Izingxenye eziyinhloko ezidingekayo kwisitshalo ngasinye yi-potassium, i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus. Bakha izithako eziyinkimbinkimbi ekuthuthukiseni inhlabathi, kodwa ngayinye isetshenziselwa ngokwehlukana ukukhokhela ukuntuleka komunye noma into ethile.
Lesi sihloko sitshela konke mayelana nosawoti we-potash - ukuthi yikuphi, yiziphi umanyolo we-potassium, ukubaluleka kwazo kwezitshalo, ukuthi usawoti we-potassium uyagcinwa kanjani, ukuthi usetshenziswa kanjani kwezolimo, yini eyenza i-potassium izitshalo nezimpawu zokuntuleka kwayo.
Kuyini usawoti we-potassium
I-potassium usawoti - imithombo yamaminerali eqenjini elingewona lensimbi, usawoti kalula otholakala kalula njengama-chemogenic sedimentary rock. I-potassium usawoti yizinto ezibonakalayo embonini yamakhemikhali ekukhiqizeni umanyolo we-potash futhi kuyinhlanganisela yama-sylvinite, kainit ne-potassium chloride.
Amakristalu okusawoti akhiwa ngenxa yokukhuphuka bese epholisa ibhulashi lamachibi ama-potash. Emvelweni, i-potashi usawoti ifakwa ngamalensi noma izendlalelo eduze nalokho okwenzeka khona usawoti oqoshiwe.
Uyazi? Ngombonakaliso wobungane eRoma lasendulo, isivakashi ngasinye salethwa usawoti, futhi eNdiya inkulumo ethi "Ngidla usawoti wakhe" isho ukuthi "iqukethe mina, futhi nginesibopho".
Potash usawoti usawoti
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-potashi usawoti, futhi zitholakala emazweni amaningi emhlabeni. I-deposit enkulu kakhulu ye-potash usawoti aseCanada, eRussia, eBelarus, eJalimane, e-USA, e-India, e-Italy, e-Israel, eJordani, e-Great Britain, e-China nase-Ukraine.
I-deposit enkulu kakhulu yama-potash usawoti e-Ukraine yiStebnikovskoye neKalush-Golinskoye, eRussia - i-Perm Krai (i-Berezniki), naseBelarus - idolobha laseSoligorsk.
Ukwenziwa kosawoti we-potash, kanye nelitshe, kwenziwa ngendlela yokumbiwa kwemayini. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba izendwangu zosawoti zibhekene nokungazinzi nokuhlukumeza kwazo, okuholela ekuweni kwezimayini njalo. 
Amanoni asemvelo akhiqizwa aguqulwa yi-mechanical processing into okuthiwa i-potash salts eluhlaza, okuyizinhlobo ezimbili kuphela - AmaKayini namaSilvin. Ngakho-ke akuzona izingxenye zethusi ezigxilwe kakhulu ezicutshungulwayo. Izinhlobo ezicebile zicutshungulwa ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali.
Uyazi? Izizwe eziningi zazijwayele ukuba "usawoti" ezisanda kuzalwa ukuze zivikeleke emimoya emibi ehlotshaniswa nokuqwashisa, izifo, kanye nezingane.
Uphi usawoti we-potassium osetshenziselwa ezolimo
I-potassium usawoti isetshenziswa kakhulu emnothweni kazwelonke: nasekukhiqizeni isikhumba namapende, nase-pyrotechnics, nasezimbonini zamakhemikhali, nase-electrometallurgy, nasezithombeni, nasemithi, nasekukhiqizeni ingilazi nesepha, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium potassium kwezolimo njengomanyolo kuyaziwa kakhulu. Ama-chloride e-potassium asemqoka kakhulu ekukhuleni okujwayelekile nokuhluma kwezitshalo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezitshalo zomanyolo ezisekelwe ku-potash usawoti: i-potassium sulphate, i-potassium magnesia, i-potassium chloride, i-potashi saltpeter, i-potashi usawoti, i-kainit.
Ku-potassium chloride iqukethe ama-50-60% we-potassium kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-chlorine, inani elibaluleke kakhulu elilimaza izihlahla zezithelo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuyibeka ngaphansi kwezitshalo ezibhekene ne-chlorine kusengaphambili (ikakhulukazi amajikijolo nama-strawberries) ukuze i-chlorine ihlanjwe zibe izingxenye ezijulile zenhlabathi.
I-potassium sulphate - i-potash engcono kunazo zonke zomanyolo wezithelo nezithelo. Akuqukethe ukungcola okulimazayo kwe-sodium, i-magnesium ne-chlorine.
I-potassium usawoti emele ingxube ye-potassium chloride ne-sylvinite, futhi kunconywa ukuthi ukuyisebenzise kuphela ngenxa yesicelo sekwindla njengomanyolo oyinhloko wokumba. Izinga lokufaka isicelo emhlabathini wasawoti ka-potassium yi-30-40 g ngemitha yendawo ngayinye. U-40% usawoti we-potassium unqatshelwe njengomanyolo wezitshalo zeberry. I-potassium usawoti iphumelela kakhulu uma isetshenziselwa ukugqoka ama-beet.
I-potassium nitrate esetshenziselwa ukondla izitshalo ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo zawo nokukhiqiza izitshalo zokushisa.
Kalimagneziya efanelekayo ukutshala izitshalo ezizwela i-chlorine futhi ezidla kakhulu i-magnesium kanye ne-potassium (i-flax, i-clover, amazambane).
Izinkuni zokhuni Kubhekwa njengamanyolo omanyolo angabizi kakhulu, aqukethe ama-macronutrients (phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium). I-Ash ingeniswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. I-Ash iyasiza kakhulu njengokugqoka phezulu izimpande izitshalo, amazambane, iklabishi, i-currants nezinye izitshalo.
Wonke umanyolo we-potash kalula uncibilika emanzini. Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusebenzisa umanyolo we-potash emhlabathini. Ngaphansi kwazo zonke izitshalo nezithelo zensimbi emhlabathini ovulekile, kungcono ukuwaletha ekwindla ngaphansi kokumba njengomanyolo oyinhloko.
I-Potash fertilizer ingasetshenziswa futhi enhlabathini enomanzi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Mayelana nokuthi kungcono ukwenza ama-potash umquba endaweni evikelekile, lokhu kungenziwa uma uhlwanyela izithombo kanye nezimpande zokugqoka. Umphumela omuhle utholakala uma usebenzisa lezi zifaka umquba ekwindla.
Ama-fertilizer e-Potassium avame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nomanyolo we-calcium noma i-lime, ngoba anikezwe i-asidi ephezulu. Iningi le-potassium lenza amagilebhisi aphume enhlabathini, ngakho kufanele afakwe ngamanyolo ama-potassium aqukethe njalo ngonyaka.
Awukwazi ukwenza umanyolo nge-chlorine yamatamatisi namazambane, ayonakalisa ukunambitheka futhi anciphise ukunyuka kwamazambane.
Umphumela we-potassium ezitshalweni
I-Potassium ingenye yezakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu zokudla kwamaminerali kwezitshalo. Izakhiwo ze-potassium zihluke kakhulu:
- Kuvame ukuba nezinqubo zokuxuba umzimba emzimbeni wesitshalo ngakho-ke kukhulisa ukulwa kwabo nesomiso. Uma i-potassium ayanele, izitshalo ziyancipha kakhulu.
- I-Potassium ihileleke ekutheni umzimba we-nitrogen kanye ne-carbohydrate umzimba, kuyi-photosynthesis futhi inomthelela omuhle ekwakheni ama-acids ephilayo kanye nezinqubo ze-oxidation. Uma lesi sitshalo singenaso i-potassium, i-protein synthesis ivinjelwe, futhi inqubo ye-metabolic iyaphazanyiswa ngenxa yalokho.
- Ukwandisa ukuqina kweqhwa kwezitshalo futhi kusize ekubunjweni kokuzivikela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene.
- Ivuselela ama-enzyme abandakanyeka ekugulweni kwe-carbohydrate, futhi inikeza ama-potato ama-starchiness amakhulu kanye noshukela wokuqukethwe kwe-beet nezinye izitshalo zezimpande.
- Inikeza ukuzinza namandla ekutshala izitshalo ngenxa yentuthuko esebenzayo yamafayili. Ngenxa yokungabi nalutho lwe-potassium, izitho zokuzala zezitshalo zivinjelwe, futhi ngenxa yalokho, amahlumela we-inflorescences enza kancane kancane, okusanhlamvu akukhulumi, futhi ukuhluma kuyanda.
- Ithuthukisa umzimba wesimiso.
- Isiza ukuguqula i-monosaccharides ibe yi-poly-ne-oligosaccharides.
- Ikhuthaza ukuvuna okunezimbali ezigcwele nokugcwele.
- Igalela ekuvuneni nge ukunambitheka okuphezulu nokukhushulwa ukulondolozwa.
Uyazi? I-potassium yokuqala yatholwa yi-chemist engumNgisi uDavy futhi yamnika igama elithi "potash", futhi igama elithi "potassium" laphakanyiswa ngo-1809 nguL.V. Gilbert. Emvelweni, i-potassium ingatholakala emanzini olwandle noma emaminerali.
Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-potassium ezitshalweni
Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwezitshalo ze-potassium yizi:
- Amaqabunga ahlanganiswe namabala okugqwala.
- Ukuqedwa kwamaphethelo kanye namathiphu amaqabunga.
- Ukuma kwesitshalo kugobile, kancane kancane kukhula bese kuba mbala ngombala.
- Uhlelo lwempande lwakhiwa kahle, oluthi luthinte isivuno. Izithelo ziyoba zincane futhi zikhululekile.
- Izimila zihambisana nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Kubalulekile! Izitshalo ezahlukene zinesidingo esithile se-potassium. I-sunflower, amazambane, ama-beet, iklabishi, ukunye okunye nokunye okunye okudingekayo kanye nemithi yezithelo zidinga leli qembu kakhulu.
Umhlabathi udlulela nge-potassium
Isakhiwo kanye nezici zenhlabathi zihlukahluka okuqukethwe kwe-potassium kuwo. Kungcono ukugcina inhlabathi enzima ye-potassium (ubumba, i-loam), lapho okuqukethwe kwento ewusizo ku-3%. Emhlabathini olula (isihlabathi nesihlabathi) kungaphansi kakhulu, okungaphezulu kuka-0.05%. Asikho isidingo sokondla lolu hlobo lwamaxhaphozi kuphela osawoti kanye nomhlabathi omnyama owodwa.
Kubalulekile! Umhlaba we-Peaty yiwona ohluphekayo ngokuqukethwe kwe-potassium.Inani eliningi le-potassium lisenhla elingaphansi kwenhlabathi, kodwa inani elikhulu lento alikwazi ukumbalwa yizitshalo, ngoba liyingxenye yezinto ezingenayo kalula. Futhi ngu-10% kuphela we-potassium etholakalayo yokumuncwa.
Yingakho, ukuze ukwandise isivuno, ukuntuleka kwezakhi kumele kugcwale ama-fertilizer. Zichitha kahle emanzini, futhi i-potassium iyatholakala kalula izitshalo zezitshalo.
Amakhomikhali e-Potash - enye yezikhukhumbi ezisemqoka ezisetshenziswa kwezolimo. Ukusebenza ngesikhathi esifanele sokugqoka okuphezulu kuzokuvumela ukuba uthole isivuno esivulekile futhi uzivikele ezinambuzane eziningi nezifo eziningi.
