IFireweed iyi-herbaceous perennial emndenini waseCyprian. Kuyathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu ngaphansi kwamagama u-Ivan-itiye, itiye likaKuril, utshani obandayo, i-hemp yasendle, isicishamlilo, ijacket yangaphansi. Lesi sitshalo sivame kakhulu esimweni sezulu esifudumele sase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Ungahlangana naye emaphethelweni ehlathi nasemisebeni yelanga. I-Fireweed iyisitshalo sendawo yonke. Ngezimbali zayo, cishe izinyanga ezimbili iguqula isiza sibe ifu eliqinile lepinki, elivumela izinyosi ukuthi ziqoqe umpe wokupholisa noju olumnandi. Ungakhuluma ngezindawo zokuphilisa ezenziwe ngomlilo isikhathi eside kakhulu kepha ungacabangi ngayinye. Lezi zimfanelo zenza u-Ivan-itiye nje abe yisitshalo esingenakuphikwa esizeni.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Fireweed iyisitshalo se-herbaceous esingapheli, esingafani nonyaka esiphakeme ngo-40-150 cm. I-rhizome ikhula ngokujulile futhi ibanzi. Kwakha amaphuzu okukhula amasha kanye namahlumela amaningi aseceleni. Iziqu ezinezihlahla ezinamandla azinalutho noma zinobumba obukhulu. Kuzo, kuya phezulu, eduze komunye nomunye, amaqabunga alandelayo akhula. Bahlala baqina esihlahleni noma babe ne-petioles emfushane.
Amapuleti weqabunga le-oval noma aqondile aqondiswa ekugcineni. Ubude bawo buyi-4-12 cm nobubanzi obuyi-7-20 mm. Onqenqemeni lwepheshana eliluhlaza okotshani noma oluhlaza okotshani kukhona amazinyo amancane. Uhlangothi lwefliphu luvame ukumbozwa ngenqwaba emfushane ye-injongo.
NgoJulayi, izimbali ziqoqwe ngamaphaneli okukhulu ngaphezulu kwesiqalo sembali. Baqhubeka izinsuku ezingama-30-50. Ama-corollas amancane ajwayelekile aqukethe ama-petals ayi-8 ahlelwe ngemigqa emi-2. Banesimo esiyindilinga noma sikwele. Ama-petals apendwe ngombala omhlophe, opinki noma oyipele. Ububanzi bentyatyambo bungama-25-30 mm. Izimbali zihambisana nephunga elinamandla loju.
Ngo-Agasti-Septhemba, izithelo zivuthwa - amakhompiyutha enzalo abilayo angamakhompiyutha, afana pods. Imbewu emincane evundayo enobuso obushelelezi ine-villi ende, emfishane efana ne-crest. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ziyavuleka nomoya uthwala imbewu ibanga elide.
Izinhlobo zokucisha umlilo
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-220 ezibhalisiwe kuhlobo lwe-fireweed. Iningi lazo zitholakala endle kuphela, emasikweni izinhlobo ezilandelayo zivame ukukhula kakhulu.
I-Narrow leaf fireweed (itiye le-Ivan). I-herbaceous perennial 50-150 cm ukuphakama inezimpande eziqinile ezinwabuzelayo ezakha inani elikhulu lezinqubo. Isiqu esiqondile sihlwanyelwe buthakathaka. Imbozwe ngokuqinile ngamaqabunga aluhlaza aphethwe yi-lanceolate. Amahlamvu akhula njalo futhi ahlakazeka ngokungahleliwe eduze kwesiqu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukulandelela i-helix eyodwa. Amacembe aluhlaza okotshani noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akhula abe ngu-4-12 cm ubude no-0.7-2 cm ububanzi. Emaphethelweni, amaqabunga ambozwe izindlala ezincane ezinwebekile, kuthi lapho ngaphansi komhlaba zithole umbala obomvu onsomi noma opinki. Izimbali ze-bisexual ziyafika ku-3 cm ubukhulu eziqhakaza maphakathi noJulayi. Aqoqwe ngebhulashi elivulekile eli-10-45 cm ubude esicibeni. Izimbali ezinamaphalishi athambile apinki noma amhlophe obovate ahlala kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo. NgoSepthemba, izithelo ziyavuthwa - ama-achenes aklanyelwe ngogologo ngembewu emincane evundile.
I-Fireweed enoboya. Isitshalo esinokuphakama okungama-0.5-1,5 m sihlukaniswa impande eyindilinga futhi sakha iziqu ezihlotshisiwe. Kuwo wonke umhlaba wehlumela kukhona inqwaba ye-perpendicular glandular. Amaqabunga e-petiole aphikisayo yi-oval noma i-lanceolate ezinhlangothini ezimbozwe ngamazinyo. Ingaphezulu lawo ezinhlangothini zombili libuye lihle. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza ngawodwa kuma-axils amaqabunga aphezulu. Inkomishi ngesimo sensimbi esikiwe enobubanzi obungu-2-2,5 cm iqukethe amacembe we-lilac, onsomi noma omnyama opinki omnyama. Pestle kukhona indandatho yababusi. Ngemuva kokuvota, ibhokisi lembewu ukukhula okungu-4-10 cm ubude, kufana ne-pod evulekile.
I-Fireweed (i-Ivan itiye) ebanzi. Isitshalo yi-Hardy kunazo zonke. Kutholakala ezindaweni ezihlala ama-arctic ne-subarctic. Ama-shoot angama-50-70 cm ubude ambozwe ngamaqabunga abanzi noma awomkhonto onqenqemeni. Ubude beqabunga buyi-10 cm. Isiqu nemaphethelo amaqabunga apendiwe ku-mauve nase-pubescent ngenqwaba emfushane. Izimbali ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence e -hlanga. Ziqukethe amacembe amnyama apinki amnyama. Ububanzi be-corolla bufika ku-3-5 cm.
I-Alpine ikhishwe ngomlilo. I-Grass 3-15 cm ukuphakama inezimpande zefilatera futhi iziqu eziqondile, ezingabanjwanga ezinobuso obushelelezi. Amacembe anqunu aphikisana nefomu elibanzi le-lanceolate nezimbali ezincane ezi-pinkish zikhula kubo.
I-Fireweed Glaberrium. Utshani bezintaba ezikhula kancane obeneziqu zokuhlala eziyi-10-90 cm ukuphakama. Amahlumela akha ukhaphethi oqhubekayo emhlabathini. Amacembe aluhlaza aluhlaza okhula ngokuhlukile. NgoJuni-Agasti, izimbali ezipinki, ezimhlophe noma ezibomvu ziyaqhakaza ngendlela yensimbi evulekile.
Izindlela zokuzala
I-Ivan-itiye lisatshalaliswa yimbewu nezindlela zemifino. Imbewu ikhethwe okusha. NgoMashi, izithombo zikhulwe kuqala kubo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungiselela amabhokisi enhlabathi evundile, evundile. Ingxube yesihlabathi, i-peat neqabunga i-humus kufanelekile. Imbewu encane isatshalaliswa phezulu, icindezelwe kancane ngombusi bese ifafazwa. Ibhokisi limbozwe ngento ebonakalayo futhi ibekwe endaweni enokhanyayo kahle enamazinga okushisa + 18 ... + 25 ° C. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-6. Izithombo ezinamaqabunga ama-2 angempela atshalwa ezimbizeni ezihlukile. Ukufakelwa endaweni evulekile, ngokuya ngesifunda, kwenziwa ngoMeyi-Juni, lapho kusungulwa isimo sezulu esifudumele njalo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo ziqine emigwaqweni isonto lonke. Kufanele itshalwe ngosuku olunamafu noma emvuleni elincane ukuze izithombo zingathwali yilanga elishisayo. Maphakathi nehlobo, ubude bamahlumela bufika ku-10-12 cm. Izimbali zizokwenzeka ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ngokusakazeka kokutshala imifino, indlela yokuhlukanisa i-rhizome isetshenzisiwe. Kungcono ukukwenza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Isitshalo esikhulu siyabiyelwa esizeni sayo noma endaweni eyihlathi. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinqubo ezivundlile zingabekwa kumamitha ayi-1.5 ukusuka ekuhlolweni okuyinhloko. Impande ebunjiwe ihlanzwa ngokucophelela emhlabathini futhi amatshe ahlukaniswe. Isahluko ngasinye kufanele okungenani sibe nephuzu lokukhula. Indawo esikiwe iphathwa ngomlotha futhi ngokushesha watshala ucezu lokhuni emhlabathini olumanzi.
Imithetho Yokunakekela
I-Fireweed ithathwa njengesitshalo esingenakuzithoba. Ukhula kahle ngokunganakekelwa. Ngokutshala, kufanele ukhethe izindawo ezivulekile elangeni noma isithunzi esincane. Ngakho-ke, ukuthi iziqu ezinde aziqhekeki emoyeni, itiye le-Ivan litshalwe eduze kothango noma ezindongeni zezindlu. I-rhizome yayo ezinwabuzelayo inolaka impela futhi idinga ukukhawulelwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, indawo ebanjwayo ikhawulelwe ku-slate noma amashidi epulasitiki abiwe emhlabathini aze abe yi-1 m ukujula.
Umhlabathi wokutshala kumele ukhululeke futhi uvunde ngokulinganayo. Kunconywa ukufaka umlotha kuyo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. I-Fireweed ikhula kahle kakhulu emikhakheni yangaphambili, ngakho abalimi bavame ukwenza umlilo kusayithi.
Isitshalo sidinga ukuthambisa njalo. Uma kungekho kwezulu kanye nangezinsuku ezishisayo, liniselwa kabili ngesonto. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu kusihlwa, ukuze ilanga lingashisi amaqabunga nezimbali ngamaconsi amanzi.
Izitshalo akudingi ukondla njalo. Kusetshenziswa inhlabathi ephelayo kuphela entwasahlobo lapho kuqaliswa khona amaminerali. Kunconywa ukuba kukhululwe inhlabathi ezimpandeni njalo ngenyanga ukuze kube ngcono. Izitshalo ezisencane zidinga ukuvikela ukhula. Esikhathini esizayo, ukhula ngeke lusakhathaza umlimi.
Ekwindla, ingxenye yomhlabathi isikwa ibe ngu-15 cm ubude. Ngokulindela ubusika obungenamakhaza, obandayo, inhlabathi engenhla yezimpande imbozwe ngamahlamvu omile noma ngamagatsha akhula ngesihlahla sonwele, kodwa umlilo wasebusika kahle ngaphandle kokucasha.
Isitshalo siyamelana nezifo. Ezindaweni ezimanzi kuphela, ezinomthunzi lapho ihlushwa khona i-powdery isikhutha, umlenze omnyama nokubola kwezimpande. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-aphid nezicabucabu zihlala emaqabungeni. Ezindlulamithi, izitshalo zifafazwa ngesisombululo sensipho. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungasebenzisi ama-insecticides lapho ukutholwa kwempahla eluhlaza okwenziwa khona.
Ukwakheka nezakhiwo zokwelapha ze-Ivan-itiye
Amaqabunga, izimbali nezimpande zogesi owenziwe ngomlilo zisetshenziswa emithini yabomdabu njengomuthi. Ingxenye yomhlabathi ivunwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali. Ngokushesha lapho kudlule amazolo, ayanqunywa, yomiswe emthunzini emoyeni ovulekile, bese ichotshozwa bese igcinwa emasakeni endwangu unyaka. Izimpande zembiwa ngoSepthemba. Kugezwa kahle bese komile.
I-Ivan itiye icebile kulezi zinto ezisebenzayo ezilandelayo:
- ama-tannins;
- ama-carbohydrate;
- flavonoids;
- i-pectin;
- ukulandelela izinto (i-iron, manganese, ithusi);
- ama-macrocell (potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium);
- amavithamini.
Njengoba igama lisho, umuthi ulungiswa ngendlela ye-decoction. Kukhishwa amanzi aqukethe inani elikhulu kakhulu lezakhamzimba. I-Fireweed ine-antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, astringent, sedative, antipyretic, hypnotic, vasoconstrictive and analgesic.
Akudingekile ukuyiphuza njengomuthi ezifundweni. Abanye abantu bamane esikhundleni setiye nekhofi lejwayelekile ngalesi sinqumo. Isidakamizwa esinjalo siqinisa umzimba, sisiza ukulwa nomkhuhlane kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa. Ngisho nodokotela batusa ukuphuza ivan ivan ye-anemia, cholecystitis, hepatitis, cystitis, umkhuhlane, izifo ezithinta ukuphefumula, i-gout, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-Cardioneurosis.
Isiphuzo sithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabesilisa futhi ngesizathu esihle. Ngosizo lwayo, ukuvimbela i-prostatitis, i-adenoma yenzalo, ukuzala, ukungabi namandla nokunye ukuphazamiseka kocansi kuyenziwa.
Abaningi baphuza i-ivan itiye nganoma yisiphi isamba ngaphandle kwemiphumela, kepha kulabo abathambekele kokungezwani komzimba, umthamo wokuqala kufanele wenziwe ngokuqapha. Futhi, ungasisebenzisi kabi isiphuzo sabantu abanokwanda kwegazi okukhulayo, abesifazane abakhulelwe nababolekayo, kanye nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6.
Ngabe kusetshenziswa kuphi futhi lapho kusetshenziswa umlilo?
IFireweed ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuphekeni. Amahlamvu omisiwe afakwa ezitsheni zenyama, amasaladi kanye nesobho njengephunga elimnandi. Utshani obusha obusha, njengezimbabazane, ungezwa kuma-borsch nakwezinye izobho.
Amathikithi omlilo osondelene ne-apiary abalulekile. Isitshalo isitshalo esihle sikaju. Ehlobo, kusuka ngehektha elilodwa, izinyosi zizolanda amakhilogremu angama-400-800 ka umpe. Uju olwenziwe ngomlilo lunempilo enhle, lunothile ngezinto ezisebenzayo namavithamini. Kukhona isincomo sokuqinisa ukungatheleleki, ukulwa nokuqhekeka kwezinzwa kanye nokuqwasha. Uju olusanda kuvunwa luwuketshezi futhi luphuzi ngombala. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, umkhiqizo uyakhala futhi ufane nekhilimu eshayiwe. Iphunga limnandi kakhulu, futhi ukunambitheka kumnandi, kuthambile.
Ukuhlobisa ingadi, i-fireweed itshalwe ngamaqembu aseduze kwendlela, ngemuva kwensimu yezimbali, ezivandeni zamadwala, nasemabhange aphezulu ezinto ezintsha zamanzi. Izimpande ziqinisa kahle inhlabathi ezigodini nasezintangeni. I-inflorescences efana namakhandlela yakha i-airy pink haze ngenhla kwethafa. Isitshalo sihlanganiswa nezimbali zesambulela ukufezekisa ukuhlukahluka kwejometri.
