UMelilot ungumbala onotshani womndeni wama-legume. Kutholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, kepha kuvame kakhulu e-Eurasia. Lesi sitshalo saziwa kakhulu ngaphansi kwamagama athi "i-sweet clover", "burkun", "utshani obulele", "hare chill", "insipho yotshani", "esitebeleni". Yize kungenzeki ukubiza i-clover kuphela ukuhlobisa, kuletha inzuzo enkulu kusiza nomuntu, futhi futhi kuyisitshalo esihle kakhulu soshukela. Ngenxa yalokhu, kufanelekile okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni embalwa ukuyitshala endaweni.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Melilotus yisitshalo se-herbaceous esine-biennial noma juvenile sifinyelela ku-1 m ukuphakama. I-Rhizome enamandla, enamagatsha anamanzi ingangena enhlabathini ijule ngamasentimitha ayi-150. Iziqu ezincane, ezinamagatsha anamincane zimbozwe ngesikhumba esiluhlaza obushelelezi. Bakha uhlaza lwasemoyeni olude kodwa olubonakalayo.
On the amahlumela kukhona amaqabunga amancane ovoid noma lanceolate nge wavy noma imiphetho serated. Zigoba kancane eceleni komthambo ophakathi nendawo. Amahlamvu apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Ethini ngalinye leqabunga eli-3 elihlukene liyakhula. Amasampula amancane atholakala lapho kuhlangana khona nesiqu. Eqabwini eliphakathi le-petiole lide kakhulu kune-lateral.
Phezulu esiqwini kanye nezinqubo ezilandelwayo, kwakhiwa ama-inflorescence amade kodwa acekeceke. Ama-corollas amancane kwizinyawo ezifushane ezishintshashintshayo esimeni esifana ne-moth 2-7 cm. Izimbali zidwetshwe ngombala ophuzi noma omhlophe. Isikhathi sezimbali siqala ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti futhi sithatha cishe inyanga. Maphakathi no-Septhemba, izithelo zivuthwa - ubhontshisi omncane, omude ngamabele amancane wetiyi abukeka njengobhontshisi.
Izinhlobo ze-clover ezimnandi
Uhlobo lwe-clover alunakubizwa ngokuthi luhlukile. Kuhlanganisa nezinhlobo ezingama-22 zezitshalo.
UMelilotus officinalis (ophuzi). Isitshalo esine-biennial enesiqu sokuqina sakha i-airy, ihlumela elihlotshisiwe lingu-100-150 cm. Simbozwe ngamahlamvu amancane ama-lanceolate. Amasheya akhula kuma-petioles amancane futhi abe nemiphetho emincane. Ama-inflorescences ngesimo samabhulashi amancanyana avele aqhume eziqwini ezondile. Ama-nimbus amancanyana aphuzi. Ama-petals azungeze ama-stamens amade ayi-10, ayi-9 awo ngemicu efakiwe. Ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, ukuqhakaza kwenzeka ngoJuni-Septhemba.
UMelilot umhlophe. I-biennial noma yonyaka enesiqu esinezimbali ikhula ngo-60-170 cm ukuphakama. Ukudutshulwa kumbozwe ngamaqabunga kathathu angavamile. Ingaphezulu lihlotshiswe ngebhulashi elincane elinesimbali esincane esimhlophe. Ziqhakaza ehlobo. Sekukonke, izimbali zihlala cishe inyanga, kepha imbali eyodwa ihlala izinsuku ezi-2. Isitshalo sikhiqiza inani elikhulu lompe futhi yisitshalo soju esihle kunazo zonke kuhlobo.
UMelilot waseNdiya. I-compact herbaceous minyaka yonke ikhula ngo-15-50 cm ukuphakama. Iziqu zaso zimbozwe ngamapheshana amancane, angama-obovate aluhlaza obumnyama noma ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amabhulashi amafushane aqondile aqukethe izimbali eziphuzi 2-3 mm ubude Ziqhakaza engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo.
Iphakethe le-clover emnandi. Utshani minyaka yonke bukhula kancane ngama-pubescent, amahlumela aqhakaze kancane abe ngu-15-100 cm. Ingxenye engezansi yesiqu kancane iba bomvu. Amahlamvu esondele emhlabathini makhulu. Ngokubambisana ne-petiole, ubude bawo bufika ku-6.5 cm. Umbala wamahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani. Ehlobo, amahlumela aqothulayo anezimbali ezinomphuzi ophuzi ama-5-7 mm ubude avuleke amahlumela.
Ukutshala imbewu
Ngenxa yomjikelezo wokuphila omfushane, i-clover isatshalaliswa ngembewu. Kuhlwanyelwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphambi kobusika noma ngoMashi-Ephreli emazingeni okushisa angama-0 ... + 4 ° C. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu ifakwe emanzini afudumele amahora angama-2-4, ukuze isikhumba sithambe. Ukuhluma okungcono, ukuqhekeka nakho kuyenziwa.
Imigwaqo enobubanzi obungu-1.5-2 cm ilungiselelwe ukuhlwanyelwa kude nge-50-60 cm. Imbewu ihlakazeka ngesandla noma kusetshenziswa imishini yezolimo. Izinga lokusebenzisa imbewu: 200-250 g / ar. Amahlumela avela ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15. Lapho izithombo zikhula amanye amaqabunga angempela, ziyakhula, zikhulisa ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ukuya ku-30 cm. Ngonyaka wokuqala, izimbali zenzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, ngakho-ke izithelo azivuthi. Akukuningi.
Izici Zokunakekela
Ekunakekelweni kotshani ayisiyonto emnandi. Indima enqumayo idlalwa ukukhetha indawo okuyiyona. Isitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okuningi. Ibekezelela ukushisa okuqinile kanye nesithwathwa ngokulinganayo, ngakho-ke ayidingi indawo yokukhosela.
Inhlabathi yokutshala ingaba ubumba olusindayo, olunesihlabathi noma olunamadwala. Ngisho nasemhlabathini we-saline, i-clover izokhula. Kodwa-ke, emazweni anezikhukhula nezinezikhukhula akakwazi ukusinda. Ibuye ivumelane kahle namatshe. Ngaphambi kokutshala, umhlaba uvundiswa ngenani elincane lezinto eziphilayo. Umanyolo omningi awudingeki.
Izitshalo ziyamelana nesomiso, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile azidingi kuniselwa. Ngaphandle kokungabikho isikhathi eside kwezulu, lapho inhlabathi iqhekeke kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi unisele okutshalekile ngokufafaza.
Ekwindla, yonke inhlabathi engenhla iyoma futhi iyafa. I-rhizome ekhule kahle, futhi ihlala ingaphansi komhlaba. Kusekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, amahlumela amasha avela emahlumela wokuvuselela. Uma kunamanzi amaningi kakhulu kusuka eqhweni elincibilikile, amahlumela angabola.
Lapho i-sweet clover isetshenziswa njengendawo emincane, ifolishi nezitshalo zokwelapha, isikwa esigabeni sokuhluma. Ukwengeza isisindo esiluhlaza, kunconywa ukunciphisa izimpande ngomlimi okhethekile. Ngemuva kwalokho izothuthuka kangcono futhi igcwale izakhi zomzimba.
Ukusetshenziswa komnotho
UMelilot uletha izinzuzo ezinhle esizeni. Umanyolo oluhlaza omuhle kakhulu. I-biomass ejikelekile ngesikhathi sokubola inikeza inhlabathi ngenqwaba yezithako ze-nitrogen nezinye izakhi zomsoco. Ngasikhathi sinye, impande eqinile futhi ende ingena ekujuleni futhi ikhulule kahle ngisho namagabha phansi phansi nobumba obukhulu.
Umhlaba uya ngokuya ukhululeka futhi uvundile. Esihlabathini esithandekayo nenhlabathi elula, ama-rhizomes, kunalokho, anethonya elibophayo futhi avikele ukuguguleka. Uma ungasiki amahlumela, zizobamba iqhwa. Inzuzo eyengeziwe ye-clover emnandi amandla ayo okulwa nokubola kwezimpande, ama-wireworms kanye nama-nematode. Futhi, iphunga lawo lixosha izinduku.
Utshani obusha kanye ne-hay etholakala ku-cut clover iqukethe izakhamzimba eziningi. Isitshalo singancintisana kalula ne-alfalfa noma i-clover. Ngeshwa, njengoba zikhula eziqubeni, inani elikhulu lama-coumarin lanqwabelana, futhi liba lukhuni kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiswa kokuphakelwa kwenziwa esiteji sokuqunjelwa. I-Melilot inconywa ukuhlanganisa nezinye izitshalo. Kwenyusa inani lobisi namafutha omzimba ezilwaneni.
Isiko lidlala indima ebalulekile njengesitshalo soju. I-clover emhlophe isebenza kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izinyosi ziqoqa umpe ngo-1.5-2 c / ha.
Uju lweMelilot lunomhlophe, umbala we-amber nephunga elikhulukazi. Kusetshenziswa hhayi njengesengezo esimnandi, kepha futhi nasekwelashweni. Ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo kunyusa i-lactation kwabesifazane abancelayo. Kuthathwa futhi njenge-antispasmodic, diuretic, i-ejenti yokulwa nokuvuvukala. Yehlisa izinhlungu, idambise umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye nemithambo yokuphefumula yokuphefumula. Ibuye isetshenziswe ngaphandle, isebenzisa izingcindezi esifubeni nge-mastitis.
Izici zokwelapha
I-clover emnandi inothile kuma-coumarins, amafutha abalulekile, ama-resin, i-mucus, i-tannins. Kusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo kwezokwelapha zendabuko. Ngenhloso yokwelapha, izimbali nengxenye engenhla yamahlumela enamahlamvu isetshenzisiwe. Ziyasikwa futhi zomiswe, bese zithathwa ngezandla, bese kuthi iziqu ezinzima zisuswe. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivelayo zigcinwa ezimvilophini zamaphepha kuze kube yiminyaka emi-2. Inomphunga oqinile omnyama kanye ne-aftertaste ebuhlungu.
Izithako, ama-decoction kanye ne-infusions yotshwala kwenziwa ngotshani obomile. Ama-decoctions kanye ne-tinctures athathwa ngomlomo ekwelapheni ukuqwasha, ikhanda, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-bronchitis, i-flatulence kanye ne-cystitis. Izingcindezi ezivela kuma-decoctions zisetshenziselwa i-mastitis, radiculitis, sprain, hemorrhoids, izinqubo zokuvuvukala namanxeba esikhunjeni. Ukugcotshwa kwezimbali kusiza ukudambisa izinhlungu ezihlangene.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Clover kune-contraindication. Okokuqala, ngaphandle kokukhetha, wonke umuntu akufanele andise umthamo, ngoba ama-coumarins angaba nomthelela ongemuhle empilweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, isiyezi, ukuqwasha, nekhanda kuyavela. I-Melilot ibuye iphikiswe uma kungenzeka kuphume izifo zangaphakathi nokopha kwesibindi.
