Uma sithinta endabeni yezithelo zamatshe, khona-ke iplamu no-Cherry kuzofika engqondweni njengenye yamasiko ajwayelekile alo mndeni. I-Cherry inhle ngendlela yayo, ne-plum ngendlela yayo. Isithelo ngasinye samatshe sinendawo yaso. Kepha kuthiwani uma uhlanganisa la masiko amabili bese uthola isitshalo esithuthukisiwe? Kungani kungenjalo. Yiziphi izimfanelo i-cherry ezizothola uma zibekwe egatsheni le-plum? Ukuze ungaphuphi ngemicabango yezakhiwo zeplamu-cherry, ake sihlaziye ngendlela ethile nokuthi kanjani. Futhi kungenzeka nakancane.
Kungenzeka yini ukutshala ama-cherries ku-plum
Vele, kumlimi ongenalwazi umbuzo ophakamayo - kungenzeka ukuthi utshale ama-cherries esihlahleni se-plum? Ngabe umuthi wokugoma onjalo kungenzeka futhi ube yini umphumela? Futhi le yimibuzo efanelekile. Impendulo izoba nethemba elingenakuphikiswa: kungenzeka ukutshala ama-cherries kuma-plums. Futhi okuphambene nalokho. Lezi zihlahla zombili zingemndeni wezithelo zamatshe, okungukuthi, zihlobene.
Kubukeka ngathi yi-plum-cherry hybrid
Ungatshala ama-cherries kuma-cherries, i-cherry iplamu, inyoni ye-cherry, emeveni. I-Cherum iplamu ibizwa nangokuthi iplamu yaseRussia, ibekezelela kahle iqhwa futhi inganikeza izimfanelo ezinhle ze-cherry. Kodwa ngeshwa, ukusikwa kwama-cherries nama-cherries kuwo akuvamile ukuba izimpande. Uma ufuna ukuxuba i-bird cherry ne-cherry - khetha izinhlobo ze-Antipka, yisihlobo esiseduze kakhulu ne-cherry. Ijika liyayamukela imidwebo kahle, futhi akumangazi, ngoba le iplamu spiny nayo i-cherry.
Ngokuya kokubukeka kwe-hybrid, umbala omnyama oxutshwe nosayizi omaphakathi phakathi kweplamu ne-cherry kungabonakala
Kunenqwaba yama-nuances okufanele uyazi ngaphambi kokwenza inqubo.
Ungatshala izitshalo zomndeni ofanayo ukunikeza izakhiwo ezintsha
Ividiyo: ungawuthola kanjani umphumela omuhle ekugomeni
Imininingwane ejwayelekile ngokuxhunyelelwa ama-plums e-cherry
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngokuxhunyelelwa kwezitshalo ezimbili kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale isihlahla esinempilo, esiqine (ngokwesibonelo, isihlahla esiningi esigcina ubusika noma ukumelana nezifo). Isibonelo, uma uthatha isinqumo sokutshala ingxenye ye-cherry ku-plum, khona-ke eyokugcina kufanele iqanjwe. Ngakho-ke, i-scion izothola izakhiwo (zivumelanise) nesimo sezulu sesifunda.
I-Scion - isitshalo (kulokhu, i-cherry), ingxenye yaso exhunyelelwa kwesinye isitshalo ukuthola izimfanelo ezintsha. Isitoko siyisitshalo ahlanganiswa kuso (kulokhu, iplamu).
Ngendlela, ngale ndlela (ngokuxhunyelelwa) ungasabalalisa hhayi izihlahla kuphela, kodwa nezihlahla ezincane.
Ake sibheke izinketho ezingatholakala ngenxa yokuwela:
- izinhlobo ezintsha;
- umuthi onezinhlobo ezimbili zezithelo;
- ukuthola isivuno sokuqala;
- ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo.
Udinga ukwazi ukuthi kulokhu, i-cherry ehlanganisiwe inesibopho sekhwalithi yezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo zesithelo esizayo, ne-plum - yokuzivumelanisa nezimo, umsoco nokukhula.
Izingxenye zezihlahla zikhula kanjani ndawonye? ICambium yindwangu 'ezoxhumanisa' isiqu se-cherry kanye ne-plum shoot. Ngesikhathi sokugoma, lo mbala usetshenziselwa isiphunzi izigaba lapho i-cambium ivezwa khona. Ijusi lezinkuni liyaqhakaza kulo, elizosiza ukupeleqa kanye nokwakhiwa kwezicubu ezintsha ezixhunyiwe.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kokuxhunyelelwa kwe-cherry epulini
Kuyiqiniso, kunezinzuzo eziningi kunokubi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okunjalo bekungeke kwenzeke, kakade ekuqaleni kwesigaba, abantu bebeyobe bekubona ukushiwo kwesenzo. Kodwa-ke, ukuxhunyelelwa ama-cherries kuma-plums kuvame kakhulu.
Izinzuzo zokweqa okunjalo:
- Ukunambitheka kuyamangalisa: iphunga nobukhazikhazi bama-cherries okugxile ngenxa yobumnandi nobumnene bezinsimbi;
- Izici ezithuthukisiwe ze-cherry ezixhunywe ku-plum ebunjiwe;
- Amandla wokonga izinhlobo noma izinhlobo, okuthi ingxenye enkulu (ngaphandle kwezisikiwe) zife, zome, zingathathi izimpande, njalonjalo.
- Isivuno sokuqala samajikijolo angajwayelekile futhi angajwayelekile. Uzothola isivuno ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokutshala i-seedling emhlabathini.
Phakathi kokushiyeka, ukuphela kobunzima benkambiso namaphesenti aphezulu okungasindi kwezokusikwa kungahlukaniswa. Futhi kamuva, kusobala, isihlahla esinjalo sidinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu.
Ukunakekelwa kufaka ukuphathwa ngokuphelele kwezinambuzane eziyingozi: ama-aphid, ama-sawflies ama-cherry, amabhu, njll. Futhi kusukela ezifweni ezitholakala ku-Cherum ne-plum yomzimba, ngoba manje usu-hybrid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakhohlwa ngomanyolo kanye nokuthena.
Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela isihlahla, ngoba kungakumangaza kakhulu ngezakhiwo zayo ezintsha. Noma ngabe izoba mude, isakazeka, ihlutshiwe - kuya ngezakhiwo ezitholiwe ku-plum. Futhi, ngokweqiniso, umlingiswa wama-cherries wenza umnikelo wawo. Konke lokhu kuhlangene kuzothinta izinhlobonhlobo ezintsha. Ungayisingatha kanjani, ngokunokwenzeka, uzoqonda kwinqubo. Izici zesihlahla zizokwakha uhlelo lwakho lokunakekelwa oluhlukile.
Isipiliyoni sabalimi be-amateur nabafuyi abanolwazi sisisiza ukuba siqonde ukuthi kungaba yiphi inzuzo nokulimala kwendlela yokugoma.
Ividiyo: uthenge isithombo esisodwa - otshalwe amabili!
Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokugoma
Ngokuvamile goma entwasahlobo noma ehlobo. Yize kamuva nje, kuyamangaza, kepha kuyiqiniso, abalimi nabo sebeqalile ukwenza ubusika. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi kusebenza kangakanani noma cha, njengoba kunemiphumela embalwa ethembekile kuze kube manje.
Kepha kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abakhiqizi ikakhulukazi basebenzisa indlela yokugoma entwasahlobo. Indlela yokubamba isikhathi esihle kakhulu senqubo? Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungaphuthelwa ujusi we-sap. Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi iqala lapho iqhwa elincibilikisiwe lilele, kepha umhlaba usuvele ubonakala, futhi ukuqhakaza kwezihlahla nezihlahlana sekuvuvukala ngokusobala.
Kwavela izindawo zokuqala ezinqunyiwe, futhi iziqhakaza ezihlahleni zavuvukala - ungagonywa
Izindlela zokugoma ama-cherries ku-plum
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi zonke izindlela zokugoma zisebenza kangcono entwasahlobo.
Abalimi abanolwazi bangakwazi ukwenza inqubo ku-butt (okungukuthi, ukusebenzisa i-scion kune-incision eceleni kwe-plum, noma ngemuva kwegxolo).
Ngamagxolo
Isiphunzi kufanele sibe ne-5 efihlekile, futhi ubude be-scion graft kufanele bube ngama-25-30 cm, ngokufanele okungabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-4. Isithikithana sempande akufanele kube siqinile, silimele noma sibe neziqu. E-drareni, yenza ukusikwa okucocekile ohlangothini (kube sengathi ukusika amagxolo amancane ngaphakathi). Kulokhu ukusika, udinga ukufaka ngokucophelela ukunqunywa nge-notch. On the cherry, a ukuhlangana ohlangothini kwenziwa ukuze izicubu zalezi zihlahla zombili zihlangana kalula lapho kuba khona. Le ndlela iyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba idinga isandla nolwazi oluqinile, ngakho-ke ilungele kakhulu abalimi abanolwazi.
Isampula elilinganisiwe lokuthi ungatshala kanjani izitshalo ngamagxolo
Le ndlela isetshenziswa kahle ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ekuqaleni kokugeleza kwesihlahla ezihlahleni.
Ividiyo: kanjani ukugonyelwa amagxolo entwasahlobo
Ukulinganisa nokukopisha
- I-Okulirovanie isho ukuthi ngokuxhunyelelwa kokuxhunyelelwa ngesifo esisodwa sezinso endaweni yokungena esitokisini. I-cuticle enezinso ifakwa ngaphansi kwegxolo ukuze ifakwe kwisilo se-cherry. Isenzo esinzima impela, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi kube phezulu ukubamba izingcezu.
I-oculation ifana nokufakwa kwesibeletho (isibeletho) ngaphakathi kwesitshalo (umama we-surrogate)
- Ukukopisha kwenziwa ngaphandle kokusika amagxolo kusinki. Ukusikwa ohlangothini kumane kwenziwa lapho isiqu se-cherry sifakwe khona kanye ukusikwa kohlangothi. Izinga lokusinda liphezulu.
Ukukopisha isenzo esilula.
- Kukhona ukuphindaphindwa okuthuthukile. Kulokhu, ukuhlangana kwe-scion kanye nesitoko kwenziwa ngesinyathelo, okungukuthi, yi-zigzag. Ngenqubo, udinga ukukhetha amahlumela afanayo we-plum ne-cherry afanayo ngobubanzi. Kufakazelwa ukuthi le ndlela inikeza amathuba amaningi okusinda nokuhlanganiswa kwezicubu zezihlahla.
Ukuqhathanisa izinhlobo ezimbili zokukopisha, kunjalo, okuthuthukile kunika eminye imiphumela
Ngemuva kwenqubo ngayinye, kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokugoma, kuyadingeka ukwelapha izindawo zokufakwa nezinhlobo zasengadini, kanye nasezindaweni zokubopha noma ukufaka i-scion, lungisa ngendwangu noma ngeteyipu.
Ividiyo: ukuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo engadini
Hlakaza umuthi wokugomela
Mhlawumbe le ngenye yamasu ajwayelekile asetshenziswa abalimi, abanolwazi nabangenawo kakhulu. Ukwehlukanisa kufaka ukudala ukwakheka okumi mpo esiqwini se-plum, lapho kubekwa khona isiqu se-cherry.
Grafting inqubo inqubo ngesinyathelo
Ake sibheke imiyalo yokugoma ku-cleavage. Yini inzuzo yale ndlela? Okokuqala, le indlela elula. Okwesibili, kunikeza iphesenti ephezulu yokuhluma kwe-cherry ku-plum.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokugoma kuqhekeko
Ukuthola ama-cherries athuthukisiwe anezimfanelo zesitoko kungumphumela we-algorithm efanelekayo yezenzo.
- Khulisa iplamu encane njengesitoko. Ubudala obulungile kakhulu bokwenza inqubo yiminyaka engu-1-2, isiqu sesihlahla cishe singama-cm ayi-6-6. Kungaze kungabi ipula elikhule ngokukhethekile, kepha yisithombo esincane esisetshenziswe imbewu esihlwanyelwe unyaka noma emibili edlule futhi sizizwa simnandi. Khumbula, ukugoma akwenziwa esihlahleni esinezifo!
Umuthi wokugoma wenziwa esihlahleni esinempilo, mhlawumbe hhayi ngaphezulu kweminyaka engu-2.
- Kungcono ukugoma entwasahlobo. Ngani? Izihlahla ziqala ukuphuma kwe-sap, kungalesi sikhathi lapho ukusinda kwe-scion kunikeza imiphumela ephezulu. Amajusi adlula kalula esihlahleni esitshalwe endaweni yokuqhekeka futhi ayondle njengokudubula komdabu. Izicubu zezihlahla zixhumana kahle futhi zithanjisiwe. Kubalulekile! Izindlela zokusika entwasahlobo ngokuxhunyelelwa kudingeka zilungiselelwe ekwindla! Sika amagatsha ngezinhlamvu ezimbili noma ezintathu ubude obungama-10 cm ngaphambi kwenqubo, usike ngokucophelela ukusika ngemuva kobusika.
Ama-Cherry cuttings alungiselelwe kusengaphambili - ekwindla
- Kukhona nokugoma kwehlobo. Akufanele uzame ukutshala ukusikwa kokuxhunyelelwa kwehlobo ekugcineni kwehlobo, ngoba izicubu nama-plums kanye nama-cherries sekuvele kushintshile, sekuvele kwaba yimicu emibalabala. Ukulungiswa kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kwenzeke. Ekuphakameni kwehlobo, kusenamandla okutshala, into esemqoka ukukwenza ngokusikwa okusha okuluhlaza. Ungenzi ukusikeka okuqinile, ngoba ukugoma ehlobo sekuvele kunzima. Kukholelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi ngokuxhunyelelwa nokusikwa okusha kusikisela imiphumela embalwa. Kakhulu kungenxa yokuthi esigabeni sokuqhakaza, isiqu asikwazi ukukhulisa amahlumela ngasikhathi sinye nokulungisa amanxeba.
Ukugoma kwehlobo kufaka ukusikwa kwe-scion eluhlaza
- Ukugoma esiqhekeni kwenziwa ngezinsalo ezintsha eziluhlaza ehlobo nasekwindla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Into esemqoka ukulandela izinkomba. Lungiselela i-scotch tape kusengaphambili (i-masking tape, i-gauze noma indwangu) kanye ne-var var yengadi. Uma isiqu esiphakathi sikhethiwe njengesitoko, buyela phansi emhlabathini cishe ngamasentimitha angama-30. Uma kukhethwe ihlumela eliseceleni, ibanga ukusuka esiqwini selingama-20-25 cm.
Ukwehlukanisa kuyindlela enqobayo yokuwina futhi eyinkimbinkimbi yokugonywa
- I-Cleavage kufanele yenziwe emagatsheni wesipande ngesilinganiso esingamasentimitha angama-5-7. Isigaxa esijulile senziwa kuso maphakathi (10-12 cm) sisebenzisa ummese obukhali noma i-hatchet encane. Ukukhwabanisa nge-plum kuqediwe.
Ukusikwa kwegatsha lesiphunzi kufanele kube kuhlanzekile futhi kucocekile, kanye nokuqhekeka kukho
- Thatha izithombo ezisikiwe zangaphambi kokupheka bese wenza ukusika kwezinkuni ngocingo. Kuzophuma umugqa othile. Izingcezu kufanele zilingane ngobude ekujuleni kweplamu yokuqhekeza.
Ukusikeka okubili kufanele kwenziwe ohlangothini olulodwa ukuze isiqu sibe nomumo wedigital
- Faka i-scion esiqeshini ukuze izingqimba (ukuthungwa) komdlalo wokhuni. Uma isitoko sakho sikhulu kaningana kune-scion, beka ukusikeka okubili noma kathathu esigabeni.
Faka ngokucophelela isiqu emfuleni ukuze izingqimba ze-cambial zokhuni zihlangane futhi zikhule ndawonye
- Ngemuva kokubeka ngokucophelela ukunqunyulwa kwesiphunzi, bopha isikhuni ngetheyipu noma ngendwangu eqinile kanye nobude be-splinter. Futhi izindawo lapho bebeka khona i-scion futhi benza ukusika - ikhava nge-var var yengadi.
Ukubopha amaphuzu asikiwe futhi ubaphathe ngezinhlobo zensimu kubalulekile, ngoba lokhu kuzosiza ijusi eleqile ukuba lingaphumi, kanti izicubu ziqala ngokushesha izimpande
Ukuze ukuqhekeka kungavali ngenkathi usika izinhlangothi ezisikiweni zokusika - shiya i-hatchet kuyo noma ubeke isikhafu, i-wand eqinile, njll. Kungakuhle ukuthi ungayisusi into uze uqiniseke ukuthi ukusika kufakwe ngokuphepha nangokufanele.
Ividiyo: ubuchwepheshe bokugoma obuhlukanisa umgadi onolwazi
Izincomo
Ochwepheshe bathi kuyo yonke inqubo yokugoma, ukunakwa kwabo nokunakekelwa okuningi kufanele kunikezwe esitokweni, okungukuthi, iplamu. Udinga ukukhetha umuthi ophilile futhi oqinile onohlelo oluhle lwezimpande nokungatheleleki kwezifo ezivamile. Isibonelo, kungahle kube yiplamu yasendle.
Imvamisa kuba yizihlahla ezikhula zasendle nezihlahlana ezinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu okunzima kakhulu ukuzifeza kusukela ekuzalweni okutshaliwe ekudingisweni
Eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu, "umdlalo wasendle" otshalwe endaweni yakhe. Lapho ekugcineni isihlahla sinezimpande futhi sinezimpande, sizokusebenzela njengomhlinzeki omuhle kakhulu wohlobo olusha.
Ngokuxhunyelelwa kwama-cherries esihlahleni se-plum (futhi ngokuvamile noma yiziphi izihlahla zezithelo) kubalulekile ukuvuna kahle ukusikwa kokuxhunyelelwa.
Ividiyo: Ukuvunwa okusikiwe ngokuya ngemithetho
Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi iplamu ingenye yezitoko ezinhle kakhulu zamakheli. Ngaphandle kokuthi inqubo ngokwayo ingahle ibonakale iyinkimbinkimbi, ibukisisa, idinga ikhono, ulwazi oluthile, kufanele uzame ukukwenza! Kungumkhuba onikeza okuhlangenwe nakho, kanye nezithelo ezinhle kakhulu ze-nzalo. Ukubhaliswa Kwombuso bekungeke kwazi izinhlobo eziningi kangaka ezintsha, ukube bekungengenxa yelukuluku kanye nokuqanjwa kososayensi. Ukugonywa kwama-cherries ku-plum kuthatha indawo ehloniphekile ekukhetheni kokuhlolwa, ngoba kusebenza kakhulu.
