U-Euonymus - isihlahla noma isihlahlana esivela emndenini wase-Euro. Kuwo wonke unyaka, kushaya ngezinhlobonhlobo nobuhle obumangazayo. Amaqabunga aqhakaza aguqula umbala usuka kokuluhlaza kuye obomvu bese ophuzi. Yize izimbali zingavezi kakhulu, izithelo zisebenza njengomhlobiso omangalisayo. Ngalesi sizathu, lesi sitshalo kudala sanqoba izinhliziyo zabalimi, sibuye sisetshenziswe njengeplanethi yendlu. I-euonymus yasendle itholakala ezimweni zezulu ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi zase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Ngokuya ezweni lazo zohlobo oluthile, izimo zokuboshwa nazo ziyashintsha.
Izici ze-Botanical
I-Euonymus yisihlahla esiphansi noma isihlahlana esidubulayo esifinyelela kumamitha angama-4- 10. Amahlumela anesigaba esiyindilinga noma esingunxande ngokushesha asheshe aqhume bese akha ukukhula kukakhokho. Amacembe aphikisayo anendawo ebushelelezi, enesikhumba atholakala kuwo. I-Foliage icacile, iluhlaza okotshani noma i-motley. Ukukhululeka kwemithambo ephakathi neyemuva kubonakala kahle kuyo. Izinhlobo ezinqabayo nezilokhu zitholakala emvelweni ziyatholakala. Ekwindla yokuqala, izitshalo zishintsha umbala wamaqabunga asuka kokuluhlaza ziye ku-purplish-red, bese kamuva ziba zi-translucent, ziphuzi.
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga, kuqhakaza isihlahla sesiqholo kuqala. Amabhulashi amaqabunga amancane noma izihlangu zakha i-axils yamaqabunga. Izimbali zingafani neze; zinamaphalishi aluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu. Izimbali zihambisana nephunga elibi elibi elibi.
Ngemuva kokuvunda, izithelo ziboshwe - amabhokisi enhlamvu. Isithelo ngasinye esinamaqabunga amane sibukeka njengomcamelo ovuvukala. Ukuvuthwa, amaqabunga aba burgundy, okusajingijolo, ophuzi noma onsomi futhi ovulekile. Ngaphakathi, imbewu enesithombo esinamanzi iyabonakala.
Ukunaka! Yize izithelo zifana namajikijolo anejusi futhi zibukeka zijabule kakhulu, zinobuthi.
Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo
I-genus euonymus ifaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-140 zezitshalo, zazo ezingama-20 iRussia indawo yokuhlala yemvelo.
U-Eugamaus winged. Lesi sitshalo singene ezimpandeni zomfula nasezigangeni zamatshe zezidumbu zamanzi amasha aseChina, Sakhalin naseKorea. Isihlahla esinomqhele ohlotshiswe kakhulu sikhula ngo-2,5- m m ukuphakama. Amagatsha awo e-tetrahedral ambozwe ngokhuni olukhanyayo olungajwayelekile. Amapheshana wesikhumba we-obovate noma ukuma kwe-rhombic ahlukaniswa ngombala oluhlaza omnyama. Phakathi kwabo entwasahlobo ama-inflorescence amaningi avela entwasahlobo anezimbali ezincane eziluhlaza okotshani. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ziphenduka zibomvu. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-compactus zakha umqhele olawulwa kuze kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-2. Siqukethe amaqabunga ama-oval green aluhlaza, athola umthunzi obomvu ekwindla. Izithelo ziwolintshi. Izinhlobo zilibekezelela kahle iqhwa, kepha lingahlushwa ukushisa nesomiso.
Euonymus euonymus. Njengoba inganakekeli inhlabathi, lezi zinhlobo zihlala emahlathini anqenqayo ase-Asia Minor naseYurophu. I-Corky r grows ikhula emahlumela amancane aluhlaza, bese amagxolo acishe abe mnyama. Amahlamvu anjengamaqanda akhula abe yi-cm eziyi-11. Ekwindla, liphenduka libe luhlaza okotshani lube luhlaza. Izithelo ziwolintshi okhanyayo. Inhlobo le iyathandwa ekubonakaleni emadolobheni, ngoba imelana nesomiso, isithwathwa kanye nokungcola komoya. Izinhlobonhlobo "zamakhasethi abomvu" si shrub noma isihlahla esiphakeme ngo-3-4 m. Ehlobo simbozwa ngamahlamvu aluhlaza obumnyama, kepha ekuqaleni kwekwindla siba ngophuzi okhanyayo bese siphuzi.
Fortune euonymus. Izihlahla ezinwabuzelayo, ezihlwabukayo zilungele izifunda ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. I-evergreen ilungele umzila ophakathi nendawo. Imbozwe ngamaqabunga acwebezelayo apinki aluhlaza cishe ngo-4 cm. Amahlamvu aminyene kancane. Izinhlobo:
- I-Emerald Gold - izihlahla ezinwabuzelayo ezingama-50 cm ukuphakama nama-150 cm ububanzi zikhulisa amaqabunga ahlukahlukene agqunywe iphethini legolide;
- I-Emerald Gaeti - isihlahlana esifinyelela ku-25 cm ukuphakama sifanekiswa ngamaqabunga amancane angama-oval anomngcele omhlophe.
I-euonymus yaseJapan (i-mosagated). Isihlahla noma isihlahla esinamahlumela acishe abe mpo ngokwemvelo singakhula sibe ngamamitha ayi-7 ukuphakama. Iphinde isetshenziswe njenge -planethi yendlu. Amahlamvu amakhulu wesikhumba esimise obukhulu onqenqemeni olukhonjwe ngopende oluhlaza omnyama futhi anomngcele omhlophe omncane. Izimbali ezincane eziluhlaza okotshani obukhulu obungu-1 cm ziqoqwa kwizambulela eziminyene. Izithelo zidwetshwe ngombala we-pink-orange.
U-Euonymus warty. Abahlali bezintaba zase-Yurophu nasentshonalanga yeRussia bayisihlahla noma isihlahla ukuphakama okungama-2-5 m. Amahlumela waso aluhlaza aqhakazile ambozwe ngokushesha ngeziqubu ezimnyama zewy. Ehlobo, amaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakazile akha umqhele omnyama, bese ekwindla aphenduka apinki. Phakathi kwamahlamvu izithelo ansundu-abomvu ayabonakala.
I-euonymus incane. Isihlahla esingu-30-100 cm ukuphakama siqukethe amagatsha akhasa futhi akhuphukayo. Iziqu ezincane ziguquguquka, ziluhlaza okotshani, ezinezimbali. Njengoba bekhula, bayakhubazeka futhi bembozwe ngama-warts amnyama. Amaqabunga angaba ngu-4 cm ubude anemibala eluhlaza egqamile kanye nesimo esincane, esilinganayo. NgoJuni, izimbali ezinamaphilisi abomvu ansundu ziyavuleka. Zitholakala kuma-axils amaqabunga ngendlela eyodwa noma ngama-umbrellas angama-2-3 e-buds. Izithelo ziyibhokisi eliphuzi elinezithombo zamawolintshi ezisinki.
I-Eucalyptus maak. Isihlahla esivuthayo noma isihlahla esinezihlahla ezi-3-10 m ubude sihlukaniswa amahlumela aluhlaza okotshani noma obomvu onsundu. Imvamisa kuba khona ukugoba okumpunga ku-cortex. Amaqabunga e-oval noma ama-ovoid akhula ngo-5-12 cm ubude nama-1-5 cm ububanzi. Ekupheleni kukaJuni, kuvela ama-axillary inflorescence anezimbali ezincane ezimhlophe. NgoSepthemba, izithelo zivuthwa zipinki noma zibomvu.
I-euonymus ingcwele. Iziqu zimbozwe yi-pterygoid Outgrowths namaqabunga e-rhomboid aluhlaza ogqamile. Amahlamvu Autumn iba licace, burgundy.
Izindlela zokuzala
Isitshalo esisha singatholakala kusuka ezinhlanyelweni noma ngezindlela zokumila (ezilungele izinhlobo zokuhlobisa).
Imbewu itshalwa izinyanga ezingama-3-4 ngaphambi kokutshala esiqandisini noma kwenye indawo epholile ekushiseni kuka + 2 ... + 3 ° C. Lapha kufanele bahlabe. Kuphela lapho isikhumba esiminyene sigqekeza iningi lembewu, sihlanza izithombo bese siphathwa nge-potanganum permanganate solution. Lungiselela kusengaphambili izitsha zokutshala ngenhlabathi evundile engadini exutshwe nesihlabathi. Imbewu itshalwe enhlabathini ngamasentimitha amabili 2. Isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu futhi sigcinwe ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ama-Shots angabonakala ngezinsuku eziyi-15-20. Abanye abalimi bazilolonga ngokutshala i-euonymus ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile. Ekwindla, imibhede imbozwe ngotshani kanye namagatsha e-spruce.
Amahlumela asisekelo angatshalwa. Entwasahlobo, lapho amahlumela aqine ngokwanele, kepha angeqi ku-40-50 cm ukuphakama, ayembiwa. Impande kufanele ibe ngu-25-30 cm ubude futhi ibe ngu-1.5 cm. Isigaxa sobumba asinyakaziswanga ngokuphelele futhi asomile ngaphandle, kepha sibekwa ngokushesha endaweni engapheli noma ebhodweni lokukhula.
Engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo ungasika ukusika okuluhlaza okungu-7 cm ubude ngamafindo angama-1-2. Ingxenye engezansi iphathwa nge-isivuseleli sokukhula bese amahlumela atshalwe emabhodweni ngesihlabathi nangomhlabathi we-peat. Amahlumela agcinwa endaweni epholile, kodwa enokhanya kahle. Inqubo yokubamba imbala ithatha izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2, emva kwalokho zidluliselwe emhlabeni ovulekile.
Ezinhlotsheni zasendlini noma ezimfishane, indlela yokuhlukanisa isihlahla kufanelekile. Ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu, kunzima ukubona ngokomzimba. Kuyadingeka ukumba isitshalo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngefosholo noma i-blade, ingxenye ye-rhizome ene-shoot eqinile iyahlukaniswa. Ukuze uvumelane nezimo ezingcono, iziqu zifushaniswa ngama-60-70%. U-Delenki ubekwe ngokushesha emigodini yokubamba.
Ukuze uthole izihlahlana ezinezindawo zokuhlalisa indawo, kulula ukusebenzisa indlela yokubamba imbala, ngoba amahlumela angazijula ngokwawo ngokuxhumana nenhlabathi. Igatsha elinamandla libekwa emhlabathini, liqiniswe ngesigaxa futhi lifafazwe nomhlaba. Phezulu kwesokunxele phezulu. Ukubonakala kwezimpande kuboniswa amahlumela amancane. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ihlumela lisikwa eduze kwesitshalo somama bese lidluliselwa endaweni entsha.
Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphandle
Njengoba izimo zokuphila emvelweni zihlukile ezinhlotsheni ezihlukile ze-euonymus, ukunakekelwa kwabo kuyahluka. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukutadisha izici zokunakekelwa kwezinhlobo ezithile ezithile. Izitshalo eziningi zitshalwa kangcono emthunzini oyingxenye. I-euonymus euonymus ikhula kahle ngaphansi kwelanga elikhanyayo, kanti ama-warty nama-euonymos aseYurophu bazizwa bekhululekile emthunzini.
Inhlabathi esakhiweni kumele ibe nokukhululeka futhi evundile. Ukuvela kwamanzi asemhlabeni okusondele, kanye nenhlabathi yobumba eminyene kuzovimbela ukukhula. I-Acidity kufanele ingathathi hlangothi noma i-alkali kancane. I-Lime yengezwa emhlabathini we-acidic.
Ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa kuncishiswa ukukhululwa kwenhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokunisela okungatheni. Ukubekwa phansi kwamanzi kwesayithi akwemukeleki, kepha isomiso esincane ngeke silimaze.
Entwasahlobo, ukuthenwa kuyimpoqo. Susa amagatsha omile nezindawo ezinwebekile.
Kabili ngesizini ngayinye ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, izihlahla zivundiswa ngomkhakha wamaminerali. Igcotshwa kahle emanzini bese ithululelwa enhlabathini kude nesiqu.
Ubusika, indawo yokukhosela emagatsheni e-spruce namaqabunga awile kubalulekile. Lapho lesi sitshalo sifinyelela eminyakeni emi-3, singabusika ngaphandle kokukhosela.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-euonymus ayihlushwa yizifo zezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, ihlaselwa njalo lapho kuhlaselwa izicabucabu, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa nge-acaricides ("Aktara", "Aktellik") kwenziwa kwentwasahlobo ngezinhloso zokuthintela.
Ukukhula ekhaya
I-euonymus nayo ingaba ngumhlobiso omuhle wasekhaya. Ngenxa yokugunda izinwele njalo, ubukhulu bayo ngeke bukhulu kakhulu futhi isihlahla silingana ngokuphelele efasiteleni noma kudeskithophu.
Isibani Ama-euonymos amaningi akhanya ngokukhanya. Zikhula ngokulinganayo emthunzini oyingxenye noma elangeni elikhanyayo. Izinhlobo ezixubile zidinga ukukhanya kwelanga. Ehlobo kusuka elangeni lasemini, ukuvikela kuyadingeka.
Ukushisa Isimo sezulu esishisayo sesitshalo asisihle neze. Kuzwakala kungcono egumbini elipholile (+ 18 ... + 25 ° C). Ebusika, lesi sibalo sincishiswa saba ngu- + 6 ... + 8 ° C. Okuqukethwe okufudumele kuholela ekudonsa ingxenye yamahlamvu.
Umswakama. Ingaphezulu lesikhumba lamaqabunga liwavikela ekuhwabeni ngokweqile, ngakho-ke umswakama akuyona into enkulu. Ukuze ulondoloze ubuhle, amaqabunga asulwa noma ahlanzwa othulini.
Ukunisela. Ama-euonymos amaningi adinga ukuthambisa njalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, zikhula kangcono futhi zishesha, futhi futhi zibopha nenqwaba yezithelo. Kubalulekile ukususa uketshezi olwedlulele kwisigaxa ngendlela efanele.
Umanyolo. NgoMashi-Septhemba, ingxenye yomanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi usetshenziswa njalo ngenyanga emhlabathini.
Izihlahla. Ukwenza umqhele ube lukhuni, ama-euonymos ancitshwa njalo. Kungcono ukukwenza entwasahlobo. Phina futhi amahlumela amasha. Isitshalo sibekezelela ukugunda izinwele okuhle, singanikezwa cishe kunoma yisiphi isimo. Ezinye izingcweti zakha ngisho ne-bonsai.
Ukufakelwa Inqubo yenziwa njalo ngeminyaka engama-2-3. Uhlelo lwezimpande lwe-eugamaus alukhethi, ngakho-ke izimbiza ezijulile kakhulu azidingeki. Amashadi amakhulu obumba noma ama-chip wezitini ahlala abekwa phansi. Engxenyeni yenhlabathi kumele ibe khona:
- isihlabathi;
- inhlabathi eshidi;
- iqabunga humus;
- umhlabathi omfusa.
Sebenzisa ekwakhiweni komhlaba
I-euonymus ihlobisa kakhulu. Ifaka kahle ingadi yasekwindla, kepha futhi ibukeka kahle ehlobo. Amabhasi nezihlahla zingasetshenziswa ekutshaleni solo maphakathi nendawo, futhi kudaleke umngcele eceleni kwendlela, izindonga nothango ngosizo lokufika komhlaba. Isitshalo sihlanganiswa nabamele ama-conifers (i-spruce, i-juniper, i-thuja).
