Ukushisa Izinga lokushisa lomoya elilungile le-philodendron lingu + 17 ... + 24 ° C. Ayikubekezeleli ukuguquguquka okungazelelwe kokushisa okunguhlaka nezinhlaka. Ebusika, ukupholisa okuncane, okubushelelezi kuvunyelwe, kepha hhayi ngaphansi kuka + 13 ° C. Ekushiseni kwehlobo, igumbi livame ukukhishwa, futhi umqhele ufafazwa njalo.
Umswakama. Izitshalo zikhula kangcono ngomswakama ophezulu. Zifafazwa nsuku zonke kwibhodlela lokufafazwa. Kufanele futhi ugcobe ukusekela nokubeka amaphallet ngamanzi nodaka olunwebekile olumanzi eduze kwembiza. Ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlobisa zizwelana kakhulu nomoya owomile kangangokuba zingamila kuphela emagumbini okugcina izithombo. Zonke izinhlobo zidinga ukugeza njalo, ngoba uthuli lwenza kube nzima ukushintshanisa nomoya.
Ukunisela. I-philodendron yamanzi kaningi nangokuningi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amanzi ahlanzeke kahle, afudumele. Ukugcwala ngokweqile ngokushesha ngemuva kokuniselwa kususwe epanini. Inhlabathi akufanele inyakazwe, kepha kufanele ihlale imanzi kancane. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ukuthambisa kuyancishiswa.
Umanyolo. Ukusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba, izikhathi ezingama-2-4 ngenyanga, umanyolo wenziwa ngengxube eyenziwe kahle kakhulu emzimbeni. Sebenzisa umthamo ojwayelekile ongu-30-50%. Ukuphela konyaka, i-philodendron isuthiswa izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngenyanga ngesakhiwo samaminerali. Izitshalo ezincane enhlabathini evundile azondliwa kaningi. Amafomu ahlukahlukene awakwazi ukuvundiswa ngezinhlanganisela ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen.
Izifo nezinambuzane. Uma ulandela imithetho yokunakekelwa, i-philodendron ayihlushwa izifo zezitshalo. Lapho inhlabathi igcwala, ukubola kwezimpande kungakhula. Kwesinye isikhathi imikhaza, izimbuzane zesigcawu noma izihlakala kungavela emaqabungeni nakumahlumela. Susa kubo ngokufafaza ngama-insecticides.
