I-Cornflower - unyaka ngamunye onotshani noma ongapheli izimbali ezintekenteke. Isitshalo singomndeni wakwa-Asters. Igama lesayensi - centaurea - lihunyushwa ngokuhlukile ngokuthi "imbali ye-Centaur" noma "izinkabi zokubhoboza." Uyaziwa cishe yiwo wonke umuntu. Yize indawo yokuzalwa kwalesi sitshalo iseningizimu neYurophu, ingatholakala yonke indawo ngesimo sezulu esipholile: emasimini, emaqeleni. I-Cornflower isetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Bahlobisa ingadi, futhi basebenzise kwezokwelapha nasekuphekeni. E-Russia, lesi sitshalo sasithathwa njengesijabulisa esinamandla ngokumelana neziphonso ezimbi futhi sasisetshenziswa ngamantombazane emicikilweni yedili lika-Ivan Kupala.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Cornflower isitshalo esiqhakaza ngesigqi esisetshenzisiwe esinezimbali neziqu ezinotshani. Amahlumela aqhakaze kancane, akhula ngama-50-80 cm, ambozwe ngenqwaba emfushane futhi apendwe luhlaza. Amapheshana amancane ama-lanceolate osayizi omncane ngisho nakwisitshalo esisodwa ahlukile. Ezingaphansi zinkulu, zithambile, kanti ezingaphezulu zincane, ziphelele.
Phezulu ngeziqu, kwakhiwa amabheshu amancane ama-inflorescence Baqala ukuqhakaza ngoJuni futhi baphumelele omunye komunye kuze kube kubanda ekwindla. Ama-inflorescence alula futhi ayizidlakudla. Ziqukethe izimbali ezi-bisexual ze-tubular enkabeni kanye nohlanga oluyisisekelo eduze komphetho. I-Narrow, amacembe aqoshiwe ahlelwe ngemigqa engu-1-2 noma ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke i-inflorescence. Umbala wabo uphuzi, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omhlophe, opinki, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi noma obomvu.
Izimbali zommbila ziyizitshalo ezinhle zoju. Imbali ngayinye ingakhiqiza impova engaba ngu-6. Ngemuva kokuvota, amabhokisi ama-polyspermous omile angaba ngu-5 mm ubude avuthiwe. Phezulu kukhona i-corst yesiliva-grey. Ukuvuthwa kwembewu kwenzeka ngoJulayi-Okthoba.
Izinhlobo ze-cornflower
Uhlobo lwe-cornflower luhluke kakhulu. Kuhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-700. Ezinye zazo zinesimo esingachazwanga noma zibonwa njengezinokufana nezinye izinhlobo, kepha izinhlobo ezisele zingaphezu kokuanele ukuhlobisa ingadi.
Ummbila we-Cornflower. Utshani bezimbali ezingapheli bukhula bukhule bube kumamitha ayi-1 ukuphakama. Zine-rhizome enamandla emile mpo futhi neziqu eziqonde zinendawo engemihle. Amagatsha avela ikakhulu engxenyeni engenhla. Amaqabunga aphakanyisiwe e-lanceolate anendawo engenamsoco aluhlaza ngombala ngombala wesiliva. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kubekwa obhasikidi abilayo. ICalyx - isikali, ophuzi. Ukusuka eziqongweni eziphakeme kakhulu ze-lilac-pink petals. Izimbali zeTubular zigxilisiwe enkabeni.
Ummbila ulungile. I-herbaceous perennial iqondile noma ikhuphuka ngeziqu ngobuso. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungamamitha angama-0.4-1.2. Amapheshana afakiwe apendwe ngohlaza obumnyama. Phansi kwesiqu, zikhula kuma-petioles, futhi phezulu - zihlala kuwo. Obhaskiti abangashayi bodwa abenendebe ebunjiwe njengombala we-brownish chaza izimbali ze-lilac-nsomi noma ezibomvana. Izimbali zenzeka ngoJuni-Septhemba.
Intaba yommbila. Izitshalo zinobunzima obunamandla obubanzi bokuqina kanye nesiqu esiqondile esinganqamuki. Ukuphakama kwawo kungamasentimitha angama-60. Amaqabunga angama-linear-lanceolate, aluhlaza okhanyayo. Izimbali - obhasikidi olulodwa olunobubanzi obungafika ku-6 cm buqukethe izimbali zomhlanga eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinqenqemeni kanye nezinqamulelayo ezimfishane phakathi nendawo. Ama-blooms ahlukahlukene ehlobo lonke.
Umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iminyaka yonke noma i-biennial ene-stalk eyindilinga eyi-15-100 cm ukuphakama. I-Rhizome - mncane, ibaluleke kakhulu. Leli hlumela ligxotshwe engxenyeni engenhla futhi limbozwe ngamahlamvu e-lanceolate, angabhalwanga ngenqwaba emfishane. Kubhasikidi obunjengomqhele wezimbali ezi-lilac-blue. Ngezansi kune-ovoid greeny-brown calyx. Uhlobo olufanayo lubizwa ngokuthi insimu ye-cornflower noma ukuhlwanyela. Imbewu yayo ivame ukuxutshwa okusanhlamvu kanye nezilimo ze-clog, ngakho-ke, isitshalo sezolimo sithathwa njengobunzima, ukuyiqeda.
Ingadi yommbila. Isitshalo esingumhlobiso wonyaka noma esihlala isikhathi eside sifinyelela kuma-blooms amade angama-120 cm amahle obhasikidi amahle aphuzi, aphuzi okwesibhakabhaka, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma obomvu. Ukuqhakaza kwayo kudala futhi kuningi. Iqembu le-varietal elidume kakhulu yi- "terry cornflower". Inamakhanda agqamile ayindilinga lapho kutholakala khona izimbali zomhlanga kufaka phakathi isikhungo. Amacembe aboshwe Izinhlobo:
- I-Blue Boy - amahlumela angama-50-90 cm ukuphakama, amabhasikidi amnyama aluhlaza avulekile;
- I-Red Boy - izimbali eziqhakazile ezibomvu;
- ISchneemann - isitshalo esinezimbali ezingama-70-80 cm ezinde eziqhakaza izimbali ezimhlophe zeqhwa.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ama-cornflower wonyaka nawokuzimela akhula kalula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngokushesha endaweni evulekile noma ezitsheni (uma uhlela ukuhlobisa i-kuvulandi kanye kuvulandi). Maphakathi no-Ephreli, inhlabathi yenzelwe ukutshala: yemba futhi yathukululwa. Umhlabathi kumele ungabi-acidic. Izimbali zommbila kukholakala ukuthi zikhula kangcono enhlabathini ezinenwele, futhi umbala wamaphalishi uyakhanya. Imbewu ihlala isebenza iminyaka emithathu. Kuhlwanyelwa ngaphandle kokuqunjelwa emithonjeni ngokujula kwamasentimitha angama-2-3. Bazama ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo, hhayi okukhulu. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Njengoba bekhula. Okokuqala ushiye ibanga elingama-20 cm, bese izinhlobo eziphakeme uzikhuphula zibe ngama-50 cm. Ungahlwanyela imbewu ngo-Okthoba-Novemba, khona-ke lapho izithombo zentwasahlobo zizovela khona bese, ngokufanele, izimbali ziqala ekuqaleni.
Abanye abalimi bakhulisa izithombo. Imbewu kufanele isatshalaliswe ngokushesha emabhodweni we-peat, njengoba uhlelo lwezimpande lonakaliswa kalula. Ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile ugcinwa emazingeni okushisa angama-18 ° C.
Ama-cornnut we-perennial angasatshalaliswa ngokuhlukanisa i-rhizome. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza (Agasti), kugawulwa isihlahla esinamandla futhi sikhululwe ngokuphelele egungwini lobumba. Izimpande zigezwa ngamanzi afudumele. Iziqu zinqunywa zibe ubude obu-10 cm. I-Rhizome ngommese noma ifosholo ihlukaniswe izigaba. Kungamane kwehlukaniswe izandla zakho. Ukwahlukaniswa ngakunye kumele kube nezinso okungenani ezintathu. Ngokushesha emva kokukhwabanisa, izitshalo zitshalwa endaweni entsha.
Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphandle
Izimbali zommbila zitshalwe endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle, evulekile. Ukuncipha okuncanyana kuvunyelwe. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe lula futhi ixege. Loam noma sandy loam uyokwenza. Uma kunesidingo, isihlabathi sengezwa enhlabathini esindayo.
Ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke kulula kakhulu. Kwehla ukunisela okungavamile, kuphela lapho kungekho mvula. Izimbali zommbila zibekezelela kahle isomiso, kepha zihlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yokuqina kwamanzi emhlabathini.
Kanye noma kabili ngenyanga, izitshalo zondliwa ngengxube yezokumbiwa (20-30 g / m²). Umanyolo ohlanjululwe kahle uthululelwa enhlabathini ezimpandeni. Uma wengeza ukugqoka ngokweqile, amahlamvu azoqala ukuguquka aphuzi futhi omile.
Ukuze uhlaza lubukeke luhle, izimbali ezinotshani kufanele zisuswe ngendlela efanele. Ungazibeka umkhawulo ekususeni kuphela i-inflorescence uqobo bese ushiya ihlumela lingakathintwa, kepha kungcono ukuyinquma ibe ukuphakama kuka-10 cm ngaphezu komhlaba. Lapho-ke ihlumela lizoba eliqondile futhi libe mnene.
Ubusika, izitshalo azidingi indawo yokukhosela. Abasizi bamane basike futhi bambe indawo. Futhi ama-perennials asikwa phansi. Izinsalela zamahlumela zizokoma, kanti entwasahlobo amahlumela amasha azoqala kusuka ezimpandeni.
I-Cornflower iyivelakancane kakhulu. Lokhu kungenzeka uma kukhethwe indawo enesithunzi futhi inesithambeka kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho ifusarium iba khona emahlumela. Ukwelashwa ngesikhunta kuzosiza ukulungisa lesi simo, kepha kungcono ukubhekisisa ubuchwepheshe bezolimo ngokucophelela. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu nomoya omile, i-cornflower ingahlaselwa izibungu zesicabucabu. Ama-parasites alahlwa ngosawoti noma ngesixazululo sezinambuzane.
Ummbila engadini
Umdweshu futhi ngasikhathi sinye ihlumela lokudubula lwasemoyeni, oluhlotshiswe ngamakhanda anemibala egqamile, lusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa imibhede yezimbali ehlanganisiwe, imigoqo yokuhlangana, amabhalcony kanye nethala. Izimbali zingasetshenziswa ekutshaleni kwamaqembu, kuhlanganiswa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, noma kuhlanganiswe nezitshalo ezinjengokusanhlamvu, ama-daisies, ama-blind-me-nots, ama-poppies, ama-calendula, ama-marigolds.
Ukuphulukisa izakhiwo
Isitshalo sisetshenziswa emithini yendabuko nakwezemithi. Izimbali ze-Cornflower ziqukethe inani elikhulu:
- usawoti wamaminerali;
- amavithamini;
- ama-tannins;
- ama-alkaloids;
- glycosides;
- flavonoid.
Ukuvunwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Kusetshenziswa kuphela ama-inflorescence amasha, hhayi awonakele. Zomile ngokuphelele endaweni enomoya omnyama futhi zigcinwe esitsheni esivaliwe.
Ezintweni zokutholwa ezitholwayo, kufakwa amanzi kanye notshwala, umhluzi noma itiye. Le mishanguzo ine-diaphoretic, antipyretic, diuretic, antimicrobial, choleretic, laxative, analgesic, antispasmodic nomthelela emzimbeni.
I-Cornflower ithathwa ngomlomo uma kwenzeka kuphakama esiswini, ukukhwehlela, uhlobo lwezinzwa, ukwehluleka kokujikeleza kokuya esikhathini kanye nokopha kakhulu. Uma isetshenziswa, isimo sesikhumba nezinwele sithuthuka ngaphandle, ukucasuka kuyadlula futhi amanxeba ayaphola.
Njengoba lesi sitshalo sine-cyanides enganqwabelana emzimbeni, ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa kusuka ku-cornflower kuqala ngemuva kokubonisana nodokotela. Ukwelashwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, abantu abanokungezwani komzimba, kanye nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 ubudala kuphambene ngokuphelele.
