I-Moroznik isitshalo esidala i-herbaceous kusuka ku-Ranunculaceae. Ihlala eMedithera, e-Asia Minor kanye naseBalkan. IHellebore itholakala emithambekeni yezintaba ezinomthunzi noma emahlathini akhanyayo. Kungabizwa ngokuthi yi-primrose, ngoba izimbali zivele ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kwesinye isikhathi ekupheleni kobusika ungabona ukuqhakaza kuqhuma eqhweni elisanda kuwa. Ukuqhakaza kwe-hellebore kubhekwa njengesipho esihle sikaKhisimusi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi yi- "Christmas rose" noma "ubusika". Igama lesayensi lalesi sitshalo yi-hellebore. Lesi sitshalo sithandwa hhayi phakathi kwabalimi kuphela, kodwa futhi naphakathi kwalabo abafuna ukunciphisa isisindo, ngoba abantu abaningi babheka i-hellebore njengethuluzi elisebenzayo lokulwa nesisindo ngokweqile.
Izici ze-Botanical
IMoroznik iyihlahla enotshani obukhulu obunamahlumela angama-20-50 cm ukuphakama.Kusondele ebusweni bomhlaba isigqi esifushane esigqamile. Isiqu esingenalutho sihlotshwe ngokuqinile futhi sinamaqabunga ngokuphelele. Amahlamvu afakwe kusokhethi eduze komhlabathi uqobo futhi akha isihlahla esiminyene esiluhlaza. Ikhula kuma-petioles amade amnyama futhi inefomu le-cirrus-dissected noma inyawo. E-petiole kungaqhamuka ezingxenyeni ezi-5 ezitholakala ngokugqamile. I-lobe ngayinye enesikhumba inemibala eluhlaza okotshani, inemiphetho eqinile kanye ne-groove eceleni komthambo ophakathi nendawo.
Isikhathi sezimbali siba ngoFebhuwari-Ephreli, kuya ngesimo sezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, amafomu imbali noma amancane inflorescence phezulu kwesiqu. Ihlamvu ngalinye line-peduncle yalo efushane nelengayo. I-nimbus eyakheke insimbi inamathuna ayi-5 aqhakazile, okuvame ukuba yiphutha lezithambo. Zipendwe ngombala omhlophe, opinki, ophuzi, oyinki noma onsomi. Ama-petals ngokwawo aguqulwa aba mfundisi. Ingaphakathi elixutshwe liqukethe inqwaba yezinsimbi kanye ne-ovary. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, iphunga elimnandi elingathandekiyo lihamba phezu kwesihlahla sezimbali. Kwezinye izinhlobo, akukhona ngokuphelele.
Isithelo se-multifoliate siqukethe inani elikhulu lembewu encane ekhishwa ngemuva kokuvuthwa okugcwele. Kuyo yonke le nkathi, amathuna akhanyayo aqhubeka futhi kuphela emva kokuvuthwa kwezimbewu ezisinkingeni bese ziwe. Ngisho nangemva kokuba ihlumela libuna nge-inflorescence, isihlahla esiluhlaza esiluhlaza siyasala bese kancane kancane isiqu esidala sithathelwa indawo esisha, esimnandi futhi siluhlaza.
Izinhlobo zeHellebore
Ososayensi abahlukahlukene bathi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-14-22 kuhlobo lwe-hellebore. Iningi labo liyakwazi ukukhula esikweni enkabeni yeRussia.
I-hellebore emnyama. I-Rhizome perennial ngamahlamvu amnyama aluhlaza okotshani, okwazi ukuphikelela ngisho nasebusika obandayo. Amapuleti amaqabunga angenalutho, ama-cirrus ahlukaniswe izingxenye zama-lanceolate noma ama-oval. Ingaphezulu lebhokisi elinamanzi kufika ku-20 cm ubude lihlotshiswe ngezimbali ezingama-1-3. Ukwahlukaniswa kombala omhlophe kancane kancane kuba pinkish, futhi lapho izithelo zivuthwa, ziba luhlaza.
Caucasian hellebore. Abakhileyo eCaucasus, eTurkey, Greece nakwamanye amazwe afudumele bakhula ngo-20-50 cm ukuphakama. Ubude beshidi lesikhumba esiluhlaza obumnyama bungamasentimitha ayi-15. Ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezingama-5-11 ububanzi be-oval ngenqenqema ekhomba. I-peduncle ithwala izimbali eziningana ezimhlophe ngombala obukhulu obude obungama-8 cm. Ziyaqhakaza engxenyeni yesibili yentwasahlobo futhi zihlala cishe amasonto ayi-6. I-rhizome yalesi sitshalo iqukethe ama-alkaloid anobuthi kakhulu nama-glycosides, lapho, lapho esetshenziswa ngokweqile, anomthelela ocindezelayo ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo.
IMoroznik isempumalanga. Utshani be-perennial obude obungeqi ku-30 cm buhlukaniswa yizimila eziluhlaza okotshani kanye nezimbali ezinjenge-lilac bell ezinobubanzi obungu-5 cm. Lokhu kuhluka kuthinta ikakhulukazi ukutheleleka ngefungus. Ijusi evela emapheshana axhumene nesikhumba ibangela ukushiswa.
I-hellebore ibomvu. Lesi sitshalo sitholakala eHungary, eRomania nakwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu mpumalanga yeYurophu. Yonke indawo yokugcwala inombala opinki. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi, le ayigcini amaqabunga ayo amakhulu ebusika ebusika. Amahlamvu anesimo esinezinsiba futhi anama-lobes apinki aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimbali ezisezintanjeni ezivulekile ngaphakathi zidwetshwe ngombala onsomi, futhi ngaphandle zinombala ophuzi onsomi.
Imithetho yokuzalanisa
IHellebore ingatshalwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni noma ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Ukusakazwa kwembewu kudinga isikhathi esithe xaxa nomzamo, ngoba izinto zokutshala kumele zihlukaniswe isikhathi eside. Okokuqala, imbewu eqoqwe futhi yomisiwe idinga ukushisa kwezinyanga ezingama-2,5, bese kubanda ngokulinganayo. Lapho zomile, imbewu isheshe ilahlekelwe ukuhluma kwayo, ngakho-ke akufanele ungabaze ukutshala. Zihlwanyelwa ngokushesha emva kokuvuna emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukutshala okuthengiwe kuhlwanyelwe engadini (uma cishe izinyanga ezintathu zishiywe ngaphambi kokubanda) noma ezimbizeni zezithombo ezikhulayo.
Ekhaya, sebenzisa amabhodwe noma amabhokisi enhlabathi evulekile engadini noma isihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi peat. Imbewu ingcwatshwa ngo-5-10 mm bese inyusa umhlaba. Okokuqala zigcinwa izinyanga ezintathu endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni (cishe + 20 ° C), bese zifakwa esiqandisini isikhathi esifanayo. Ngemuva kokuxebuka, izithombo kulindeleke kungekudala. Imbiza enezithombo igcinwa ifudumele. Izithombo esezikhulile zigxila ezimbizeni ezihlukile bese zibekwa endaweni enomthunzi. Ama-hellebores asemancane adluliselwa endaweni evulekile yendawo ehlala njalo eminyakeni eyi-3-4 yokuphila. Izimbali zezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa zingavela ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokutshala, kepha zivame ukwenzeka emva kweminyaka engama-3-5.
Isihlahla esidalwe kakhulu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ngaphambi kokugeleza kwesiqu) noma vele ngoSepthemba (ngemuva kokuvuthwa kwembewu) kungahlukaniswa kube izingxenye. Okokuqala, i-hellebore ibunjiwe ngokuphelele, bese kuthi ngokucophelela okukhulu bakhululwe ebuthakathakeni bokubumba. I-Rhizome isikwa ibe yi-Delenki. Amaqabunga ama-1-2 noma amaqabunga amaningana asele kulelo nalelo. Izihlwayi zisatshalaliswa emigodini ngokujula okungaba ngu-30 cm ngebanga elingama-30- 40 cm. Inhlabathi kumele ikhululwe kahle futhi ivundiswe ngaphambi kokutshala. Esikhathini esingamaviki angama-2-3, kuzodingeka ukunakekelwa okuphelele nokunisela okuningi. Isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa sinwetshwa isikhathi eside. Ngonyaka wokufakelwa noma wokuhlukaniswa, isihlahla siyagula futhi sibuna isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ungakhathazeki, ama-hellebore kumele aphile futhi aqale ukukhula ngokushesha.
Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphandle
Engadini, kungcono ukuthi i-hellebore ithole indawo evikelekile kokubhaliwe nelanga elikhanyayo. IPenumbra ilungele yena, lapho ilanga likhona kuphela ekuseni noma amahora kusihlwa. Ukuvikelwa okuthembekile kuyadingeka ntambama. Endaweni ekhanyayo kakhulu, izimbali zizovela ekuqaleni, kodwa muva nje zizophela. Amaqabunga nawo ayachotshozwa, awakhi i-rosette enkulu enkulu kangaka. Izimbali zingatshalwa ngaphansi kwezihlahla ngomqhele ogqamile, ngakho-ke zizothola ukukhanyiswa okuhle kanye nokudla okuvela emacembe aphezulu.
Inhlabathi yeSoddy ene-hlathi engathathi hlangothi, futhi mhlawumbe i-alkali, ukuphendula kufanelekile ukutshala. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi igodiwe nge-lime, umlotha noma isidlo sethambo. Izitshalo ezingcono ezivumelana nezitshalo ezitshalwe ekwindla.
Ukunakekela i-hellebore kulula. Imvamisa uthola amanzi anele enhlabathini. Amahlamvu aqinile agxilisa umswakama amandla. Kuphela ngesimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo siniselwa izikhathi eziyi-1-2 ngenyanga.
Esizeni esinomhlabathi onempilo, ukusuthisa njalo i-hellebore akudingekile. Umhlaba usuvele uqukethe i-humus eyanele. Futhi, izimbali zisebenzisa i-nitrogen evela emoyeni kanye namanye amaminerali ambalwa evela emhlabeni. Kwanele ukwakha ungqimba lwe-mulch entsha entwasahlobo. Kuzovikela ama-rhizomes, ngoba atholakala kakhulu ebusweni futhi angadalulwa.
Izikhathi eziningana phakathi nenkathi kunconywa ukhula ukutshala bese kunciphisa izitshalo. Yize endaweni eyodwa ingakhula iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ukuziqhelanisa nokuzikhulisa kukhulisa ubungako bezitshalo. Lokhu kuthinta kabi ukubukeka futhi kucasule izifo.
Cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-hellebore zitholakala kalula ezifweni zokukhunta (i-anthracnose, i-powdery hlobo, iqabunga leqabunga, ukugqwala). Ngomswakama ophezulu, ukutheleleka kusakazeka ngokushesha. Lapho sebethole amaqabunga onakaliswe amabala, kufanele anqunywe masinyane abhujiswe. Izitshalo eziseduze nazo ziphathwa ngamalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi.
Phakathi kwama-parasites, ama-hop hopper, amacimbi, kanye ne-aphid agqamile. Emathangeni aminyene ama-slgs kanye neminenke kufihla, kanti amagundane nawo angacasha. Ama-mollusks aqoqwa ngesandla, ubuthi bubekwa ngaphandle kwamagundane, kanti izinambuzane ziqothulwa ngama-insecticides nama-acaricides. Ngokubhekisisa nokutholwa okufika ngesikhathi, izinambuzane azibangeli monakalo omkhulu ku-hellebore.
Izici zokwelapha kanye ne-contraindication
IHellebore emnyama neCaucasian isetshenziswa emithini yabantu. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, zaziwa njengezindlela zokunciphisa isisindo kanye nokunciphisa umzimba ngokweqile. Noma kunjalo, i-hellebore ingasetshenziswa kabanzi. Ezimpandeni ze-hellebore kuqukethe inani elikhulu lama-glycosides, ama-alkaloid, ama-saponins, ama-coumarins, ama-flavonoids.
Uma umthamo ubonwa, ukwelashwa kwe-hellebore kunomthelela:
- umfutho wegazi ophansi noshukela wegazi;
- ukuqeda amatshe nesihlabathi ezinso nasezihlathini zenyongo;
- ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki;
- ukuvimbela umdlavuza;
- ukuhlanza amathumbu wobuthi nobuthi.
Ukwehla kwesisindo kwenzeka ngenxa yokususa uketshezi olwedlulele emzimbeni kanye nokujwayelekile kwe-metabolism.
Njengoba sekushiwo, i-hellebore yaseCaucasi inobuthi ikakhulukazi, ngoba inenqwaba yezinto ezisebenzayo futhi inomthelela ocindezelayo ohlelweni lokujikeleza komuntu. Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngokuqinile kodokotela. Ukwephula umthetho wokuphuza izidakamizwa kunoma yiliphi inani kuwukuthambekela kokungezwani komzimba, iminyaka yezingane (kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12), isikhathi sokukhulelwa nokukhulelwa. Uma kwenzeka kweqisa ngokweqile, kungavela lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo: ubuthakathaka, ukuncipha kwenhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi, ukoma okunzima, ukuphefumula komoya.
