Uma ubuka imidwebo emihle yokusiza yezindonga, imigwaqo ehamba ngezinyawo uthango, akunakucabanga ukuthi konke kwenziwa ngezinto ezijwayelekile - ukhonkolo. Kepha izembatho zanamuhla, ngokungafani "nokhokho" wazo, owaziwa ngokubonakala grey okusobala, une-aesthetics ekhethekile. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo, ukhonkolo wokuhlobisa awusetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kuphela, kepha nasendleleni eyakhiwe ngayo.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukhonkolo wokuhlobisa wawusetshenziswa amaMelika ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-60s yekhulu lokugcina ekwakhiweni komgwaqo owenziwa ezindlini zezindiza zezempi. Bebebhekene nomsebenzi wokwenza impahla yokwakha ehlanganisa ngempumelelo zombili ukusebenza okuhle nezimpawu zokuhlobisa. Izinto ezibonakalayo, ezazihlanganisa usimende, amanzi, ukuhlanganisa, upende kanye nezengezo, zihambisana ngokuphelele nalezi zidingo ngakho-ke zazisetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi.
Namuhla, ukhonkolo wokuhlobisa ungabonakala emapaki ezimoto, emigwaqweni nasezindleleni, eziteshini zangaphansi komhlaba. Kusetshenziselwa ukubuyiselwa kwezikhumbuzo zezakhiwo.
Ngenxa yemizamo yonjiniyela namuhla, ukhonkolo wokuhlobisa unezinzuzo eziningi ezingenakuphikwa, okuyizinto eziyinhloko zazo:
- Ukumelana nemiphumela yemikhiqizo kaphethiloli, amakhemikhali nezinto ezihlukumezanayo;
- Amandla okubekezelela umthwalo (amahlandla ama-2-3 ngaphezu kwama-slabs acindezelwe);
- Ukuqina kwe-UV kanye namandla okubekezelela imijikelezo yamahhala engama-300;
- Amandla okubekezelela ushintsho lokushisa kububanzi ukusuka ku-40 ° C kuya ku- + 40 ° C;
- Ukumelana nokuxhashazwa nokucindezelwa kwento.
Kusetshenziswa ukhonkolo ocindezelwe, izindwangu ezinhle kakhulu nokho ezihlala isikhathi eside zingakhiwa. Izithasiselo ezikhethekile eziyingxenye yezinto ezibonakalayo zisiza ukuvikela ukuqhekeka nokuqhekeka komhlaba.
Ngokungafani ukhonkolo ojwayelekile, ubuchwepheshe babo obuncitshiselwa ukuthulula okujwayelekile, ukhonkolo wokuhlobisa uhlanganisa ukufaka iphethini ethile ungqimba oluphezulu ngemuva kokuthululelwa kokugcina.
Ukufa okuhlukahlukene namanye amathuluzi akhethekile asetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ingaphezulu. Izitayela, isikhunta samakhemikhali anesihlabathi futhi afaka ukuvumela ukuba wenze imihlobiso eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi imigqa emincane eyenziwe ngamasaha anezici zamadayimane iyakwazi ukunikeza ukucaca nokucaca kwesithombe.
Ungasisebenzisa kanjani lesi simangaliso ekwakhiweni kwesayithi
Besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokwenza izinto ezenziwe ngokhonkolo, abakhiqizi bakhiqiza izinto ezikwazi ukudala umphumela wamatshe hhayi wemvelo kuphela, kodwa nezokhuni, izitini, amathayili okuhlobisa nezinye izinto zokusiza.
Ekwakhiweni komhlaba, ukhonkolo wokuhlobisa usetshenziswa ekuhlelweni kwezindawo zokungcebeleka, ukwakheka kwezindlela zasengadini kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokulungisa izingadi
Ukhonkolo onjalo awulungele kuphela ukuhlelwa kwezindawo nezindlela. Kusetshenziswa ekwakheni uthango nasekwenzeni amafomu amancane wokwakha.
Ezicijile kakhonkolo zokuhlobisa zingaba nanoma iyiphi indawo, kusukela ezitini zendabuko naselitsheni, futhi ziqedwe ngokulingiswa kwe-Parthenon bas-reliefs.
Ama-balusters amahle, angaphandle afana nezinsika eziphansi, kanye nezitimela ezinomusa aziphansi ngobuhle kwizibalo zemabula nezimbali ze-alabaster
Ama-balusters enziwe ngokhonkolo abukeka kahle njengothango lwama-arbor kanye nama-verandas, asekela ezitimela. Izinsika ezinesizungu ezisontwe izitshalo ezikhuphukayo, izimbali zekhonkrithi phansi nezintombi zezimbali zingenza umhlobiso omuhle wensimu. Isiphethu esenziwe ngokhonkolo sizoba endaweni yokubuka.
Amabhentshi engadi abunjwe ngokhonkolo ezinye zezakhiwo ezingasebenza kakhulu engadini. Ngokuya ngesitayela sokubulawa, angafakwa kalula ekwakhiweni komhlaba, okwenza ukwengeza okuhle kusayithi.
Leli bhentshi lokuhlobisa ngokhonkolo lokuhlobisa lihlanganisa ubuhle nokusebenziseka - kuhlala kuhle ukuhlala phansi uphumule kukho
Izinhlobo zezinto zokuqeda
Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokhonkolo wokuhlobisa zihlukaniswa ngokuya ngezinketho zezakhi zento kanye nomphumela owudalayo.
Ukhonkolo onemibala
Uhla lombala wokupenda umbala osetshenziswa ekwenziweni kokhonkolo wokuhlobisa, uneemithunzi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabili.
Ngenxa yephalethi elinemibala ebanzi, ukhonkolo onemibala uyakwazi ukufezekisa ngempumelelo ukwakheka kwezakhiwo nezimbali zendawo engaphansi komhlaba, usebenza njengomhlobiso ofanele umgwaqo wokufinyelela, indawo yokupaka nezindlela zegadi
Ukuthola ukhonkolo onemibala, abakhiqizi basebenzisa imibala ekhethekile yokufaka imibala, okuthi, ngenxa ye-hardener ekhethekile, bakwazi ukugcina ukushesha kombala ngisho nasezimeni zomthelela omubi emvelweni. Imvamisa, imibala enjalo inama-oxide nosawoti wezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ukunikeza ukhonkolo i-tint eluhlaza okotshani, i-chromium oxide iyangezwa, ibomvu - i-iron oxide, ne-violet - manganese oxide.
Mbumbulu itshe lemvelo
Kusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuqamba kwamadayimane amasha, abakhiqizi bangakhiqiza ukhonkolo, obangela umphumela wokuhambisana ngokuphelele nezinto ezivele ngezinto ezenziwe ngemvelo zemvelo ezibekwe eminyakeni engamakhulu edlule.
Ezandleni zenkosi ezinekhono, ukhonkolo uyakwazi ukuthatha uhlobo lwanoma iyiphi into engokwemvelo, noma ngabe kungamatshe ahlanganayo, isitini, isitshe, itshe lesibabule ngisho nomabula
Ukulingisa kuyakholelwa kangangokuba ngisho nokuhlolisiswa kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi kuyitshe lemvelo noma yikhophi lawo elenziwe ngobuchule.
Imbobo Ehlanganisiwe
Ikhonkrithi yokuhlobisa enesakhiwo esikhanyayo idalwa ngokungeza okuhlanganisiwe okuhlanganisiwe ekwakhekeni. Umphumela ofiselekayo utholakala ngokudalula okusanhlamvu okuza ngemuva ngemuva kokukhishwa ngamathuluzi noma izixazululo ezikhethekile zeleya ephezulu.
Ikhonkrithi elinjalo lokuhlobisa lingashintsha umgwaqo ojwayelekile ube yindawo yakudala yokuya endaweni, bese kuvulandi kuvuleke indawo yaseSpain ebabazekayo
Lapho wenza ukhonkolo ngesakhiwo sokusiza, kusetshenziswa ama-aggregates emabula aqhekekile, i-granite, i-anthracite, i-limestone ne-basalt. Izindawo ezihlaba umxhwele zitholakala kusetshenziswa izifinyezo ze-grey, red and pink shades.
Ikhonkrithi yokuhlobisa eyenzelwe wena
Ikhonkrithi yokuhlobisa ilungele ukuhlela izindlela zokuhamba nokuhlobisa ingadi. Njengoba inezici ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, iyajabulisa kakhulu ngobuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kwokhonkolo kulungele ukuhlanza, futhi kuyamelana namafutha namafutha. Amapulatifomu kanye nama-alleys enamathela anjalo awadingi ukufaka umngcele, ngakho-ke ungonga okuncane ekwakhiweni.
Amapulatifomu kanye nama-alleys ane-coating enje akadingi ukufaka umngcele, ngakho-ke ungonga okuncane ekwakhiweni
Uma ufisa, ukhonkolo wokuhlobisa ungenziwa ngezandla zakho. Ingxube eyomile kanye nefomu lokulungiselela kwayo kungathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo sehadiwe.
Inketho yomklamo incike ekuthandayo. Ngokuthengisiwe ungathola amafomu epulasitiki noma abicah, kufaka phakathi inhlanganisela yama-rhombuse nezigcawu, imidwebo "fan", "exec", "isikhumba sezilwane", "basket basket."
Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza indawo yokusiza kufaka izigaba eziningana:
- Ukulungiselela Isisekelo. Lapho wenza indlela engadini endaweni emakwe kuyo, kususwa ungqimba lomhlaba oluyi-10 cm ukujula, bese kubekwa ifomu bese kubekwa uthuli.
- Ukuthulula ukhonkolo. On the leveled ebusweni basakaza usimende nosimende.
- Ukusetshenziswa kombala wokuqina umbala. Ukuze unikeze umphezulu umthunzi owufunayo, isixazululo sifafazwa ngama-dyes owomile noma siphathwe ne-hardener enemibala, okungezwa kokufaka imibala kufaka i-granite noma i-quartz sand filler.
- Ukucindezela okubumba. Egcawini olubambile, kodwa hhayi eqandisiwe ngokuphelele, beka amafomu, uwacindezela kakhulu komunye nomunye. Ukuthola ukuphrinta okucacile kwephethini, amafomu afakiwe agxunyekiwe kancane. Unganquma ukulungela kokuqeda isitayela sikakhonkolo ngokuwuthinta ngomunwe. Ingxube isilungile uma ingayifinyeleli.
- Ukuhlanza imishini. Ngemuva kokuma izinsuku ezingama-2-3, bahlanza ingaphezulu kukakhonkolo ngebhulashi elinyaniswe nesisombululo esine-hydrochloric acid. Ngemuva kokuthi ungqimba oluphezulu selomile ngokuphelele, kusetshenziswa ukwakheka okuvikelayo okuvimbela ukuhwamuka komswakama ebusweni kokhonkolo omusha.
Ezindaweni zekhefu elingaba khona, amajoyinti wokunwebeka kufanele anikezwe ngokuwenza kude kumamitha ayi-6 ukusuka komunye nomunye futhi agcwalise izikhala nge-sealant engenamibala.
Ukuze wandise impilo yokhonkolo futhi uthuthukise kakhulu ubuhle bobuciko bezinto, kuyathandeka ukuphatha ingaphezulu ngenhlanganisela ekhethekile efaka ifilimu evikelayo.
Ithrekhi ekhonkolo yokuhlobisa ingasetshenziswa ngezinsuku eziyi-10-15. Ngokufanelekile, kungakuhle ukwelapha indawo ekhonkolo ngezixazululo ze-hydrophobizing minyaka yonke.
