Rhododendron - Lesi sitshalo esimnandi sokuhlobisa ingadi yakho. Kodwa akulula ukukhula endaweni yethu. Izwe lalo mbali yiMedithera, ekhuluma ngokushisa kwayo kanye nokubekezelelana okubandayo kwamaqhwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuze lesi sitshalo sithole izimpande, kuzodingeka ukuthi sihambisane nazo zonke izimo zobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo futhi sizinakekele kahle. Namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuthi singakhetha kanjani izithombo zokutshala i-rhododendron kusayithi lakho, mayelana nezici zalolu hlelo, futhi unake ukunakekelwa okulandelayo nokulungiselela i-rhododendron ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwazi olusetshenzisiwe ngalo ekuklanyeleni kwezwe lizosiza ngokulinganayo.
Ukukhetha okuhle kokutshala izinto
Izihlahla ezimbili ze-rhododendron ezineminyaka emibili noma emine zingcono kakhulu zokutshala. Uma uthenga, qaphela ukuhluma kwezihlahla ze-cuttings (amagatsha asinda kakhulu ngokushesha eduze kwempande yempande), futhi emaqabunga awo (akumelwe abe namabala nokuvuvukala). Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola izimpande zenzalo, akumukeleki ukuthi kwakuyizicabha ezimanzi kanye nama-node. Indawo othenga kuyo izithombo nazo zibalulekile.
Kungcono ukuzithenga kubalimi abanolwazi noma ezindaweni ezikhethekile, futhi akuyona efiselekayo ezimakethe, ngoba banamathuba amancane kakhulu (abathengisi abaningi abawazi nje ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo nezinhlobo zokuhweba abazidayisa).
Kubalulekile! Abaqalayo batuswa ukuba baqale ngehlobo oluthile lwe-rhododendron, kodwa ngokutshala kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Njengoba lezi zinhlobo zingaphansi kwe-whimsical futhi ezingaphezu kwama-frost kunezinhlobonhlobo ezitholakala ngesisekelo sayo. Naphezu kokuthi izinhlobonhlobo zizama kakhulu ngemibala yazo ehlukahlukene, izinhlobo ziphinde zihlukaniswe nokuhlukahluka kwemibala.
Ukutshala i-rhododendron engadini
Uma uhlwanyela i-rhododendron ensimini, kubalulekile ukulandela iziqondiso ezithile, nini nendawo yokutshala i-rhododendron, ukuthi ungayenza kanjani kahle, nokuthi ungayilungisa kanjani inhlabathi.
Uyazi? I-Woody rhododendron iyimbali kazwelonke yeNepal. Kuleli zwe, i-rhododendron isetshenziswe ngendlela yezimbali ezifakwe emanzini, futhi ngesimo sejusi.
Lapho ukutshala i-rhododendron
Kunconywa ukutshala i-rhododendron emhlabathini kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuze kuphakathi kukaMeyi, futhi kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuNovemba. Kodwa eqinisweni, lokhu kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesitshalo, ngaphezu kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza se-rhododendron, kanye namasonto ambalwa emva kokuphela kwezimbali.
Lapho kungcono ukutshala i-rhododendron endaweni
Watshala i-rhododendron kangcono endaweni enomthunzi ohlangothini olusenyakatho lendlu. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe yinto evulekile, i-acidic, ifakwe kahle, icebile kuma-humus. Lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ehlala endaweni yakho ephansi kwamamitha angaphansi kweyodwa, ukutshala kwenziwa embhede ophakanyisiwe. Uma ukutshala i-rhododendron kubalulekile futhi ukunakekelwa izitshalo ezingomakhelwane.
Akuyona into engathandeki ukutshala i-rhododendron eduze nemithi ephethe izimpande ezingajulile, ngoba bazothatha zonke izakhi ezitshalweni. Kubomakhelwane abangathandeki kufanele bahlanganise ne-birch, i-willow, i-maple, i-chestnut, i-linden, i-alder, kanye nezakhamuzi zesayithi, eduze nalokho ongatshala khona i-rhododendron yi-apple, i-pear, i-pin, i-spruce, i-larch, i-poplar.
Indlela yokulungisa inhlabathi nokutshala i-rhododendron
- Okokuqala, lungisa umgodi wokufika. Umgodi ugobile cishe u-40 cm ubude, futhi ububanzi bungaba ngu-60 cm.
- Bese ulungisa ingxube yamabhakede ayisishiyagalombili we-peat phezulu kanye namabhakede amathathu we-loam (i-loam ingashintshwa ngamabhakede amabili ebumba). Gcoba lo mxube kahle, uwuthulule emgodini, uphinde ugcobe.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, bamba imbobo emhlabathini ubukhulu obufana nebhola lempande.
- Ngaphambi kokutshala ngokuqondile, faka ama-rhododendron emanzini, bese uwagcina lapho kuze kube yilapho ama-bubbles emoyeni ayeka ukukhipha.
- Faka insimu emgodini bese ufafaza umgodi nge-substrate ukuya phezulu kakhulu, ukuze intamo yempande ibe sezingeni elingaphezulu kwesakhiwo, isilwe phansi ukuze isuse yonke i-voids.
- Ukukhulula amanzi ngesihlahla, futhi ukhononge inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu nge-peat, moss, sawdust, amaqabunga e-oki, noma izinaliti zamapayipi, ungqimba olungama-5-6 cm.
Kubalulekile! Uma kunezimbali eziningi ezivuna imifino, kungcono ukuzisusa ukuze zonke izinsiza zesitshalo ziqondiswe ekuqothulweni kwe-rhododendron, hhayi ekuzibheni kwazo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-rhododendron nezinye izitshalo nokusetshenziswa ekuklanyeleni kwezwe
I-Rhododendron izothola indawo yayo kumklamo we-landscape cishe noma yisiphi isitayela. Lesi sitshalo sibukeka kahle kakhulu kunendima ye-tapeworm, futhi ngeziqephu zeqembu, futhi kule ndaba yokugcina, ihlanganiswa kahle ne-conifers, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zezimbali. Kungcono ukhethe izinhlobo ezinjalo lapho i-rhododendron ikhula khona endaweni yayo yemvelo - amapayipi, ama-larches, ama-ferns, amajunipha nabanye.
I-Rhododendron iphelele ukuhlobisa izivande ezinamadwala nama-alpine izingadi. Ngalesi sizathu, izinhlobo ze-rhododendron ezinemibala ehlukene yezimbali zifanelekile. Bhala, wenze ama-slope amadwala, ungakwazi nge-gentian, i-mountain pine, i-heather.
Izinhlobo ze-Sredneroslye ze-rhododendron, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyela kweqembu njengezicingo eziphilayo, ngokukhethwa kwe-shades oyifunayo yesitshalo. Isibonelo, ama-rhododendron anezimbali eziphuzi ahlanganiswe ngokugcwele nalabo abaluhlaza abaqhakaza ngezimbali ezibomvu nezigqamile ze-orange, kanye nama-rhododendron anezimbali ezibomvu nezibomvu nezitshalo eziqhakaza ezimhlophe.
Izihlahla ezitshalwe emagqabeni noma emigwaqeni yezitshalo futhi zibukeka kahle, ikakhulukazi uma zihlobisa umhlanga, nakuba kulesi sikhwama kuphela amahlathi amakhulu ase-rhododendron afanelekile (okungenani iminyaka eyishumi).
Ukwakha izingqungquthela zeqembu ngama-rhododendrons, kunconywa ukuba uhlanganise nezinhlobo ezivuthiwe zinezinhlanzi, ngenkathi "ukuxuba" izitshalo eziphakeme kakhulu. Phakathi nendawo yokubheka kubheka ama-shrub aphakeme kakhulu, futhi emaphethelweni - anqwabelene.
Ukunakekelwa kahle kwe-rhododendron engadini
Ukunakekela i-rhododendron kunezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokutshala: ukondla, ukuchelela, ukuphalaza, ukusilalisa, ukubulala izinambuzane nokulawulwa kwezifo kanye nokubunjwa kwamahlathi.
Kubalulekile! Ukukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze lesi sitshalo akuvunyelwe, akeke ugaye ukumba, ngoba izimpande ze-rhododendron zitholakala eduze kakhulu. Ngesizathu esifanayo, kungcono ukususa ukhula ngesandla, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-choppers.
Indlela yokuphuza
I-Rhododendron idinga umswakama nomhlabathi ongaphezu kwamanye izitshalo, ikakhulukazi lapho kumile amaqabunga futhi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Kufanele iphuze njalo, futhi kusesimweni esomile kufanele kube ngaphezulu, futhi ufefa izitshalo ngamanzi. Ukuchelela okuthinta kahle kuthinta ithebhu kwimifino ye-rhododendron ngonyaka ozayo. Amanzi isitshalo adinga amanzi alula (ihlukanisiwe, i-thawed, noma imvula), enganciphisa ngosizo lwesandla esincane se-high-moor peat, siphonswe usuku ngaphambi kokunisela.
Ukuvama kokwenza uketshezi kunqunywa isimo samaqabunga: isibonelo, lapho bebuthakathaka futhi belahlekelwe ukuqina kwawo, khona-ke isitshalo somile. Uma ukuchelela inhlabathi kumele kuthole ukujula ku-20-30 cm ukujula.
Kubalulekile! Uma ukuchelela abakwazi ukuthululela izimpande ze-rhododendron, ngoba zizwela kakhulu kumswakama owedlulele. Funda mayelana noketshezi oludluleleko kunganciphisa futhi kushicilelwe amaqabunga.
Indlela yokutshala isitshalo
Ukudla kokuqala kwe-rhododendron kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kanti ukugcina - ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi, ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza, lapho amahlumela amancane eqala ukukhula. Kungasetshenziselwa ukondla izitshalo zenkomo egazini elinyukayo, kanye nofulawa lwophondo. I-Rhododendron ikhetha ukondla okumanzi, ngakho-ke umquba uchitheka ngamanzi (isilinganiso esingu-1:15), futhi ushiye ukuma izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngaphambi kokwenza umanyolo we-rhododendron, kufanele uphuze.
Uma sikhuluma ngamaminerali amaminerali, ukuze singaphazamisi ukusabela komphakathi (i-rhododendron ikhula emhlabathini owumile), kungcono ukusebenzisa i-superphosphate, i-ammonium sulphate, i-concentration magnesium encane (1.2: 1000), kanye nesisombululo semifuno engaphansi kwe-potassium.
Imodi enhle yokufaka umanyolo ihilela ukwethulwa kwamakhomikhali ane-nitrojeni noma ayenamaminerali anamaminerali angamahlanu angama-gramu amahlanu we-magnesium sulphate kanye namagremu amahlanu ka-ammonium sulphate ngamamitha ayikwele (imanyolo isetshenziswa emhlabathini ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo), futhi ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokumbali (ekuqaleni kukaJune) kufanele kube babalwa amagremu angu-40 e-ammonium sulfate nama-gramu angu-20 we-potassium sulfate ne-superphosphate. NgoJulayi, kuphela amagremu angama-20 e-potassium sulphate ne-superphosphate ezethulwa ngamamitha ayi-square.
Uyazi? Uju oluvela emthonjeni wezinhlobo ezithile ze-rhododendron, lunezindawo ze-hallucinogenic ne-laxative. Ngisho namaRoma asendulo namaGreki akhuluma ngemiphumela emibi yobusi kusuka e-rhododendron.
Indlela yokwehlisa i-rhododendron
I-Rhododendron idinga ukwakheka okuncane futhi ukusika izihlahla, ngoba amahlathi ayo ngokwayo enza isimo esifanele. Kodwa-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile kuzodingeka ukuthi unqume amahlumela aphakeme kakhulu, efriziwe noma amadala, okuzosiza ekuvuseleleni i-rhododendron. Amahlumela aphethwe yi-rhododendron ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kanti izindawo zokusika zicutshungulwa yi-pitch pitch (kodwa kuphela lapho ukuqina kwamagatsha kufinyelela ku-2-4 cm).
Kungakapheli inyanga, ukuvuthwa kokulala phezu kwamahlumela kuvusa, futhi inqubo yokuvuselela iqala, okuphela konyaka. Izihlahla eziqhwaqile noma ezindala kakhulu ziyakhuphuka ekuphakameni kuka-30-40 cm emhlabathini - ingxenye eyodwa yesihlahla ngonyaka wokuqala, kanti eyesibili - elandelayo.
Kubalulekile! Ama-Rhododendron anezici ezihlukahlukene: ziqhakaza futhi zithela izithelo ngokukhululekile ngonyaka owodwa, kanti ngonyaka ozayo zizithoba kakhulu. Ukuqeda i-periodicity enjalo, kubalulekile ukuphula ama-inflorescences abunayo ngokushesha ngemva kokuchichima. Khona-ke i-rhododendron izosebenzisa amandla nokudla okunomsoco ukwakha imifino yemifino ngonyaka ozayo.
Ukulungiselela ubusika nendawo yokukhosela rhododendron
Kubalulekile ukulungisa i-rhododendron ebusika kusengaphambili. Ukwenza lokhu, kusukela ekupheleni kwehlobo, kufanele uyeke ukondla isitshalo nge nitrogen, bese ushintsha kumanyolo we-potash (lokhu kuzosiza ukuvuthwa kokukhula kwesikhathi). Ungafaka isulfure colloidal enhlabathini, okuyinto acidifies inhlabathi futhi unciphise ukukhula kwefungi.
Izihlahla ze-Rhododendron zingelashwa nganoma iyiphi ye-fungicides etholakalayo. Ekwindla eyomile, lesi sitshalo kufanele siphuze ngaphambi kokuqala kwamaqhwa, kodwa ekwindla kwemvula ukwengeza okungeziwe akudingeki. Ikakhulukazi emswakama zidinga izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zama-rhododendrons.
Ngokushesha nje lapho ama-frosts abathintekayo efika, kubalulekile ukufudumala indawo yezimpande zesitshalo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhlanganiswa ngendlala (10-15 cm) we-peat, izinaliti zephayini, noma amaqabunga owomile. Lokhu kwenziwa ekwindla sekwephuzile. Isitshalo seqhwa esincane asiyona yingozi kakhulu, kodwa indawo yokuvikela yaseRhododendron engasencane ingabangela ukuba izimpande ziqhubekele entanyeni nasekufeni kwesitshalo.
Manje, empeleni, ngokuqondene nokwakhiwa kwesiphephelo se-rhododendron. Okokuqala udinga ukwenza uhlaka lwetambo oluqinile, futhi ulifake ngaphambi kokuba umhlaba ukhululeke. Ubukhulu bayo kufanele bube ngu-15 cm emikhulu kunesihlahla ngokwayo, ukuze amagatsha e-rhododendron angathinti ama-arcs.
Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lihlaselwa ku- -10 ° C, ifreyimu kufanele ihlanganiswe nezinto ezivikelayo (polyurethane foam, polypropylene), futhi uma le nto ayikho kakhulu, ingabe ifakwe ezinqabeni eziningana (lutrasil, agrotex, spandbond nabanye). Uma kwenzeka ukugqoka kuqala ukudlula umswakama, kuzodingeka usule ifilimu eplastiki phezulu. Izinto ezikulo luhlaka ziqinile, futhi phansi phansi lonke ubude obufafazwe nenhlabathi.
Asikho isidingo sokusheshisa ukususa indawo yokukhosela kusuka e-rhododendron, ngokushesha nje lapho ilanga lishisa. Ngo-Mashi, isitshalo sisesephumule, futhi asikwazi ukuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo umswakama emhlabathini oqhwaqwe, futhi amaqabunga e-rhododendron angashisa ngemisebe ekhanyayo yelanga. Ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka silinde kuze kube yilapho umhlabathi ususwe ngokuphelele futhi umhlaba uphazamisa, ngoba kuphela lapho indawo yokukhosela ingasuswa khona kwi-rhododendron, futhi kuyadingeka ukwenza lokhu ngosuku oluthile. Ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokususwa kwezindlu zokuhlala, lesi sitshalo sisebenzisa kangcono ukugwema imiphumela eyingozi yelanga.
Uyazi? INyakatho Melika ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa ye-rhododendron, futhi i-rhododendron enkulu-yeaved is symbol of state Washington.Ngokutshala okufanelekile nokunakekelwa okulandelayo, lesi sitshalo esimnandi sokuhlobisa kuzoba yingxenye ebalulekile yokwakheka engadini yakho.
