Ama-Blueberries ayisitshalo sezithelo esivela kuhlobo lweVaccinium emndenini wakwaHeather. Ngaphezu kwamajikijolo aphilile futhi anamnandi kakhulu, ayaziswa ngomphumela wawo wokuhlobisa, yingakho izihlahla zivame ukutshala emagqumeni wegquma. Amahlumela namahlamvu ezihlahla asetshenziselwa futhi ukondla imfuyo, futhi ngaphambili kwakusetshenziswa njengodayi kwesikhumba. Igama lesayensi lohlobo (vaccinium) livela egameni elithi "vacca", okungukuthi, "inkomo." Igama laseRussia lichazwa umbala wamajikijolo. Ama-Blueberries ahlala emahlathini acwebile futhi ahlanganisiwe noma kumaxhaphozi. Lesi sitshalo sinokugcwala kusuka esimweni sezulu esifudumele kuya ku-tundra.
Ukuvela kwesihlahla
Ama-Blueberries ayisihlahla esinamandla esihlala isikhathi eside esinokuphakama okungamasentimitha ayi-10-50 kuphela. Sondliwa yisinambuzane esinwabuzelayo, esingenamikhawulo, esishiya amamitha angama-8,5 kuphela ajule emhlabathini. Isilinganiso esikhulu sokukhula sakhiwa emagatsheni asezimpandeni, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukukhawulela i-shrub. Enkabeni kunenombolo encane yeziqu eziphambili. Amagatsha aseceleni kwawo aqondiswa phezulu nge-angle eyingozi. Iziqu zimbozwe ngegxolo elinsundu elibushelelezi ngezimbambo ezinde.
Amacembe avamile noma aselesele ahlelwe ngokuqondile. Zine-ovoid noma ijamo le-oval elinemiphetho eyenziwe kahle. Ingaphezulu lesikhumba leshidi likhonjwa ekugcineni bese lipendiwe luhlaza okotshani. Ithambo eliphakathi nendawo elikhanyayo futhi elikhanyayo libonakala kuso.
NgoMeyi, izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe eziluhlaza okotshani ziyavela emaphethelweni amahlumela. Zingenawo nhlobo ama-pedicel futhi zikhula zingashadile. I-nimbus efanelekile enezinhlamvu ezinhlanu inama-denticles ayi-5, i-pestle eyodwa ene-ovary ephansi nama-stamens ayi-5. Izimbali ezigobayo zithunyelwa impova yizinambuzane. Isitshalo isitshalo esihle sikaju.
NgoJulayi-Septhemba, amajikijolo abunjwe ngamaqanda noma ayindilinga avuthwa ngesilinganiso esingu-6-10 mm. Ipendiwe ngombala omnyama noma omnyama okwesibhakabhaka futhi inenani elincanyana kakhulu lokuhlanganiswa kwe-wax. Ngezansi berry kunomqhele omncane oyindilinga. Ngaphansi kwesikhumba esincanyana kufihla ugqinsi olunamanzi onsomi ngephunga elikhulukazi nokunambitheka okumnandi. Inezinhlamvu ezincane ezingama-40.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-blueberries ne-blueberries
Zombili lezi zitshalo zingamalungu e-Vaccinium, ngakho-ke ukufana kwazo akumangazi. Isengadi se-novice akuvamile ukwahlukanisa ama-blueberries kuma-blueberries ngokubukeka kwesihlahla. Phakathi kokuhlukahluka kakhulu kwesimilo:
- i-blueberry bush ihlala iphansi, kuyilapho ama-blueberries angafinyelela ku-3 m ukuphakama;
- ama-blueberries acishe angabi nalutho lokukhanya lwe-waxy;
- ujusi wama-blueberries, ngokungafani nosisi, ushiya amabala aqhakazile, aphikelelayo ezandleni nasezingutsheni;
- ukwakheka kwama-blueberries kucebile, kuqukethe ama-microelements asiza ukuthuthukisa umbono;
- uma ama-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eqala ukuqhakaza futhi athela izithelo kusukela aneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, khona-ke emabhishi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka izimbali zokuqala zivela ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-1-2.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-blueberries awanazo izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo. Imelelwa yukuphela kwezinhlobo "i-blueberry ejwayelekile noma iqabunga le Myrtle". Uma ezitolo "ama-blueberries engadini" noma ezinye izinhlobo zithengiswa, khona-ke sikhuluma ngama-blueberries.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ama-Blueberries asakazwa ngembewu nangokushunqisa imifino. Ngendlela yembewu yokuzala, amajikijolo avuthiwe kakhulu futhi anempilo ayavunwa. Zithambisa futhi imbewu ikhishwe, bese ihlanjwa yomiswe. Ukufakelwa indawo kwenziwa ekwindla. Phambilini imbewu ibifakwe ingilazi yamanzi bese kuthi kuphela lezo esezingene ezansi zisetshenziswe. Ezitsheni ezingajulile ngenhlanganisela yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat, imbewu itshalwa kumuntu ka-3-5 mm. Athambile futhi embozwe ifilimu. Nsuku zonke kuyadingeka ukuphuma futhi kufafaze izitshalo. Amahlumela avela emavikini ambalwa kamuva, okukhishwa kuwo ukukhosela. Ebusika, izithombo zigcinwa egumbini elikhanyiswe kahle elinomshisa we- + 5 ... + 10 ° C. Entwasahlobo, lapho isimo sezulu sifudumele, izitshalo ezimbizeni zithathwa zikhiphe umoya omusha bese zibekwa emthunzini oyingxenye. Zihlala ziniselwa futhi zivundiswa. Ukufakelwa kwangaphandle kungenziwa eminyakeni engu-2-3.
NgoJuni-Julayi, kusikwa amahlumela ayisi-lignified eside ama-4-6 cm. Amaqabunga aphansi avela esiqubeni ayasuswa, kuthi amapuleti amaqabunga aphezulu anqunywe phakathi. Isilayi siphathwa nge-stimulator yokukhula, bese amahlumela atshalwa ezitsheni ezinomhlabathi we-peat noma we-peat-humus. Ingqimba yesihlabathi somfula engu-2-3 cm obukhulu ithululelwa ngaphezulu kwayo .. Isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu. Ngemuva kokukhula kwezimpawu, amaqabunga amancane aqala ukuvela, okusho ukuthi indawo yokukhosela ingasuswa. Ukufakelwa endaweni engapheli kwenziwa ngemuva kobusika (entwasahlobo noma ekwindla).
Ngenxa yesigqi esinwabuzelayo, ama-blueberries anikeza inani elikhulu lamahlumela ezimpande. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isihlahla siba sikhulu kakhulu futhi sidinga ukuhlukaniswa futhi sitshalwe kabusha. Engxenyeni yokuqala yekwindla kubiwa ngokuphelele futhi kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ngommese obukhali. Ukwahlukaniswa ngakunye kumele kube nezimpande ezimbalwa kanye nezinso ezinhlanu ezinempilo. Ngaphandle kokuvumela ukuthi i-rhizome yomile, izitshalo zitshalwa ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo.
Indawo kanye Nezindawo
Ukuze ama-blueberries athathe izimpande engadini, kubalulekile ukudala izimo eziseduze nemvelo. Ukugxila okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekukhanyisweni nasekwakhiweni kwenhlabathi. Inhlabathi kumele ibe nenhlabathi ngokwanele, kepha inomswakama ngokulinganayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwethulwa imvuthuluka, izingcezu zegxolo likaphayini, sawdust, amaqabunga e-oki. Isihlabathi somfula sengeziwe enhlabathini eminyene futhi enzima. Amabhasi kufanele abekwe ethunzini elithile noma elangeni elivulekile.
Ukufakelwa kwentambo kungenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngama-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka otshalwe ekwindla ongena ezimpandeni ezingcono. Umgodi wokutshala ungama-60 cm ububanzi kanye nama-80 cm ajulile wembiwa ebangeni eli-1.5 m ukusuka ezakhiweni noma kwezinye izitshalo. Phansi komgodi beka impahla yokudonsa. Uma i-rhizome isuswe, khona-ke ibekwa amahora ambalwa esitsheni esinamanzi. Umsuka wempande ubanjiswe ngenhlabathi. Umhlaba unyawo futhi ugcwele izikhala ngenhlabathi evundile.
Amabhasi aniselwa nge-citric acid. Inhlabathi ehlanganiswe ezimpandeni ihlanganiswe nge-sawdust noma nge-peat. Lapho utshala izithombo kusuka eminyakeni emi-3 ubudala, amahlumela awo amafushane afinyelela ku-20 cm kusuka emhlabathini. Lokhu kunxephezela ukulimala kwe-rhizome futhi kuthuthukisa ukujwayela okusheshayo endaweni entsha.
Imithetho Yokunakekela
Ama-Blueberries adinga ukunakekelwa njalo nokunakwa okuvela kumlimi. Izimpande zalo zisondele kakhulu ebusweni, ngakho-ke ukuthambisa okuvamisile okuvela ngezingxenye ezincane zamanzi kuyadingeka ukuze uketshezi lungahambi futhi isikhunta singakhuli.
Ukuthola isivuno esiningi, umanyolo kumele wenziwe. Sebenzisa izakhiwo ze-organic kanye nezimbiwa. Izinto eziphilayo (i-peat crust, i-mullein, umquba) zisatshalaliswa isiyingi se-basal entwasahlobo njalo eminyakeni emi-3. Njalo ngonyaka, Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, izihlahla ziniselwa ngenani elincane lomanyolo wamaminerali (ammonium sulfate, Kalimagnesia, superphosphate). Ngezinsuku ezingashisi kusihlwa, isixazululo somanyolo siyasiza nokufafaza emqheleni.
Inqubo yokuphoqelela yokwanda ama-blueberries ikhula. Kusukela eminyakeni engu-3-4, kwenziwa njalo entwasahlobo. Kufanele ushiye amagatsha anamandla ayisikhombisa aqinile. Izindawo eziminyene kakhulu zizacile futhi zisusa ingxenye yamahlumela aseceleni. Amagatsha amadala (kusuka eminyakeni engu-5 ubudala) asikwa aze afike kubude obungamasentimitha angama-20. Lapho isihlahla sifinyelela eminyakeni engu-15 ubudala, wonke umqhele waso ufinyezwa sibe ukuphakama okungama-20 cm.
Ama-Blueberries amelana nesithwathwa futhi awadingi indawo yokuhlala ebusika, noma kunjalo, ukuvikeleka kungafakwa ekuqaleni kwezithelo zasentwasahlobo. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali noma izimbali kuhlushwa ushintsho olungazelelwe lokushisa. Uma kwenzeka kupholisa, amboze izihlahla ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe.
Ama-Blueberries ngokuvamile amelana nezifo zezitshalo. Kuphela ngokugcwala kwenhlabathi ejwayelekile lapho izimpande zibola bese kukhula i-Powdery isikhutha. Ukwelashwa nge-Bordeaux ketshezi noma enye i-fungicide kuzoba usizo. Kuma-parasites, ama-aphid kanye nezinambuzane ezikhulukazi zivame ukuhlaselwa. Ungabasusa ngosizo lwama-insecticides nama-acaricides. Ukuvimbela amakhemikhali ukuthi angangeni esithelweni, kunconywa ukuthi izindlela zokwelapha zokuthambisa zenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ukuvuna, izakhiwo eziwusizo
Ukuqoqa ama-blueberries aqala maphakathi nehlobo. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngesimo sezulu esomile ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Kuvuthwa kuphela kahle, cishe amajikijolo amnyama. Kulokhu, abaviki bezithelo ezikhethekile bavame ukusetshenziswa. Amajikijolo akhululwa kumakhasi kanye nesiqu, agezwe futhi omiswe. Ukuze ulondoloze izithelo isikhathi eside, zithosiwe, zomisiwe noma ujamu kanye nezinhlaka.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-blueberries akunikezeli ukunambitheka okumnandi, kepha futhi kugcwalisa umzimba ngezinto eziwusizo. Izithelo namaqabunga zicebile ezintweni ezisebenzayo:
- ama-tannins;
- ama-organic acid;
- ascorbic acid;
- i-carotene;
- Amavithamini e-B;
- ama-saponins;
- izinto ezincane nezincane;
- glycosides;
- antioxidants.
Ukudla amajikijolo amaningana nsuku zonke kunganciphisa ushukela wegazi, kuthuthukise imetabolism futhi kwandise i-acidity yejusi yesisu. Umkhiqizo usiza ukwenza ngcono ukuhanjiswa kwegazi emthanjeni wamehlo, futhi ulwe nohudo, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini kanye nezifo ezithathelanayo. Ijusi yezithelo kanye ne-decoction yamaqabunga asetshenziswa ngaphandle ukulwa ne-eczema, i-scaly lichen kanye nokuqhuma kwesikhumba.
Contraindication ekwelapheni ama-blueberries yizifo zepancreas ne-duodenum, ukungabekezeleli komuntu ngamunye, umkhuba wokuqunjelwa noma i-oxalaturia.
