ILedum isihlahla esihlala sikhona esiqhamuka emndenini wakwaHeather. Igama lesayensi - i-ledum (i-ledum) - liyisondeza impepho, ngoba amaqabunga aminyene nawo akhipha iphunga elinamandla lezinkuni. Igama elithi "Ledum" lisuka olimini lwakudala lwaseRussia lihunyushwa ngokuthi ukugwinya, ubuthi, ukudakwa. Kwesinye isikhathi isitshalo sibizwa nge-oregano, hemlock, bagul kanye nesazi semfundiso yenkolo. Indawo yokuhlala yayo ibanzi impela. Ithinta iNyakatho Nenkabazwe, ikakhulukazi indawo enomoya ophansi. I-Ledum isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwelapha, kepha futhi ingasebenza ukuhlobisa ingadi.
Ukuvela kwesitshalo
I-Ledum yi-shrub yaphakade noma i-shrub enobude obungama-50-120 cm. Ikondliwa yi-Rhizome enamagatsha angaphezulu enenqubo emfushane. Iziqu ezigqinsiwe eziqinile azifani kububanzi obukhulu. Bangakwazi ukuqina, ukukhuphuka noma ukukhasa. Amahlumela amancane wombala we-olive-green ambozwe i-pubescence e-rusty, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ambozwa ngamagxolo amnyama angenalutho.
Amahlamvu wesikhumba esifushane asanda unyaka wonke aphikelela kuwo wonke unyaka. Inesakhiwo esisekuphakameni noma se-lanceolate eno-central central vein futhi imiphetho iguqulwe. Umbala wamaqabunga uluhlaza okotshani. Ngokukhanya okukhanyayo, iba nsundu nsundu. Amaqabunga wesikhumba akhula futhi. Ukusuka ekuzihlikiweni, kunuka iphunga elibukhali.
Ngo-Ephreli-Juni, izambulela eziminyene ziqhakaza amahlumela ngonyaka odlule. Imbali ngayinye inama-peduncle amafushane. Amacembe amhlophe okweqanda enza inkomishi ebunjiwe njengensimbi. Inani lazo zonke izakhi zezimbali liphindaphindwe ka-5. I-Ledum ivunduzwe yizinambuzane, emva kwalokho amabhokisi embewu owomile anezingxenye ezi-5 ezivuthiwe. Imbewu emincane enamaphiko ihlangana kuyo.
Ukunaka! Zonke izingxenye zeLedum zinobuthi! Ngemuva kokuxhumana nesitshalo, qiniseka ukuthi ugeza izandla. Ngisho nokuba seduze kwamathanga nokuphefumula ngephunga, ngokushesha ungazizwa unesiyezi futhi ubuthakathaka. Yize iLedum isitshalo esihle soju, impova noju lwayo kunoshevu. Ungazama umkhiqizo kuphela ngemuva kokulashwa okushisa isikhathi eside nangamanani amancane.
Izinhlobo zeLedum
Uhlobo lwe-leadum lunezinhlobo ezi-6 zezitshalo. Kulaba, abane bakhula eRussia.
ILedum libhukuda. Ummeleli ojwayelekile wohlobo, ovame ukufudumala sezulu. Isihlahla esiminyene esifinyelela ku-1,2 m ukuphakama. Izithombo ezihlotshisiwe ezinezimbali zimbozwe ngenqwaba emifushane eqinile. Amaqabunga aluhlaza acwebezelayo asikhipha iphunga elimnandi. Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, izambulela ezishubile noma izihlangu ziyaqhakaza ngezimbali ezincane ezimhlophe noma ezikhanyayo eziphinki.
I-rosemary eluhlaza okotshani. Iziqu zokuhlala eziluhlaza zikhula zize zibe ngu-90 cm ubude. Banombala onsundu okhanyayo. On the amahlumela eduze komunye nomunye, efana izinaliti elikhanyayo green eluhlaza, kutholakala amaqabunga ulayini omncane. Ngasohlangothini oluhle lwamaqabunga asontekile kukhona inqwaba ezwayo. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izambulela ezincane (ukuya ku-6 cm) ziyaqhakaza ngemibala emhlophe noma ukhilimu. Izinhlobo zilibekezelela ngokuphelele noma iqhwa elinzima.
ILedum inkulu kakhulu. Abahlali baseMpumalanga Ekude, eJapan naseKorea bakhula ngo-40-80 cm ukuphakama. Ihlala emigqeni yamatshe enamatshe nasezintabeni. Amahlamvu e-oval angama-3-4 cm ubude nama-8-15 mm ububanzi Ezinhlelweni ezincane nasemhlane wamaqabunga kukhona inqwaba ebomvu.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, i-rhododendron ibiyigama elifanayo ne-ledum. Kuze kube manje, abanye balimi bathi ITransbaikal Ledum kulolu hlobo lobuhlobo, empeleni, empeleni, yisihlobo esikude kuphela futhi inegama lesayensi elithi "rhododendron daursky". Lesi sitshalo sifanekisela nesihlahla esinamagatsha anamanzi angama-50-200 cm ukuphakama. Amagatsha embozwe ngamaqabunga aminyene amnyama anombala oluhlaza okotshani. Kepha izimbali zinombala ogqamile opinki. Imvamisa, le "rosemary" ingabonakala e-vase ekwakhiweni kwesixha.
Izindlela zokuzala
I-Ledum isatshalaliswa ngokuphelele yimbewu nezindlela zemifino. Emvelweni, izitshalo ezintsha zivame ukuvela ezinhlanyelweni. Aqoqwe kusuka emabhokisini amancane avuthiwe, wona uqobo aqhekeka kusuka phansi kuya phezulu. Ukusuka kude, ama-achenes afana nama-chandeliers amancane. Imbewu ivunwa ekwindla, kodwa ihlwanyelwa kuphela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungisa iziqukathi ezinenhlabathi evulekile engadini exutshwe nesihlabathi. Inhlabathi kumele ibe nokukhululeka futhi inomswakama, futhi ibe nokusabela kwe-acid. Imbewu isatshalaliswa phezulu futhi icindezelwa kancane emhlabathini. Isitsha simbozwe ngento ebonakalayo bese ibekwa endaweni epholile. Ngezikhathi ezithile, lo abamba ukushisa kuyasakazwa futhi kuniselwe. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-25-30. Izithombo ezitshaliwe zitshalwa ezimbizeni ezihlukile zokucwaswa noma kwelinye ibhokisi elinebanga elikhudlwana ukuze izimpande zingabanjwa.
Izitshalo zasengadini zisakazeka kalula ngokuhlelwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amagatsha aguqukayo aqiniselwa emhlabathini futhi abekwa emgodini ngokujula kwamasentimitha angama-20. Ingaphezulu kufanele lishiywe ebusweni. Ngemuva kokubamba imbambo, ihlumela lihlukaniswa.
Isihlahla esikhulu ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwentwasahlobo sinokuhlukaniswa izingxenye eziningi. Ukuze lokhu, lesi sitshalo sembiwe ngokuphelele, sikhululwe emhlabathini futhi sihlukaniswe ngezigaba. Izindawo zokusikeka ziphathwa ngamalahle ochotshoziwe. Izimpande azisuki futhi ngokushesha zinquma izithombo endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ngokusikwa, amahlumela anenhlaka enamaqabunga angama-2-3 anqunywa phakathi nehlobo. Isigaba esingezansi siphathwa ngezinto ezikhulayo nezimpande zezimpande emabhodweni enenhlabathi evundile nenempilo. Amacembe asondele enhlabathini anqunywa ngokuphelele noma afinyeze ipuleti leqabunga. Ukhula lwengozi nokuvumelana nezimo kuthatha isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke izithombo zidluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile kuphela entwasahlobo elandelayo.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
I-Ledum ingeyizitshalo ezithobekile, ngakho-ke abanikazi abakubangeli inkathazo enkulu. Ukutshala kwenziwa kangcono entwasahlobo, kepha lokhu akudingekile ezitshalweni ezinezimbali ezivalekile. Njengoba izimpande zitholakala eduze kobuso bomhlaba, bmba umgodi wokufika okuyi-40-60 cm ukujula. Isihlabathi somfula noma amatshe aminyene angama-5-8 cm athululelwa phansi.Inhlabathi ngokwayo kufanele ibe-acidic ngokwanele futhi ixege. Kungcono ukutshala izihlahla enhlabathini enomswakama ngokufakwa kwezinaliti. Uma izitshalo eziningana zitshalwe ngasikhathi sinye, ibanga phakathi kwazo lingama-60-70 cm. Ngemuva kokuphothula wonke umsebenzi, inhlabathi iyahlanganiswa futhi iniselwe kakhulu. Lapho-ke umhlabathi oseceleni kwezihlahla uhlanganiswe nge-peat.
Emvelweni yemvelo, i-rosemary ikhula eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi, ngakho-ke ukuthambisa ejwayelekile kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukunisela akudingeki kuphela ngemvula ejwayelekile. Ukukhanyisela izitshalo akubalulekile kakhulu. Bazizwa belungile endaweni enelanga futhi emthunzini oyingxenye. Noma nge-shading eqinile, i-rosemary ayizukufa, kepha ingahle ibukeke njengomhlobiso futhi iqhakaze kaningi.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, inhlabathi kufanele ikhululwe bese ukhula lususwe. Noma kunjalo, ungakhohlwa ukuthi izimpande zitholakala eduze komhlaba, ngakho-ke qaphela. Izikhathi eziningana phakathi nenkathi (entwasahlobo kanye nehlobo), iLedum ivundiswa ngobuningi bamaminerali. NgoMashi nango-Okthoba, izihlahla ziyenziwa. Amahlumela aqothulwe ngaphandle kwesimo esithile ayafinyezwa, bese kuthi amagatsha omile futhi alimale asuswe.
Ubusika abubi kabi ngeLedum. Iyabekezelela ngisho namaqhwa anamandla, kepha uma kungekho iqhwa, ukukhula kwentsha kungahola kuze kufike phezulu kwesembozo seqhwa. Entwasahlobo, kwanele ukususa amagatsha athintekile futhi ukukhula kwawo maduze kuzothatha indawo yawo.
ILedum iyamelana nezifo zezitshalo. Ukugcwala komhlaba kwenhlabathi akumesabisi, kepha kukodwa ngokukhulula. Ngaphandle kokuthola umoya, ukhunta usengakhula. Akuvamile ukuthi izimbungulu nezimbungulu zesicabucabu zixazulule amahlumela. Kulula ukuwasusa ngosizo lwama-insecticides. Kaningi lesi sitshalo ngokwaso sixosha izinambuzane ezicasulayo, kufaka phakathi komakhelwane embhedeni wezimbali.
Ukusetshenziswa kwengadi
Umqhele omnyama onamaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza kanye ne-pubescence ebomvu ubukeka njengomhlobiso engadini. ILedum ilungele ukuthambisa inhlabathi enomswakama, osebeni lwamachibi nemifula, emadwaleni amatshe, kanye nendawo ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Izitshalo zibukeka kahle ekutshaleni kweqembu. Imvamisa izitebhisi zethiphu zisetshenziselwa njengothango noma ukwaba isayithi. I-Ledum ingenziwa nge-heather, cranberries, blueberries, rhododendron, gaulteria, stachis nezinhlamvu.
Izici eziwusizo
Amaqabunga nezimbali zeLedum aqukethe izinto eziningi eziphilayo ezisebenzayo aziqashelwa kuphela ngabantu, kodwa nangomuthi osemthethweni. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- amafutha abalulekile;
- ama-tannins;
- flavonoids;
- ascorbic acid;
- izinsini;
- ukukhiqizwa okuguquguqukayo.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, i-decoction ibisetshenziswa njenge-antiseptic kanye ne-antibacterial agent. Kwakusetshenziswa ngaphandle, kungeza kubhavu noma kuma-compress, futhi kuphuzwa nokulwa nokukhwehlela, i-SARS kanye nokutheleleka kwamathumbu.
Tea ngokufakwa kwamaqabunga ama-rosemary kuyaqabula futhi alwe nokuqwasha. Lesi sitshalo sibhekana nezifo ezinjenge-pneumonia, ukukhwehlela okwezikhwehlela, isifo sezinsini, izifo zesibindi nezinso, i-gastritis, i-eczema, amathumba, inkukhu, ikholecystitis. Izidakamizwa nazo zilungele impilo yabesifazane. Baqinisa imisipha futhi balwa nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni ahlukahlukene, "amakhono" weLedum angahluka.
Zinezitshalo nezinhloso zasendlini. Ukuhogela kwamahlamvu kusabisa izinambuzane ezinuka igazi nezinundu.
I-Ledum i-contraindication kubantu abahlushwa yi-allergies futhi ithinta izakhi zesitshalo. Njengoba kwandisa ithoni yesibeletho, ukwelashwa akwamukeleki kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Futhi-ke, umthamo awunakwedlulwa, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kwenziwa kangcono ngokubhekelwa udokotela.
Izimpawu nezinkolelo-ze
Utshani be-Ledum bugcwele inqwaba yezinganekwane, futhi izinkolelo-ze ziyokwamukelwa, abaningi bangabaza ukuthi kuyakufanelekela ukugcina endlini. Yize abanye bexwaya i-rosemary yasendle, kuyasiza kakhulu, kuvimbela ukusakazeka kwamagciwane emoyeni futhi kuphulukise umzimba. Vele, uma ushiya amagatsha amaningi aqhakaza egunjini elincane, abendlu bayoba nekhanda. Ngakho-ke i-omen ukuthi i-rosemary inyusa ukwesaba, ukungabinakho ukulethela nezinkinga. Kepha amahlumela ambalwa ngeke enze ingozi enkulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, bazosula umkhathi wamandla amabi futhi bagcwalise igumbi ngephunga elimnandi elingathandeki.
