I-Aronia isithelo esibalulekile nezitshalo zokwelapha. Ungowomndeni iRosaceae futhi uvame eNyakatho Melika. Ezweni lethu, enye yezinhlobo ezaziwa ngokuthi yi- "chokeberry" iyaziwa. Yize amaqoqo amajikijolo ebukeka njengomlotha osentabeni, i-chokeberry ayihlangene nalu hlobo lwesitshalo, lokhu kungavimbi ukuthi ithandwe kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi. Isihlahla esikhulayo noma isihlahlana eside sizoyihlobisa kahle insimu, futhi ekwindla kwayo siyojabulisa ngamahlamvu aphuzi abomvu. Ngasikhathi sinye, lesi sitshalo sizonakekela impilo yomnikazi futhi sisuthise ngezithelo ezimnandi.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Aronia isitshalo esihlala njalo esiqinile esine-rhizome engaphezulu. Kuthatha isimo somuthi noma isihlahla esinomqhele osasazekayo. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esidala kufinyelela kumamitha ama-3 nobubanzi bamamitha ayi-2. Isiqu namagatsha embozwe ngamagxolo abushelelezi. Ezitshalweni ezincane, inombala onsomi obomvu, bese kuthi lapho iba mdala iba ngompunga omnyama.
Amagatsha embozwe ngamaqabunga ajwayelekile we-petiolate wesimo se-oval enemiphetho efana nedolobha nesiphetho esikhombe. Ubude bethafa leqabunga buyi-4-8 cm futhi ububanzi bube yi-3-5 cm. Ithambo eliphakathi nendawo elinamagatsha asebusweni liyabonakala ngaphezulu kweshidi lesikhumba elicwazimulayo. Ngasemuva kune-pubescence yesiliva ethambile. Amahlamvu anombala oluhlaza okotshani, kuthi maphakathi no-Septhemba, bese kwehle izinga lokushisa kwansuku zonke, amaqabunga aphenduka abubomvu. Lokhu kunikeza ingadi intelezi ekhethekile.
Ukuqhakaza kwe-chokeberry kuqala ngoMeyi, ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga. Ama-corollas amancane, afanana nezimbali ze-apula, atholakala ku-inflorescence obukhulu be-corymbose aze afike ku-6 cm. Isimbali ngasinye esinezimbali ezi-5 zamahhala siqukethe isixha sezintambo ezinde ezinama-anther agobile futhi sitholakala ngaphansi kwesihlamba se-ovary. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza sithatha amasonto ayi-1.5-2, bese kuthi ngo-Agasti, izithelo ziqale ukuvuthwa - amajikijolo angaphandle noma abophezelayo ngesikhumba esimnyama noma obomvu. Ububanzi bamajikijolo buyi-6 cm cm.I-coating encane eblue noma emhlophe ikhona ebusweni bawo.
Ukuvuna kuqala ngo-Okthoba, mhlawumbe ngemuva kwesithwathwa sokuqala. Ziyadliwa futhi zinambitha kancane, ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo nezinhlobonhlobo
Ekuqaleni, kwakuyizinhlobo zezitshalo ezi-2 kuphela ezazifakwa kuhlobo lwe-chokeberry, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezinye izinhlobo ezi-2 ezihlanganisiwe zongezwa kubo.
I-Chokeberry Aronia. Isitshalo esivela ezifundeni ezisempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika sithandwa kakhulu. Muthi omfushane, ovame ukufakwa ezinhlwini eziningi, umbozwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza okweqanda. Amahlumela entwasahlobo, ama-inflorescence e-thyroid aqhakaza kamnandi. Ngemuva kokuvunda impova, ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, amajikijolo amnyama avuthiwe, enesisindo esingama-g. Aqukethe izakhi zomzimba eziningi ezinomphumela omuhle emzimbeni womuntu. Izinhlobo:
- I-Viking - ihlumela ligqolozele emaphethelweni, embozwe ngamaqabunga obuqanda obugcweleyo oluhlaza okotshani kanye namajikijolo aluhlaza okotshani;
- I-Nero isitshalo esithanda ukumelana nesithwathwa esinezimbali ezinamahlamvu amnyama aluhlaza nezithelo ezinkulu eziqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini nezinto ezisebenzayo;
- I-Khugin - isihlahla esifinyelela ku-2 m ukuphakeme simbozwe ngamahlamvu amnyama aluhlaza, aphenduka abomvu ngokukhanya ekwindla, amajikijolo amnyama acwebezelayo ayabonakala phakathi kwamahlamvu.
I-chokeberry ibomvu. Isihlahla esinamaphiko aqhakazayo siyakwazi ukufinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-2,5. Amaqabunga e-oval enomphetho omude, obukhali ukhula kuso. Ubude besitsha seqabunga singamasentimitha ayi-5-8. NgoMeyi, ama-inflorescence e-corymbose avela ngokukhanya okuncane okupinki noma okumhlophe kufinyelela ku-1 cm ubukhulu. Ngasekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, amajikijolo abomvu anenyama onesilinganiso sokuvuthwa esingu-0,4-1 cm. Awawi kulo lonke ubusika.
Aronia Michurin. Umphumela womsebenzi wesazi esidumile u-EV. UMichurin, owaba sekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. ngesisekelo se-chokeberry, wahlwanyela i-hybrid enezimbali eziningi nezimbali. Izimbali ziqukethe inani elikhulu lompe futhi zikwenza ubukeke njengesitshalo soju. Amajikijolo aqukethe izakhi zomzimba eziningi (amavithamini kanye namaminerali). Izimbali ziqala emavikini ambalwa kamuva. Ukuvuthwa kwe-Berry kuqala ngoSepthemba kuya ekuqaleni kwesithwathwa. Kusuka kwesinye isitshalo siqoqe kuze kufike ku-10 kg wesitshalo samajikijolo amnandi namuncu. Lesi sitshalo sithanda izindawo ezinelanga futhi nenhlabathi evulekile, enamanzi amaningi.
Ukufihla izimfihlo
Noma iyiphi indlela eyaziwayo ilungele ukusakazwa kwe-chokeberry, kepha imvamisa basebenzisa ukuhlwanyela imbewu noma ukubhula kwezimpawu zokusika okuluhlaza. Imbewu yeChokeberry ivunwa kumajikijolo avuthwe kahle. Akhuhlwa ngesihlungo bese egezwa kahle. Ukuhamba kwesikhathi kwehle kakhulu. Imbewu ixubene nesihlabathi somfula esibaliwe, oswakanyisiwe bese sibekwa esikhwameni. Ibekwe izinyanga ezintathu esitsheni semifino esiqandisini. Entwasahlobo, lapho inhlabathi ifudumala, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungisa izimbobo ezinobubanzi obuyi-7-8 cm.Imbewu esele ibekiwe ibekwe kuzo.
Lapho izithombo zikhula ngamaqabunga ayi-2, ziwohloka ukuze ibanga libe cm 3. Ukuphinda kunciphise kwenziwa lapho izitshalo zinamaqabunga angama-4-5. Ibanga landa laya ku-6 cm. Kuze kufike intwasahlobo elandelayo, izithombo zikhule endaweni efanayo. Bajwayelwa njalo imibhede yokhula. Ukuncipha kokugcina kwenziwa ngo-Ephreli-Meyi wonyaka olandelayo, ukuze ibanga li-10 cm.
Kusetshenziselwa ukusikwa, amahlumela aluhlaza asetshenziswa ubude be-10-15 cm. Amaqabunga aphansi asikiwe kuwo, kuthi ingxenye yesithathu yepuleti lamaqabunga ishiywe ngaphezulu. Phezu kwegxolo ngaphezulu kwengane ngayinye futhi okumbalwa engxenyeni engezansi yokusikwa, kwenzeka. I-sprig icwiliswa amahora amaningi kwizixazululo zeKornevin, bese itshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa ekhoneni. Inhlabathi yakhiwa ngenhlabathi yengadi, lapho kuthelelwa khona ungqimba lwesihlabathi somfula. Ama-cuttings ambozwe ngefilimu, amila izimpande emazingeni okushisa ka-20 ... + 25 ° C amasonto angama-3-4. Ngemuva kwalokho, indawo yokukhosela iqala ukukhishwa amahora amaningi ngosuku, kuthi emva kwezinsuku eziyi-7 ukuya ku-12 isuswe ngokuphelele.
Futhi, i-chokeberry ingasakazwa ngokuhlelwa, ukuhlukanisa isihlahla, ukuxhunyelelwa kanye namahlumela we-basal. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokukhohlisa intwasahlobo.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
Ukutshala i-chokeberry, kanye nezinye izihlahla zezithelo, kuhlelwa ekwindla. Kwenze ngosuku olunamafu noma kusihlwa. Lesi sitshalo siyakhula. Ikhula ngokulinganayo ethunzini elilinganayo naselangeni, emhlabathini onesihlabathi, okhanyayo kanye nasenhlabathini enamadwala. I-Aaronas ilungele inhlabathi engekho mpofu futhi evundile enokusabela okubuthakathaka kwe-acidic noma ukungathathi hlangothi. Ukuvela kwamanzi asemhlabathini nakho ngeke kube yinkinga ngesigqi esingenamkhawulo. Umhlabathi we-saline kuphela ongeke ulingane nesitshalo.
Lapho utshala isitshalo, kubalulekile ukumba umgodi ongaba ngu-0.5 m ukujula.Ingqimba yokudonsa ithululelwa phansi, futhi isikhala esiphakathi kwezimpande sigcwaliswe inhlabathi ehlanganiswe ne-humus, superphosphate nomlotha wezinkuni. Uma izimpande zome kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuhamba, lesi sitshalo sicwiliswa amahora amaningi esitsheni esinamanzi. Ngemuva kokuba i-rhizome iphathwa ngodaka lobumba.
Ekuqaleni, intamo yezimpande ibekwa 1.5-2 cm ngaphezu komhlaba, ukuze kuthi lapho inhlabathi inyinyeka, ibuye ibe nangaphezulu komhlaba. Ngemuva kwalokho izithombo ziyaniselwa bese ziqhubukusha inhlabathi. Ingaphezulu lihlanganiswe notshani, i-peat noma i-humus ukuphakama okungama-5-10 cm.Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo kufanele okungenani libe ngamamitha ayi-2. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala, amahlumela ancishiswa ngamasentimitha ambalwa ukuze kube ngama-4-5 kuphela amaqabunga egatsheni ngalinye.
Ukunakekela i-chokeberry akudingekayo. Kodwa-ke, umswakama nokunisela kubaluleke kakhulu kuye. Babaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali nezithelo. Uma kungekho imvula, kusetshenziswa amabhakede angama-2-3 amanzi ngaphansi kwesitshalo ngasinye. Akumele unisele kuphela izihlahla, kodwa futhi ngezikhathi ezithile fafaza umqhele.
Uma i-chokeberry ikhula enhlabathini evundile, Umanyolo owodwa wasentwasahlobo ngonyaka uyanele. Sebenzisa i-ammonium nitrate powder, ehlakazeka emhlabathini ngaphambi kokunisela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa umquba obolile wezinkomo, i-superphosphate, imithambo yezinyoni, umlotha noma umquba. Izikhathi eziningana phakathi nenkathi, khulula inhlabathi bese ususa ukhula embuthanweni wezimpande.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukugawulwa kwendle kwenziwa futhi amahlumela asomile ayasuswa, futhi ahileleka ekwakhekeni komqhele. Njengoba zikhula, amahlumela ama-basal abhujiswa ukuze umqhele ungabi mkhulu kakhulu. Ekwindla, izihlahla zokulwa nokuguga ziyenziwa. Njengoba amagatsha aneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-8 ubudala cishe enganikeli isivuno, anqunywa emhlabathini, okushiya imbucuza esemncane. 2-3 amagatsha anjalo avuselelwa ngonyaka.
Isiqu sisimbozwe kangcono ungqimba luk lime. Kufanele uqaphe ngokucophelela isimo sesitshalo futhi ucindezele ngesikhathi ukubukeka kwezinambuzane. Isifutho sokuqala sokuthambisa senziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga. Sebenzisa uketshezi lwe-Bordeaux. Ukwelashwa kabusha kwenziwa ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga. Uma ehlobo izimuncagazi zisuka kwesinye isitshalo esinegciwane ziye ku-chokeberry, izihlahla kufanele zifafazwe ngesibulala-zinambuzane esithile. Ngokuvamile ama-aphid, amabhu asentabeni, amabhu asentabeni kanye nama-hawthorn kuhlala i-chokeberry.
Izifo zithinta izitshalo ezinotshani obukhulu. Kungaba ukugqashuka kwamaqabunga, i-bacterial necrosis, ukubonwa kwamagciwane. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala, zelashwa nge "Haupsin", "Gamair" noma ezinye izidakamizwa zesimanje.
Izici eziwusizo
Ama-Aronia amajikijolo athile ngezinto ezisebenzayo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona okulandelayo:
- amavithamini;
- ama-tannins;
- sucrose;
- flavonoids;
- amateyisi;
- ukulandelela izinto;
- ama-pectins.
Izithelo ze-chokeberry ziyaqoqwa, zihlanzwe ngamagatsha namaqabunga, bese zomile, ujamu ulungiselelwe, uqandisiwe, ugcizelelwe otshwaleni. Ukusuka kubo ungapheka i-decoction, uthole ujusi futhi wenze newayini. Ukusetshenziswa kwale mikhiqizo kunconyelwe ukuvimbela nokulawula kwezifo ezilandelayo:
- isifo sokuqina kwemizwa;
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- fragility yemithambo yegazi;
- capillarotooticosis;
- umkhuhlane obomvu;
- eczema
- isimungumungwane
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- isifo se-yegilo.
Amajikijolo futhi i-diuretic ephumelelayo, i-choleretic, tonic. Baqinisa ngokuphelele amasosha omzimba, afaka isandla ekuqedeni ubuthi, izinsimbi ezisindayo kanye nama-microorganisms e-pathogenic. Ijusi elisha lisiza ukuphulukisa amanxeba nokunciphisa ukushiswa esikhunjeni.
Noma umkhiqizo olusizo onjalo unezinto eziphikisayo. I-Chokeberry ayinconywa kubantu abaphethwe i-hypertension, i-angina pectoris, i-thrombosis, i-gastritis, ne-duodenal ulcer.
