U-Hoya isitshalo esijabulisayo sasemuva esivela emndenini wakwaKutrovy. Imelelwa ngemivini etshintshayo nezihlahla. Imvamisa, i-hoya ukhetha isihlahla esiqinile sokusekelwa. Amaqabunga aqobayo, iziqu kanye nezinsimbi zesitshalo zimbozwe ngesikhumba esibushelelezi, esikhanyayo, njenge-wax. Ngakho-ke, i-hoya ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-wax ivy." Izwe lakubo lingamahlathi aqhakaza ashisayo ase-East Asia, Polynesia naseNtshonalanga Australia. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVIII. lesi sitshalo silethwa eYurophu, lapho lasakazekela khona kwizindawo zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina izithombo. Namuhla, i-liana likhule ezindlini eziningi ngenxa yamahlamvu amahle nezimbali ezinephunga elimnandi, elinjengephunga.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Hoya ingumvini we-evergreen ohlala njalo noma isihlahla esinamahlumela esivulekile, esinamahlumela. Ubude beziqu bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-10. Okokuqala, ingaphezulu elingenalutho liyakhula, limbozwe ngesikhumba esigaxa sombala onsundu, kuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi liphenduke lube luhlaza lube ngamahlamvu. Ngomswakama owanele, izimpande zomoya ziyavela ezindaweni. Kamuva, isiqu sinesithunzi.
Kubo bonke ubude bez amahlumela kukhona amaqabunga angenasici wesimo se-oval enomphetho okhomba. Zigqinsiwe, okuletha lesi sitshalo eduze nama-apulents. Ingaphezulu lamaqabunga amancanyana liyacwebezela, kancane kancane liba buthuntu. Ipuleti uqobo liba mncane ngeminyaka. Ubude beshidi yi-5-8 cm, futhi ububanzi buyi-3-5 cm.
I-Hoya blooms ngoJuni futhi ingahlala kuze kube ngu-Okthoba. Kwenzeka ngamaza. I-whisk ehlukile ihlala kuze kube ngamaviki ama-3. Ama-inflorescence akhiwa emagatsheni akhethekile ezimbali ngaphandle kwamaqabunga. Izimbali ezinhle zisexual ziqoqiwe kumasambu aminyene noma amaringi ayindilinga. ICorolla iqukethe amacembe angama-5 okusaqanda onqenqemeni olukhonjisiwe. Maphakathi nomqhele kukhona umqhele omncane wama-anthers ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Imbali ngayinye ifana nenkanyezi encane ye-wax enesilinganiso esingu-1-2 cm. Umbala wayo umhlophe, onsomi, ubomvu noma ukhilimu. Umqhele uvame ukwahlukanisa ngethoni noma nge-satellite.
Izimbali zikaHoya zikhipha iphunga elinamandla, elimnandi. Yenzelwe ukuheha izinambuzane. Zibuye zikhiqize umpe omningi, oqoqana ngamaconsi aminyene. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ihlumela alikwazi ukususwa, njengoba lizokhula futhi liqede amaqabunga amasha.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa
Uhlobo lwe-hoya luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-50 zezitshalo. Ngokwesiko, kusetshenziswa ingxenye yabo kuphela.
Meaty hoya (carnosa). Le liana elihlala ligobekile, li-lignified likhula lifinyelele kumamitha ayi-6. Liyagobhoza eduze kwezisekeli eziseduze zibheke phezulu. Esiqwini esivuthayo sokuhluma, amaqabunga anamafutha anombala oluhlaza ogqamile. Izambulela ze-umbrella ze-10-15 buds ziyaqhakaza ngamapuleti abushelelezi anamaqabunga. Izimbali ezimise okwenkanyezi zikhipha iphunga eliqinile futhi zipendwe ngombala omhlophe noma opinki. Umqhele umnyama, iwayini libomvu. Izimbali zenzeka ngoJuni-Okthoba futhi zingaphindwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngonyaka. Izinhlobo:
- i-mosagate - iqabunga eliluhlaza elimnyama lihlanganiswa nomcu wekhilimu ongalingani;
- i-tricolor - amabala apinki nokhilimu akhona kumaqabunga aluhlaza omnyama;
- i-compacta - inhlobonhlobo enamaqabunga amancane ebusweni lapho iphethini yemabula ibonakala khona;
- i-minibel - amaqabunga aluhlaza amnyama anamachashazi akhanyayo akhula afike ku-19 cm ubude nama-2 cm ububanzi, futhi ngaphezulu kwawo izambulela eziyindilinga zezimbali ezingama-20 ezinobubanzi obufika ku-18 mm ziyabonakala. Ama-corollas anombala opinki ahlotshiswe ngomqhele ocwebezelayo omhlophe onenothi elibomvu enkabeni.
Hoya lo muhle (bella). Izimpande ezigqinsiwe ezigobekile zakha isihlahla esinamanzi, kodwa ngaphandle kokusekelwa ziyolahlekelwa ukukhanga. Amagqabi akhula ngokunamandla. Phakathi kwaso kuqhuma amahlumela ama-inflorescences angama-multifloral aqhakaza. Izimbali ezimhlophe, ukhilimu noma opinki wefomu elifanele ziqukethe amacembe agobekile ngaphakathi nomqhele ohlukile phakathi nendawo.
I-Hoya multiflora (i-multiflora). Umvini onamanzi umbozwe ngamaqabunga okusaqanda amancane wombala ofanayo. Kuyo kuqhakaza, kuqhakaza ama-inflorescence ahlukahlukene. Amaphaladi imbali ngayinye agobile emuva emuva. Enkabeni kukhona ama-spurs arcuate. Umbala uphethwe yimibala emhlophe, ukhilimu kanye ophuzi.
Concave Hoya (lacunosa). Isitshalo esinezimbali ezingama-Epiphytic sineziqu eziguquguqukayo sakha isigaxa esihle samaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakazekile amnyama ngendlela yesigqi. Ubude bawo bufika ku-6 cm. Imiphetho igoqwe ngaphakathi. Izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe noma zikakhilimu ziqoqelwa kuzambulela eziminyene. Ama-petals embozwe nge-villi enkulu futhi agobeke enkabeni, okwenza ihlumela lifane nebhola eli-fluffy. Izinhlobo:
- i-popsicle - amacembe embozwe iphethini yemabula elula, futhi izimbali ezisesimweni samabhola amhlophe ama-fluffy athweswe umqhele omncane ophuzi;
- i-tova - ikhula amaqabunga aluhlaza aluhlaza.
Hoya Kerry. Iziqu ezilengayo ezihlotshiswe kahle zihlotshiswe ngamahlamvu amnandi enjengokwenhliziyo. Izimbali ziqukethe amacembe ekhilimu e-pubescent kanye nomqhele obomvu noma ocwebezelayo obomvu, odonsa ngawo umpe omnyama. Aqoqiwe kusambulela ngendlela yomhlaba we-15-25 amayunithi.
Hoya Calistafilla. Iziqu ezinde ezimboziwe zimbozwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza okhanyayo ngemithambo emnyama. Ubude bamahlamvu buyi-15cm cm, kanti ububanzi buyi-7 cm cm. Izambulela ziqukethe izimbali eziyi-15 - 20 ububanzi obungu-5-10 mm. Ama-wax aphuzi ansundu azungeze umqhele omhlophe.
Hoya Kumingiata. Umvini onamanzi onamaqabunga amancane amise okweqanda we-green hue okhanyayo ehlobo umbozwe kakhulu ngezambulela eziphuzi eziphuzi ezinomqhele we-maroon.
Hoya pentaflebia. Amahlumela agobekayo, agobekile ambozwe ngokulinganayo ngamahlamvu aluhlaza acwebezelayo afinyelela ku-16 cm ubude. Imithambo emihlanu enezinhlayiya ibonakala kahle kumahlamvu. Izambulela ezigeleza izimbali eziningi zakhiwa izimbali eziphuzi ngomqhele omhlophe.
I-Hoya gracilis. Amaqabunga e-oval aze afike ku-6 cm ubude kumahlumela amancanyana. Ehlobo, izambulela eziyizicaba ezinezimbali ezincane ezi-pink eziqhakaza eziqwini ezingenalutho. Umqhele omnyama umbozwe amabala aphuzi.
Kushicilelwe uHoya. Umvini okhula ngokushesha onamaqabunga amancanyana, ama-oval uchitha izambulela ze-hemispherical ngezimbali ezipinki. Izinhlobonhlobo zesiliva Pink zihlukaniswa umngcele wesiliva omncane nxazonke onqenqemeni lwamaphayini.
Hoya Macrophyll. Umvini omkhulu obabayo umbozwe ngamahlamvu okusaqanda wombala we-mosagated. Imisipha ekhanyayo enkabeni iyabonakala endaweni emnyama eluhlaza. Izambulela eziyindilinga ziqukethe izimbali ezipinki ezikhanyayo nomqhele obomvu-omhlophe noma onsomi.
Hoya Mindorensis. I-Liana imbozwe ngamaqabunga e-oval lesikhumba afinyelela ku-11 cm. Emthunzini adwetshwe ngotshani obumnyama, bese elangeni liphenduka elibomvu. Izimbali ezincane ezibomvu ezigqwala ezinamaphalishi e-pubescent ziqoqwa ku-inflorescence eyindilinga.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ekhaya, i-hoya isatshalaliswa ngokuyisimila. Kulokhu, ukusikwa kwe-apical ngamahlamvu cishe ubude be-8-10 cm kusetshenzisiwe. Ingxenye engezansi iphathwa nge "Kornevin" bese ifakwa ingilazi enamanzi noma ifihlwe endaweni yokuqala enhlabathini enesihlabathi. Phezulu udinga ukumboza isiqu ngefilimu noma ngengilazi. Ukushisa komoya okuphezulu kungo + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Inqubo ithatha izinsuku eziyi-10-15. Ngemuva kwalokhu, isiqu sihlwanyelwa ebhodweni elincane elinomhlabathi wezitshalo zabantu abadala.
Njengoba izimpande zasemoyeni zivame ukwakhiwa ezindaweni ezingenamuntu, i-hoya ingasatshalaliswa ngokugoqa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-incision encane yenziwa esiqwini, bese icindezelwa enhlabathini noma ngebhandeshi elinomfula omanzi liyamiswa. Lapho kwakheka izimpande eziqinile, ihlumela lihlukaniswa nesitshalo esikhulu. Ubuhle bale ndlela ukuthi izimbali zizovela ngaphansi konyaka.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
Imbiza ezinzile ilungiselelwe ukutshala i-hoya. Ekhaya, lesi sitshalo sitshalwa kabusha njalo eminyakeni engama-1-3. Njengoba umqhele ukhula ngokushesha, ukusekelwa okuthembekile kuyadingeka. Inhlabathi kumele ibe lula futhi iqonde, ibe namanzi amahle nomoya ukuqina. Ungaqanjwa:
- Peat;
- i-moss sphagnum;
- isisekelo;
- inhlabathi engadini.
Ukuze ujabulele imibala, umthamo wakhethwa uqine.
Isibani U-Hoya udinga ukukhanya okukhanya okukhanyayo. Uzoba kahle emafasiteleni asempumalanga noma asentshonalanga, kanye nasenkabeni yegumbi eliseningizimu. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungasusi isitshalo. Ngisho nokujika i-axis yayo kuzoholela ekulahleni ama-buds.
Ukushisa Imbali ayikubekezeleli ukushisa. Ehlobo, unethezekile ku + 17 ... + 25 ° C. Ebusika, kuyadingeka ukwenza kabusha lesi sitshalo egumbini elinamazinga we- + 10 ... + 15 ° C. Okusalungiswa nokudonsa okubandayo kungathinta kabi ukubukeka, njengengxenye yamaqabunga awile.
Umswakama. U-Hoya uvumelana kahle nomswakama ojwayelekile egumbini, kodwa ngokubonga uphendula ngokufafaza nokugeza njalo. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, yeka izinqubo zamanzi. Amaqabunga e-wax kufanele ahlanzwe ngezikhathi ezithile othulini.
Ukunisela. Amanzi akufanele axege ebhodweni, noma kunjalo, ukomisa okunamandla kwenhlabathi kuyinto engathandeki. Kunconywa ukunisela inhlabathi ngamanzi athambileko, ahleliweko ka-1-2 ngeviki.
Umanyolo. Kabili ngenyanga, kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Okthoba, i-hoya idliswa ngengxube yezokumbiwa emhlabeni. Isixazululo sithululelwa emhlabathini kude kude nezimpande.
Ukwakhiwa komqhele. Umvini omude noma isihlahla esinamagatsha anamanzi sidinga ukuxhaswa. Ukuze uthole amahlumela agobekayo, kusetshenziswa izindandatho, izindlawu noma imicu. Ungavumela nemishayo emide ukuthi ivele nje ebhodweni le-cache-pot. Ukuze ukhiphe izingatsha, thiza izeluleko.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
U-Hoya uhlukaniswa nokungatheleleki okuqinile, ngakho-ke, izifo zezitshalo azithinteki. Ukhunte kuphela lapho kuhlala khona.
Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, emoyeni owomile, izitshalo zingahlaselwa izinambuzane (isicabucabu esibomvu, ama-aphid, izinambuzane ezilinganayo, i-nematode, i-mealybug). Kuyadingeka ukwelapha isiqu nenhlabathi ngesibulala-zinambuzane. Kunzima kakhulu ukuphunyula kumathumbu. Ngokuvamile ukusika okuvela ezingxenyeni ezinempilo zezitshalo kuyasikwa, bese kuthi ezinye amahlumela zishabalale. Inhlabathi nembiza zihlungwa ngaphambi kokutshala.
Izinkinga eziningi zingaqedwa ngokushintsha ukunakekelwa kwe-hoya. Izikhala emaqabungeni avela lapho kunokuntuleka, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukukhanya ngokweqile. Ukukhula kancane, amaqabunga acinene futhi aphelile abonisa ukuntuleka komanyolo. Uma amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi, igumbi lishisa kakhulu.
Imvamisa, ama-hoya aqhakaza njalo futhi ngobukhulu ngaphandle komzamo owengeziwe, kepha uma lokhu kungenzeki, kufanele ulungiselele ukunakekelwa kwesitshalo. Udinga ukukhetha ibhodwe eliqinile. Isikhathi sasebusika kumele sipholile. Ukugeza okufudumele nokuntywiliselwa ebhodweni emanzini afudumele amahora angama-1.5-2 kusiza ukukhuthaza ukuqunjelwa. Lapho kuqhakaza kuvela, awukwazi ukuhambisa isitshalo.
Izimpawu nezinkolelo-ze
Kukhona izinganekwane eziningi ezingqubuzanayo ezungeze i-wax ivy kangangokuba abalimi abaningi bayazibuza: kungenzeka ukugcina i-hoya ekhaya? Abanye bathi yisitshalo somyeni. Bathi u-hoya usinda ekhaya lamadoda amadala (abayeni namadodana). Noma kunjalo, abukho ubufakazi balokhu. Kunenkolelo eguqukayo. Njengokuqinisa ubuhlobo bomndeni, imbali kufanele igcinwe egumbini lokulala.
Noma ngabe kunjani, lesi sitshalo esiyingqayizivele esinama-greenery akhanyayo nezimbali ezinamakha angajwayelekile sifanelwe ukunakwa. Uma ukucabanga kuthokozisa abanikazi futhi kwenza impilo yabo ibe ngcono, kungani ungafaki i-hoya efasiteleni?
