Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nezinyathelo zokuzivikela ngesikhathi esifanele, lesi sifo ngeke siphumelele amaqabunga nezihlahla ze-monstera, noma kunjalo, uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa kwezimo, lesi sitshalo sizokwazisa mayelana nokuba khona kwezinkinga ngokubonakala kwayo.
Ezimweni eziningi, lesi sitshalo sishintsha umbala, sichitha amaqabunga, sakha ngokushesha, futhi shintsha isimo.
Ngakho-ke, ake sicabangele izifo ezivame kakhulu zalesi sitshalo, qaphela izinambuzane zayo futhi uthole ukuthi yikuphi ngempela ukugxila ekushintsheni kancane kwesimo sesitshalo.
I-Monstera: incazelo
Endle, i-monster ibizwa ngokuthi i-liana enkulu engomndeni we-aroid. Lezi zinhlobo zikhula emahlathini ashisayo, asezindaweni ezilinganayo zaseNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika ngisho naseBrazil.
Uyazi? EYurophu, imbali yavela e-Asia, lapho yabuyiselwa khona ngekhulu le-XVII.E-floriculture yesimanje, i-Monstera iyisimbali esivame ukuvulwa ngaphakathi, ehlukaniswa nokubukeka kwayo okungajwayelekile nokungazethembi ngokunakekelwa. Lapho udala izimo ezinhle zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa, ngisho nasekhaya, lesi sitshalo singafinyelela amamitha amane, futhi eminyakeni emihlanu nje engu-6 kuphela.
Nokho, kunikeziwe lokho I-Monstera iyi-liana, njalo idinga ukwesekwa okuzinzile, okuzothatha umuthi, gcina isikhala bese unikeza isitshalo ukubukeka okumangalisayo.
Ububanzi bamaqabunga aqoshiwe alesi sitshalo kaningi kufinyelela ku-45 cm. Amahlamvu amancane aphelele, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimbobo zivela emaqenjini amaqabunga, okwanda ngokukhula kweqabunga.
Ngaphandle kwesimiso sesitshalo esivamile, ngenxa yokuthi umvini ukhula emthini, izimpande zangaphakathi nazo zibaluleke kakhulu. Zifinyelela emhlabathini bese zondla isitshalo emhlabathini.
Ukulenga noma ukugcoba kahle emakhaya ethu kuyoba yombusazwe, i-hoya, i-sincapsus, i-passionflower, i-tunbergia, i-jasmine.
I-Monstera izimbali zifana nezinye izibungu ze-aroid futhi zibonakala nge-inflorescence yangempela, efana ne-corncob eboshwe embhedeni.
Izithelo ze-Monstera zimelelwa ngamaminithi angu-20 ububanzi obunambithekabhanana. Ngendlela, emazweni athile, lesi sitshalo sinconywa ngokunambitheka. Yiqiniso, i-monstera yangaphakathi akunakwenzeka ukukuhlaba umxhwele ngesithelo esiphundu, ngoba ezimweni ezinjalo lesi sitshalo asivamile ukuqhakaza.
Incazelo kanye nesithombe sezinambuzane ze-Monstera
Naphezu kokuthi i-Monstera ihlukumezeka ekunakekeleni, ukulwa nezifo ezihlukahlukene nezinambuzane ezivame ukuthelela isitshalo, udinga ukwazi ngezindlela ezanele zokwelashwa nokuqedwa kwazo.
Shchitovka
Shchitovka - oyedwa wezitha zokuqala zomlimi, othembisa inani elikhulu lezitshalo zasekhaya. Inambuzane iyingozi ngoba kunzima ukuyibona ezinyathelweni zokuqala, ngoba iselula kakhulu futhi ayihlali endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside.
Ama-fithobus okuqala, ama-ficus angenakulibaleka, ama-echmeas angenakulibaleka, ama-violets ashubile, i-nolina exotic, i-Hoveya ejabule, i-plumeria enhle kakhulu, i-airyprison enomdlandla, i-miltonia ekhangayo, i-orchid emnyama engaqondakaliyo, amathuna asendulo angahlobisa ikhaya lakho.Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-scarab ehlukahlukene, kodwa zonke zihlangene ngokuba khona kohlobo lwe-wax isihlangu esihlanganisa umzimba wezinambuzane. Ngokuqondene ne-Monsteras, ngakho-ke kudingeka uvame ukulwa ne-ivy isihlangu, esasakazeka masinyane emahlumela ashisayo, izimpande ezithandekayo futhi nakanjani emaqabeni ngokwawo.
Uma usuvele usola izinkinga nge-monster yakho futhi ufuna izifo zokugula noma izinambuzane emaqabunga awo, kungenzeka ukuthi uzobona ukucindezeleka, ukulahlekelwa ukuhlotshiswa nokuphuza amaqabunga amahlamvu, okuzoqala ukuwa.Konke lokhu kufakazela ukuba khona kwe-scythosite, futhi ukubukeka kwesikhunta esimnyama okwenzekayo emanzini wezinambuzane kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuqagela kwakho.
Ukuze kuqedwe izinkinga ezinjalo, amaqabunga e-monster asula nge-swab yekotini noma indwangu ehlanzekile ngaphambili eyayifakwe emanzini ase-soapy. Ukwanda komswakama ekamelweni, kuhlangene nokunciphisa okufanayo ngesikhathi sokushisa, kuzosiza.
Ngokutheleleka okuqinile kwesitshalo kufanele kusetshenzwe. Isixazululo se-0.2% se-rogora, kodwa lapha kunzima kakhulu ukulwa nesihlangu kulesi sigaba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kakade akunakwenzeka. Uma yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa ingalethi umphumela oyifunayo, izingxenye ezithintekile kuzodingeka zisuswe.
Thrips
Ama-thrips, okuvame ukubhekwa ngokuthi "buboporny", yizinambuzane ezincane ezihlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi. I-Monstera ingenye yezitshalo eziningi ezibhekene nalezi zinambuzane nezifo ezibangelwa yizo. 
Kunzima kakhulu ukucacisa ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezihleliwe embali yakho, ngoba kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-300 zalezi zinambuzane endaweni yesikhundla se-Soviet, futhi ubuncane babo abukali ngokucacile ukungezwani kwe-intraspecific.
Okudumile kunazo zonke yizinto ezibizwa ngokuthi i-ornamental, i-rassyednyh, i-rosanny, i-bulbous, ugwayi, i-dracenic nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo.
Uma nje amabala esiliva aqhakazile avela emaqabunga asitshalo, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esiqinisekayo sokuthi izinambuzane azikwazi ukuhanjiswa nazo, ngoba lezi zinguquko zibonisa ukuthi isitshalo sithintekile yi-thrips.
Into yokuqala ongayenza ukugeza isihlahla ngaphansi kweshawa eshisayo., kodwa ngokunqotshwa okukhulu, ukwelashwa kuphela ngezindlela ezikhethekile kuzosiza. Isibonelo, ungakwazi ukuchitha 2 ml we-Fitoverma ngo-200 ml wamanzi bese uphefa isitshalo ngesisombululo esiphelele. Emva kwenkambiso, isikhwama seplastiki esibonakalayo sifakwa kwi-monstera, lapho kufanele sigcinwe okungenani amahora angu-24.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuvame ukusetshenziswa I-Vertimek (2.5 ml wezidakamizwa ihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi), emva kokucubungula okufaka isikhwama seplastiki esihlahleni.
Ukuze ubhekane ne-thrips sisize ezinye izidakamizwa zanamuhla, phakathi kwazo eziphuma "Agravertin". Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi emazingeni okushisa ngezansi kwe-+18 ° C, ayifinyelele kahle emzimbeni wesitshalo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwalezi zinambuzane kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi ekushiseni okungcono kakhulu (ngoba iningi lezilwane liyi-20- + 25 ° C), ziphinde ziphindwe kabili izinombolo ezinsukwini ezingu-4-6.
Kubalulekile! Uma i-thrips itholakele ku-monster, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlole ngokushesha zonke izitshalo ezikhulayo, ngoba lezi zinambuzane zingakwazi ukuhambisa kalula izimbali ezizungezile.
Isibungu se-spider
I-spider mite ivame ukuhlala ngaphansi kweqabunga lamaqabunga e-Monstera, ukuwafaka ngama-cobwebs amancane, ngenxa yokuthi ayomile futhi alahlekelwe ukuheha kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubonakala kwalo esitshalweni kungagwetshwa ngamachashazi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emkhakheni weqabunga leqabunga, eligcina lihlangana endaweni eqhubekayo.
Amaqabunga abathintekile athola umbala ohlaza obala ongenalutho, emva kwalokho aphendukile futhi afe. Ekulweni nalesi sizazane kusiza "Fitoverm", futhi njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, ungakwazi ukupaka njalo i-monster ngamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa futhi ugcine umswakama ophezulu ekamelweni.
Amakhambi omphakathi ukulwa nezinambuzane zezihlahla - ama-anyanisi ama-pei, ama-garlic infusions, i-infusions, i-soap solution.Ngokutheleleka okuqinile ngezimbungu zesicabucabu, i-Actellic izosiza ekubhekaneni nenambuzane: amaconsi angu-15 omuthi ahlanjululwa ku-1 litre lamanzi futhi aphilisiwe esitshalweni.
Ukufudumala ekamelweni kuzophinde kusetshenziswe izilo, kodwa khumbula nje ukuthi emaphethelweni amaqabunga nawo angasuka emiphumeleni yemidwebo.
I-Mealybug
I-mealybug ifana kakhulu ne-woodlice, kodwa ngaphezulu kuphela ihlanganiswe ne-white wax flux evikela isisulu kuma-insecticide emzimbeni. Lezi zinambuzane zingahamba ngokukhululekile ezitshalweni, nakuba ezimweni eziningi zithatha isimo esinqunyiwe, ziqoqa ama-sinus eqabunga. 
Ngokutheleleka okunzulu, izilo ngeke zomele kuphela amathiphu amaqabunga, kodwa futhi amaqabunga amaqabunga awonakele azophela ngokuphelele, futhi isitshalo ngokwawo siyoyeka ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Ngokuvamile, amabhola amancane okotini, futhi abukeka njengesibungu, atholakala ngaphansi kweshidi, kodwa ngokuvamile afika ohlelweni lwempande.
Esikhathini esilandelayo, zivele zidale inkinga enkulu, ngoba izinambuzane zihlala zingaphenduki futhi zingabonakala kuphela ngokususa isitshalo embizeni (umthamo omhlophe owakhiwa ngamakoloni ezinambuzane ubonakala ngokucacile ezimpandeni).
Njengendlela yokuvimbela, ungakwazi ukugeza amaqabunga njalo, ngenkathi uhlola ubuso bawo ngaphakathi. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ngezinye izitshalo eziseduze ne-monster: i-cacti kanye ne-succulents kukhona eqenjini eliyinhlekelele.
Izindwangu ezisuka ezinambuzaneni ziphathwa ngezinambuzane eziphilayo Inta-vir, Aktara, Fitoverm, Calypso, Konfidor, Fufanon, Decis, Aktellik, isulfure.
Ezimpawu zokuqala zokuphila kwe-mealybug, isitshalo esilimele sihlukanisiwe futhi izikhathi eziningana siphathwe nganoma yikuphi ukulungiselela okuhloswe ukulwa nezinambuzane ezisondezayo. Ukuphalaza kwenziwa ngekhefu kwezinsuku ezingu-4-6. 
Uyazi? I-Monstera ayinayo ijusi elinobuthi, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezinhle ze-needle ezinjengamaqabunga, okungase kubangele ukukhathazeka kakhulu uma ungazami ukuhlafuna leli qabunga.
Ama-Major Monstera Diseases
Ngenkathi ukunakekelwa kahle kwe-monster, lesi sifo asithinti kalula, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi ngeke bakuphazamise. Izifo ezivame kakhulu yi-fusarium, ukulimaza, i-chlorosis, i-anthracnose nokubola.
I-Fusarium
Lesi yisifo esithathelwanayo esithathelwanayo esithathelwanayo, esivame ukutholakala ezindlini zendlu. I-fungus isemhlabathini futhi ithinta izimbali nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, nakuba iveza ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ezitshalweni ezincane, ukubola kwezimpande kanye nesistimu yezimpande kuvame ukugcinwa (ezindaweni ezithintekile, izicubu ziqala ukukhula zibe nsundu, kanti isitshalo siba mncane, amaqabunga aphuzi).
Ngokushesha lesi sitshalo saphela ngokuphelele futhi sishabalalisa. Ezimweni eziningi, izifo zitholakale ezihlotsheni ezibuthakathaka, ikakhulukazi uma zikhula ezimweni zomswakama ophezulu nomoya. Uma uqaphele ukususwa kwezingxenye ezithile zesitshalo noma awukwazi ukuqonda ukuthi kungani i-monstera ishiya isomile, sekuyisikhathi sokusola isikhunta.
Phytophthora
I-Phytophthora (noma ukulimala okwesikhashana) isaziwa kangcono njengesifo sezitshalo ezingenasisindo, noma kunjalo, kuvame ukutholakala ekamelweni lokulima. Le fungus ithinta noma yikuphi ingxenye yesitshalo, kodwa ngokuvamile iveza ngezindlela zempande nokubola. 
Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo kwenzeka ngomhlabathi, ukutshala impahla, imishini kanye namanzi. I-Monstera ingaba nesandulela ngculazi ngaphambi kokuqala kwesifo, futhi ezinyathelweni zokuqala nje imisa ukuthuthukiswa kwayo.
Kodwa-ke, emva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa uzobona ukubola kwembali. Yiqiniso, le migomo ayilungile, ngoba okuningi kule ndaba kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwe-pathogen ye-fungal nokutholakala kwesitshalo, okubuye kube yimbangela yezimo zenhlabathi ezimbi.
Kubalulekile! Isibonakaliso sokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwesimiso esibucayi sekwephuzile kunamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaqabunga nasezihlakalweni ze-Monstera, lapho uhlaza oluhlaza olubonakalayo lubonakala khona ngokucacile. Engxenyeni engezansi yeqabunga lamaqabunga, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esimanzi, i-plaque emhlophe e-moldy ye-mycelium iyakhiwa.Ukunisela okuneqile noma okunamandla kakhulu i-substrate ingabangela ukuthi kwenzeke ukulimala okwesikhashana, futhi njengoba nje kungekho ndlela ephumelelayo yokulwa nalesi sifo, khona-ke kufanele uphonsa i-monster kanye nommbiza nomhlabathi.
Chlorosis
I-chlorosis yezitshalo ibonakala ekuphuleni ukwakhiwa kwe-chlorophyll emaqabungeni nokuncipha komsebenzi we-photosynthesis. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umbala weqabunga le-monstera eligulayo lishintsha kusuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya ophuzi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi i-leaf leaf ingaba yibala ngokuphelele. 
Noma kunjalo, akufanele ukwethuke ngokushesha, ngoba into enjalo ingabonwa ngisho noma isitshalo sisendaweni ekhanyayo isikhathi eside.
Uma, emva kokudlulisa ibhodlela endaweni encane ekhanyiswe, amaqabunga amaqabunga aqhubeka ephuzi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokwelashwa kwesifo. Kulezi zinhloso, kuvame ukusetshenziswa i-chelate yensimbi, okungathengwa kalula kunoma yisiphi isitolo esikhethekile (umthamo uboniswa emiyalweni).
I-Anthracnose
Ngaphambi kokuba abashayeli bezinkampani zesikhombisa bavame ukubuza umbuzo: kungani i-monsteras iphenduka umnyama? Eqinisweni, kungase kube nezizathu eziningana zokwenyuka kwemvelo, futhi isimo sezingxenye ezimnyama zekhadi leshidi lidlala indima ebalulekile.
Isibonelo, nge-anthracnose akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi amaqabunga abe mnyama ngokuphelele, kodwa anezindawo eziphuzi eziphuzi, ezungezwe izindandatho ezimnyama ezimnyama.
Isitshalo esibulalayo silahlekelwa yizo zonke izindawo zayo zokuhlobisa, yingakho ngokushesha ziqala ukulwa nalesi sifo ngokushesha ngemva kokuba izibonakaliso zokuqala zivele.
Esikhathini sokuqala, ngaphambi kokuba lesi sifo sithele ngokuphelele kulesi sitshalo, izingxenye ezithintekayo kufanele zisuswe, bese ngekhefu elilodwa nesigamu ukuya emavikini amathathu, baphathe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngezilungiselelo ze-fungicidal (isibonelo, "Oxyhom" noma i-sulphate yethusi).
Uma ulahlekelwe ukuqala kokuthuthukiswa kwe-anthracnose futhi izimpawu zayo zibonakala kulo lonke isitshalo, kungcono ukubhubhisa imbali ngokushesha, okuzosiza ukugwema ukungcola kwezinye izitshalo.
Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kubalulekile ukususa amaqabunga omile esitshalweni ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, futhi ungaphonsa lesi silo i-copper oxide noma i-cuproxate.
Njengoba lesi sifo sikwazi ukubekezelela kalula nge-inventory, izinambuzane, noma ngisho nemvula, ngakho-ke, uma unakekela imbali, udinga ukunaka lezi zici.
Phenduka
Ngokuvamile, amaqabunga e-monstera aphenduka amnyama noma amhlophe ngokuphelele noma ayingxenye, futhi ukuze aqonde ukuthi benzeni, kubalulekile ukuqonda izimbangela zalesi simo. Okokuqala, umuntu kufanele aqaphele umbuso wokunisela, ngoba ngenxa yokungabi nomswakama, amaqabunga esitshalo aqala ukuphuzi bese elula, kepha uma kunomswakama kakhulu, ubumnyama bubonakala emaqabunga aluhlaza.
Kulesi simo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokubola: zomile futhi zimanzi. Kuzokwanela nje ukubuka i-monster, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho uthola ukugeleza, udinga ukunciphisa ngokushesha ukuchelela.
Izindwangu zezindlu zivame ukushaywa futhi zibole imfucuza, kanti nakuba i-monstera iphikisana ngokwanele nezifo, ayivikelekile kuyo. Ezigabeni zokuqala zalesi sifo, izindawo ezimpunga zivela ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezifa ze-monstera, kodwa ngokushesha zidluliselwa eziphilile.
Izitshalo ezifuywayo ezivela emafongolweni, i-gamir P, i-trichodermine, i-alirin-B, i-phytosporin ikhethwa.Ekulwa nalesi sifo i-fungicides yesistimu noma isisombululo sophusi yesobhookuyinto eyenza lesi sitshalo ngezigaba ezimbili ngekhefu lamaviki amabili.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile kakhulu ekunakekeleni i-monster ekhaya
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi inhlalakahle yazo yonke izitshalo zasendlini noma engadini idinga ukunakekelwa okufanele, ngokucabangela izidingo eziyisisekelo zezinhlobo ezithile. I-monstera kule ndaba ayinjalo, ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa uhlobo olujwayelekile lwesitshalo, cishe, lubangelwa amaphutha okwenziwa ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa kwakhe. 
Isibonelo, uma amaqabunga e-monstera ephenduka aphuzi futhi asomile, kungenzeka ukuthi:
- ebusika, ukuchelela kufanele kunciphise (uma ngabe inkinga ibonakala ebusika);
- ukwandisa inani lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuketshezi kuyadingeka, ikakhulukazi uma kuvela amabala obomvu esitshalweni ngaphandle kwamaqabunga aphuzi;
- kuyadingeka ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa lomoya futhi ukwandise umswakama ekamelweni, ngoba lezi zizathu ngokuvamile ziyisizathu sokwephuza nokuwa ngokushesha kwamaqabunga.
Uma amaqabunga aseMonstera ashintsha umbala ophuzi ophuzi, isitshalo sidinga umthunzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-monstera ivame ukuqala "ukukhala." Amaconsi aphikisayo ahamba emagqabeni asitshalo, ekhombisa ukucwiliswa ngokweqile kohlobo lwebumba. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga, kubalulekile ukuvumela inhlabathi ukuba yomile kancane futhi ukwandise izikhathi phakathi kokuchelela.
Uyazi? Ukuhlaselwa emaqabunga aseMonstera kuvame ukuvela ngaphambi kokuqala kwemvula noma ngesimo sezulu esibhakabhaka.Uma kungabikho ukukhanya okwanele, i-Monstera yeka ukukhula, ngakho-ke, ukuze kuvuselelwe le nqubo, kubalulekile ukunikeza isitshalo ngokukhanyisa okwanele nokushisa okuphezulu kwemoya.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe batusa ngezikhathi ezithile ukucwilisa amaqabunga, asebenzisa ukupomfa njalo. Kungcono ukumanzisa inhlabathi kuphela emva kokusonga okuphezulu kunomile, nakuba ukusetshenziswa ketshezi ngokwayo kufanele kube luningi.
