Yonke insimu inezitshalo ezithandayo. Ngokuvamile ukukhanga okuyinhloko nomlingani kuba yiphunga elimnandi elimnandi elikhulayo engadini.
I-Plum ayihle nje kuphela ukunambitheka kwayo, inezinto eziningi zokuphulukisa. Lesi sithelo sinesitoreji se-magnesium, insimbi, i-zinc, i-vitamin C, kanti inqubo yokukhula iqoqa i-vitamin B2, ikhuthaza umzimba we-carbohydrate metabolism. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amavithamini B avikela isimiso sezinzwa emthonjeni wangaphandle, ukuvimbela ukucindezeleka nokugqugquzela ukususwa kwezinto eziyingozi emzimbeni.
Kubalulekile! Kukhona amavithamini B2 amaningi ebhodini kunezinye izitshalo zensimu.Izithelo ze-plums zakhiwa izinto eziqinisa imithwalo yegazi futhi zinciphise ukucindezelwa, zisuse i-cholesterol eyengeziwe futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamathumbu. Kodwa hhayi kuphela izithelo zeplamu ezikwazi ukuphulukisa izakhiwo, kodwa futhi zihlaba amagxolo, izinkuni, kanye nezimbali. Lo muthi ubaluleke kakhulu ku-dacha.
Uma ungumlimi oyisivini onokuhlangenwe nakho okuncane, mhlawumbe unesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthi ungakhula kanjani izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene nokuthi umlimi ukhula kangakanani. Cabanga ngemithetho eyisisekelo.
Izici zeplamu yokukhiqiza
Kunezindlela eziningana zokusakazeka kwe-plums: amahlumela ezimpande, ama-cuttings, ama-grafting noma ukuhluma kwetshe. Kusukela imbewu ayinakuvuthwa nge-varietal plum. Zisetshenziselwa kuphela ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, kwisiqu lapho ama-graft noma amaqabunga ezihlobo zezitshalo ezihlukahlukene ahlanganiswa khona. Izitshalo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi amasheya. 
Ukuze ukhule izimpande, uzodinga imbewu ephilile ekhethiwe. Yenza njalo izinsuku ezine, uguqule amanzi futhi uvuselele. Ngemuva kokumisa imbewu bese udlulisela embizeni ukuze uthole isitoreji esengeziwe. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu ye-plum kumele ilandelwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, baxube ngehlabathi elimanzi noma i-sawdust bese ugoba izinyanga eziyisithupha ekushiseni okuvela ku +1 kuya ku -10 ° C. Imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe ekupheleni kwekwindla noma entwasahlobo emva kwamaqhwa. Unyaka ozayo, uzoba nezithombo ezilungele ukugonywa ngazo.
Ama-nuances we-pruning plum
I-Plum ikhula kahle ngokusika. Lena enye yezindlela ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu zokukhiqiza izihlahla ezinempilo ngezithelo ezihlwabusayo. Ukuqoqa izihlahla ezinqunywe kahle, eminyakeni embalwa uzothola umuthi oveza izimpande, othela izithelo. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-plums ngale ndlela kufanele kwenziwe yi-cuttings e-lignified ne-green.
Ukusika ama-cuttings plum kuye kwathandwa kakhulu ngabalimi. Ngaphambilini, le ndlela isetshenziswe kuphela ekukhiqizeni. Izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo kanye nephesenti eliphezulu ye-cuttings cuttings, okunikeza ukwanda okuhle kwezihlahla endaweni ngayinye. Ama-cuttings ahlaza angakhula ngokushesha izihlahla eziningi ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zeplamu ezigxilwe kalula. Kule ndlela yizibonelo ezinhle ezakha inombolo enkulu yezimpande ezimpande. Izinto ezifana nemishini, ikhwalithi yokutshala impahla, umquba, izikhathi zokuhlanganiswa, nezimo zezitshalo kuthonya umphumela wokuzalanisa. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cuttings e-lignified kubhekwa njengendlela elula kakhulu ye-vegetative. Ukuze ukhule iplamu kusuka ekusikeni okunamafutha, uzilungiselele esikhathini esibi kakhulu. Isici esiyinhloko kule ndaba ukulungiswa kwesitshalo somama - ukusika okuncane konyaka ngaphambi kokusika. Ngemuva kwalendlela, amahlumela avela esihlahleni, angathatha izimpande futhi athuthuke ngokuzimela.
Izinsuku zokugcina zokuthenga
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ama-cuttings endaweni enempilo ngaphambi kokugoma. Ama-sampuli aluhlaza kumele avunwe esigabeni esikhulu sokukhula (maphakathi noJulayi), kanye nama-lignified, ngokuphambene nalokho, ngesikhathi sokuphumula.
Uma izihlahla zemifula zikhula esifundeni lapho kubanda khona ubusika obunzima, kunqunywe ukusika ama-cuttings angakapheli ngoNovemba noma ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, kodwa njalo ngaphambi kokuqala kwamaqhwa aphansi ngaphansi -20 ... -25 ° ะก.
Uma ebusika kwakungeyona inhlanhla kakhulu, ungakwazi ukulungisa izihlahla ezinhlokweni zakuqala, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avule. Kulesi simo, ngeke kube nezinkinga ngokugcina izinto zokutshala.
Indlela yokulungisa ama-plum cuttings
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-plum stalk, kubalulekile ukuvuna kahle indaba yokutshala. Ngaphakathi, ukusika kufanele kube ubukhulu bepensela. Uma kuvela ukuba kube mncane, kuzokoma ngaphambi kokuba ikhule kanye nesitoko. Ukuze ulungise ukusika uthathe ukukhula konyaka okunamandla ka-40-50 cm ubude. Uma iplamu, lapho unquma khona ukuthatha ama-cuttings, inqabile, khona-ke entwasahlobo uzodinga ukusika izihlahla zamathambo.
Ukushisa okungcono kunazo zonke zokugcina ama-cuttings ngu-2-4 ° C.
Ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona iqhwa elikhulu, ukunconywa kunconywa ukuba kugcinwe ngaphansi kweqhwa leqhwa 50-70 cm high. Kodwa ezindaweni lapho zihlala zihlala khona phakathi nobusika, udinga ukugcwalisa ama-cuttings nge-sawdust emanzi bese uyisusa emakhazeni. Ngemuva kokuthi i-sawdust iqhakazile futhi ikhiqiza i-cocoon, ibayise endaweni engafinyeleleki emisebeni yelanga bese uyifafaza ngendwangu engama-30-40 cm emasinini omile. I-Sawdust igcina ukushisa kahle, ngakho-ke ama-cuttings azoqhwalwa kuze kube usuku olufunayo. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwenkambiso, thumela isikhwama nge-cuttings endaweni efudumele, lapho amahlumela esizayo azokhatheka kancane.
Uma unemibala embalwa, ungawagcina esiqandisini. Beka esikhwameni sepulasitiki, bhogoza isisindo bese ususa ngentambo. Beka esinye isikhwama ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi ubophe futhi.
Kubalulekile! Asikhuthazi ukugcina ama-plum cuttings efrijini - bangase bafake lapho.Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-cuttings awunamanzi kakhulu endaweni yokugcina. Lokhu kungabangela ukukhishwa kwe-cuttings ngaphandle kokuphumula futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kubangele ukuthi akufanelekele inoculation. Ukuntuleka komswakama kuyingozi kakhulu kunokungaphezu kwalokho.
Uma ama-cuttings omisiwe ngesikhathi sokugcina, kufanele afakwe emanzini futhi afake izinsuku ezintathu endaweni ebandayo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ugibele, qiniseka ukuthi ubuyekeze iziqephu.
Uyazi? Ukuze i-cuttings ihlale ngokushesha futhi ingcono, buyekeza izigaba ezingezansi ngosuku ngaphambi kwe-inoculation bese uzibeka emanzini endaweni epholile.
Ukuqothula ama-cuttings
Manje ake sibone ukuthi singagxuma kanjani isiqu se-plum. Okokuqala udinga ukutshala ama-cuttings ahlaza okweluhlaza obunzima obuyi-3 cm ukuze iqabunga elingaphansi le-seedling lingaphezu komhlabathi. Ibanga phakathi kwe-cuttings naphakathi kwemigqa, zama ukugcina u-5 cm. Ifreyimu ozokwelula ngayo ifilimu, yenzelwa ama-wire arcs. Ukushisa ngaphansi kwefilimu kufanele kube ngu-25-30 ° C. Ukunqunywa kwamanzi izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngosuku.
Emasimini e-plum azinzile kalula, izimpande ezithandekayo zakhiwa ngosuku lweshumi nambili kuya kweyisishiyagalolunye, futhi kulabo ababa nezimpande kancane, ngenyanga. Lapho izimpande zivela kuphela, phakamisa ifilimu ngesikhathi sosuku ukuze uthole oksijini ngaphezulu ku-greenhouse. Ngemva kwenyanga, yondla ama-cuttings ngamanyolo wamaminerali, bese uwuthululela kakhulu.
Ukuze izithombo zibekezelele ebusika, phakathi kwekwindla, zifafaze imibhede ngobuningi be-peat noma amaqabunga omile.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-plums zizalana kahle ngokusika okuluhlaza: Tula black, Memory of Timiryazev, Early red futhi Hungarian eMoscow.
Ama-cuttings angaguquki kufanele atshalwe ukuze izinso zesithathu zitholwe ngaphansi komhlaba, kodwa zisondele ngokusemandleni. Izimpande ze-plum zakhiwe ekusikeni kwesisekelo bese kuhamba nesiteji. Futhi labo abavela esiqwini se-cuttings, kancane kancane bayafa. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwempande le-plum entsha lwakhiwa kusukela ezimpandeni ezisisekelo ezisezansi zezithombo. Ukuze izimpande ze-basal zikhule ngokushesha, udinga ukucubungula ama-cuttings we-cuttings ngomlawuli wokukhula futhi ubanikeze ukugeleza kahle kwemoya. Imodi enhle kunazo zonke yokukhula iphakathi kwenhlabathi yokuqala ka-5 cm.
Ukuze isiqu sigxilwe kahle, singaguli futhi singawomile, ubude bayo bube okungenani ngu-15 cm.
Ukutshala isitshalo esincane
Ukujula ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi akudingi futhi kukhula kahle kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi. Umswakama owodwa kuphela owonakele kuwo, ngakho ungatshala umuthi kakhulu eduze kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Futhi iplamu akufanele ikhule emthunzini. Lapho izithelo ziwohloka, futhi amaqabunga aqhakazile ukungabi khona kwelanga.
Uma uthenge ama-saplings ekwindla, khona-ke kudingeka udinga i-prikopat uphinde umboze ngamagatsha ase-spruce, bese uhamba ngeqhwa. Ngentwasahlobo, bamba izithombo ngaphambi kokutshala bese uzihlwanyela ngokushesha nje lapho amaqabunga eqala ukuvuvukala. Uma ungaphuthelwa lo mzuzwana, izihlahla zizothatha izimpande kabi. Indawo lapho iplamu ikhula khona kufanele ibe yelanga futhi ingabi namandla. Ibanga phakathi kwezithombo kanye naphakathi kwemigqa kungu-3 m. 
Izimbiza zezithombo zilungiswe ekwindla noma zigujwe entwasahlobo, amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukujula komgodi kufanele kube yingxenye yemitha, futhi ububanzi bayo - ububanzi buka-70 cm. Phakathi nendawo ye-fossa kuqiniswe induku, ephikisana nayo leyo ingxube yokutshala. Ukuze ungalimazi amagxolo, intamo yayo kufanele ibe ukuphakama kwe-5 cm ukusuka ezingeni lomhlabathi. Spread izimpande zenzalo ku-fossa bese uyimboza ngendwangu yensimu ngaphandle kokungeza umanyolo. Izithombo kufanele ziqiniswe kusukela ohlangothini olusenyakatho lwenduku ekhoneni lika 90 ° ukusuka emhlabathini. Emva kokutshala, uthele isitshalo ngokuningi (amabhakede amane ngamapulangwe), gwema nge humus, inhlabathi eyomile noma i-peat.
Ukutshala ukuxuba:
- indawo;
- i-humus;
- i-ammonium nitrate;
- superphosphate;
- isihlabathi somfula;
- i-potassium chloride;
- igravel.
Indlela yokwandisa iplamu ngokubeka
Le ndlela ibuye isetshenziswe ekusakazweni kwe-plum vegetative. Izinzuzo zayo uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa nge-cuttings. Isibonelo, ukulawula njalo phezu kwezimo zangaphandle akudingeki kuze kufike isitshalo. Ngosizo lwezingxenye zokuzalanisa, ungagcina izinhlobo eziyizintandokazi.
Ngokuba ukusika, kubalulekile ukukhetha amahlumela afanele futhi udale izimo zokwakheka kwezimpande.
Isikhathi esihle sokuzala
Isikhathi esihle sokudala izendlalelo kusentwasahlobo, futhi kufanele sitshalwe ngezimpande ezakhiwe ekwindla.
Indlela yokwandisa iplamu ngokubeka
Esikhathini sokudubula, ekuphakameni kwe-15-20 cm kusuka phezulu, susa uhlaka lwegxolo noma usike ube yizinkuni. Bese uthatha izinhlamvu ezimbili ze-sphagnum emanzi bese wenza ucezu lwazo. Yilonde endaweni yokusika bese uyibopha nge-polyethylene emnyama. Uma isimo sezulu sifudumele, izimpande zizovela ngokushesha kakhulu. Igatsha enezimpande ezakhiwe kumele liqedwe esitshalweni somama, kanye ne-substrate, futhi ifike endaweni ehlala njalo. 
Uyazi? Indlela yokusakazeka ngokubeka izakhiwo kwaziwa e-China iminyaka engu-4000 edlule.Ngentwasahlobo, udinga ukuthatha amahlumela wonyaka odlule wokusika, futhi ngo-Agasti ungasebenzisa amahlumela omabili wonyaka. Uma unquma ukuzala ama-plums ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, bese uhamba ibanga elingama-15-30 cm ukusuka phezulu, ususe amahlamvu bese wenza zonke izinqubo ezifanayo. Ukwakha izimpande, kuzodingeka ulinde inkathi ezayo.
Izici zokukhiqiza iplamu izimpande amahlumela
Indlela elula yokukhiqiza amahlumela empande. Ukuze ukhule iplamu ekudleni, udinga ukwazi imithetho embalwa. Okungafanelekile ukutshala yizihlumela eziseduze nesitshalo somama. Khetha labo abade kakhulu. Ukuze isitsha sithole izimpande ngaphandle kwezinkinga, udinga ukwenza inqubo yokulungiselela. Uma zonke izinqubo zenziwa ngendlela efanele, khona-ke kuyokwazi ukujabulela izithelo ezimnandi ngonyaka, ngaphezulu kokubili.
Nini ukusabalalisa iplamu izimpande amahlumela
Ekubeni, nquma impande ehlanganisa isihlahla somama kuya ezitshalweni, kanti entwasahlobo ihlume amahlumela ngezimpande bese uyitshala endaweni entsha. Ukhetho lwesibili: yenza konke ukusebenza ngo-Agasti-Septemba noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze. 
Indlela yokususa i-scion
Gweba umhlabathi esitshalweni somama bese uthola impande esemqoka. Sebenzisa i-spade ebukhali ukuze ususe impande ngakolunye uhlangothi lomuthi wesibeletho. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, susa isithombo bese usithumela ngokushesha emthonjeni olungiselelwe.
Kubalulekile! Impande eyinhloko, owahlukanisa ngayo izithombo, kufanele idakwe nge-pitch engadini noma ifafazwe ngomlotha ukuze ungenwa igciwane.
Inqubo yokutshala isitshalo esincane
Entwasahlobo yonyaka ozayo, isithombo esimisiwe esifundekayo singafakwa endaweni ehlala njalo. Lesi sitshalo sizogxila ngokuphumelelayo uma usimba zonke izinhlangothi bese usifakisela nge-clod yomhlaba. Qinisekisa ukucabangela zonke izici zendawo yakudala yokukhula kwensimu: amaphuzu asemakhadini, ilanga, isithunzi.
I-fossa yokufika kufanele ibe nobungako obunjalo kangangokuba izimpande zesithombo zingase zihlale kahle. Qiniseka ukuthi ufafaza inhlabathi evundile nomanyolo emgodini. Ram inhlabathi ezungeze isithombo bese uwuthulule.
