URaspberry Zyugana ubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo zokulungisa ezethembisayo. Ngezici ezithuthukisiwe, idlula ezinye izinhlobo eziningi esivunweni, ubuhle nokunambitheka kwamajikijolo. Okumnandi, ngokuba nomunyu obonakalayo kancane nephunga langempela le-raspberry, bafuna kakhulu phakathi kwabathengi, okwenza abathengi abatshala amajikijolo emakethe benze inzuzo enhle. Futhi abalimi bayakujabulela ukujabulela ama-raspberries amasha kusuka ehlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile futhi enze amalungiselelo amnandi ebusika.
Umlando wezinhlobonhlobo ze-Zyugan
Izinhlobo zokuqala zokulungisa zivele eminyakeni engama-200 eyedlule, noma kunjalo, indawo ekwenziwa kuyo izithelo ekwindla yayingasho lutho. Ekukhetheni komhlaba, umsebenzi wenziwa ngenhloso ukwakha izinhlobo ezintsha ezinezithelo zohlobo lokuvuselela kabusha, zibe namajikijolo amakhulu amahle nokuhamba kahle kokuhamba. Ngo-1999, ngenxa yokuwela ama-raspberries uTerri-Louise noJoan squre, inkampani yaseSwitzerland uLubera yakwazi ukuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene zaseZyugan. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, le raspberry esemuva ikhule ngokuphumelelayo kumakhompiyutha engadini nakulwimizi yezimboni, inganikeli isikhundla esiholayo sezinhlobonhlobo ezisanda kwenziwa.
I-Zyugana - izinhlobonhlobo zokulungisa ezakhiwe abafuyi baseSwitzerland
Incazelo yebanga
IZyugana iyindlela yokulungisa i-raspberry ekhiqiza izilimo ehlobo futhi iphinde ibe nezithelo ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, kuze kube yiqhwa. Kodwa-ke, ezifundeni ezinokubanda okusanda kwasekwindla, kusebenza kahle ukukhulisa okusajikijolo ngesibuyelo esisodwa. Igagasi lesibili le-fruiting livela ekupheleni kwesizini, lapho ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia naseBelarus sekumanzi futhi kubanda. Ngokuna kwezulu isikhathi eside noma izithelo ezibanjwe esiqandeni, ziba manzi futhi zithambe, futhi zingabola amaconsi athile. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokubuya sekwephuzile ngokukhula ngamabhishi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zefilimu noma ngokuwamboza kwi-trellis enezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe.
Esimweni sezulu esishisayo, esibandayo, kungcono kakhulu ukuthi sikhule ama-raspberry angaphakathi endlini
Izinhlobo ze-Zyugan zikhonjiswa kangcono eningizimu ye-Ukraine: ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa kanye nokubekezelela isomiso, amajikijolo awapheki elangeni ngaphandle kokufiphaza (okubaluleke kakhulu ekutshaleni ukuthengiswa emasimini amakhulu) futhi abe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa amahlumela wonyaka ekupheleni kwesizini, ngoba isimo sezulu lapha sincane futhi sifudumele.
Amajikijolo avuthiwe awavuthi, kepha mnyama kuphela kancane
Amajikijolo uvuthwe amahlumela yeminyaka emibili - ishumi lesibili likaJuni, isivuno sesibili siqala maphakathi no-Agasti futhi siqhubeka kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile. Abalimi nabalimi babona ukuhlukahluka njengokuthembisa kakhulu ngenxa yesithelo esiphakeme kakhulu - kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa isizini ungabutha kuze kufike ku-9 kg nokunambitheka okuhle kwezithelo.
Abalimi bayayithanda inhlobonhlobo yeZyugan ngezithelo ezinhle nemikhiqizo ephezulu
Izici ze-Zyugan Raspberries
Amabhasi aqinile, acwebile, angama-60-70 cm ububanzi, aphakeme ngo-1.5-1.7 m, futhi angakhula afike kuma-1.9 m. Bahlukaniswa ngesilinganiso esihle sokusinda, banda ngokushesha okukhulu. Amagatsha akhula ngokuqinile angaguquki ngaphansi kwesisindo sesilimo futhi angatshalwa ngaphandle kokuxhaswa okwengeziwe. Amahlumela aphansi kakhulu, igatsha kahle, akha ama-250 ukuya kuma-ovari wezithelo. Amaqabunga amakhulu wombala oluhlaza okhanyayo acwebezelwe kancane.
Izihlahla zomsila we-raspberry ziqinile, zinde, zimbozwe amajikijolo
Izithelo zesimo esiyindilinga esiyindilinga, zibomvu ngokugqamile nge-raspberry hue, zicwebezela, zikhulu, ngesisindo esilinganiselwe esingu-5-7 g, ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe bezolimo zingafinyelela ku-12 g. I-pulp inomnandi, ngephunga elikhanyayo, elimnandi ngokukhohlakala okubonakalayo kancane, okugcizelela ngempumelelo ukunambitheka okucebile. Ngaphansi kwePolka enoshukela, kepha kunambitheka ogcwele ngokwengeziwe. Amajikijolo avuthiwe awadiliki emagatsheni, aminyene ngokwakhiwa ukwedlula iPolka's, futhi abekezelela izinto zokuhamba kahle.
Ukwakheka kwamajikijolo aseZyugana kunombala oyindilinga, umbala ubomvu ngokugqamile nge-raspberry tint
Izinhlobonhlobo zenjongo yendawo yonke, esetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa okusha, okokuqandisa, ukwenza ujamu, izithelo ezi-stewed, i-jelly. Kuyaphawuleka ngekhwalithi yayo enhle yokugcina - ayilahlekelwa yizimpawu zayo zokuhweba kungakapheli izinsuku ezi-4, futhi amajikijolo angagcinwa esiqandisini isonto lonke. Okusajingijolo kubekezelela ukubanda kubusika kahle, kepha ngamafrimu anzima (ngaphezulu kuka-300C) efiselekayo ukufakelwa kwezihlahla nge-agrofibre.
Amajikijolo amakhulu ane-pulp eminyene agcinwa kahle ngemuva kokukha.
I-Zyugan namuhla ibhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo zokulungisa ezethembisayo, kepha futhi inezinkinga zayo. Phakathi kwemizuzu, ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile ekwindla kungaphawulwa. Ngakho-ke, ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho kusebenza kangcono kakhulu ukuyikhulisa njengesitshalo sonyaka, sinqume konke amahlumela ebusika. Futhi, ngokuhlukahluka okumanzi, isimo sezulu esibandayo, ukumelana okuncishisiwe kokuwohloka kwezimpondo kuyabonakala.
Ividiyo: Raspberry Zyugana - ukulungisa i-timer ehlukahlukene
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Ukuze uZyugan afinyelele ikhono lakhe eliphelele, kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ezihle kakhulu kuye.
Indawo ekahle okusajingijolo
Ukuze ukhule kahle futhi uvuthwe, amajikijolo adinga ukukhanya okuningi usuku lonke. Kuyathandeka khetha indawo enelanga, evikelwe ukusuka enyakatho uthango, izakhiwo, izihlahla zezithelo, kepha izihlahla ezi-raspberry akufanele zibe semthunzini. Lapho ukhetha indawo, kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ubheke indawo enamanzi angaphansi komhlaba - ama-raspberry anganyamalala ezindaweni eziphansi ezinomswakama.
Indawo ekahle kakhulu yama-raspberries enekiswe kahle, ivale umoya ngocingo
Isiko lithanda ukukhula emhlabathini ovundile ovuthiwe onenqanaba elingathathi hlangothi le-acidity. Endaweni ene-acidic, izitshalo azinayo i-nitrogen, okuholela ekukhuleni okungekuhle kohlelo lwezimpande, olungakwazi ukunikeza izitshalo umsoco nomswakama odingekayo. Ukulungiselela inhlabathi ngesikhathi sokumba, isikhunta (500 g m2) Umhlabathi omuhle kakhulu wama-raspberries yi-sandam loam ne-loamy. Amasayithi anenhlabathi ekhanyayo yesihlabathi nawo afanelekile, kepha azodinga ukwethulwa komthamo owengeziwe womanyolo kanye nokunisela okuningi okusindayo.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-raspberries awakwazi ukubekezelela umjondolo futhi akhetha ukukhula emhlabathini ovundile oqinile.
Lapho ukhetha indawo ye-raspberry, umbhali wale migqa unaka amasiko edlule. Ama-raspberry akhula kahle ngemuva kobhontshisi, amathanga, i-zucchini, i-siderates (phacelia, lwesinaphi, lupine). Kepha ngemuva kwe-isitshalo seqanda, utamatisi, amazambane kanye nesitrobheli, kungcono ukungayilimi. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-8, amatshwayo adluliselwa kwisiza esisha, ngoba izakhiwo eziwusizo zenhlabathi ziqedwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuhambisana kwama-raspberry nezinye izilimo kumele futhi kubhekwe. Eduze kwe-berry kungaba imibhede ephukile nge izaqathe, ukhukhamba, ugalikhi, izihlahla ezitshaliwe ze-currant ebomvu, ijikijolo. Umakhelwane ongathandeki nge-sea sihlahla sivame ukutholakala, jasmine, amagilebhisi.
Amajikijolo asondelana eduze nebhubhizi
Kepha ukutshala izitshalo ezinamakha aseduzane - obomvu, ama-marigolds, ugalikhi angavikela izihlahla ezi-raspberry ezinambuzaneni. Ukuhogela kwabo okunamandla, kusakazeka emoyeni, kusabisa izinambuzane eziningi eziyingozi.
Isikhathi sokufika
Ama-raspberry atshalwe ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvulekile ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwesizini. Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kufanele kuqedwe ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu. Izithombo zikwazi ukuthatha izimpande futhi zakhe isivuno. Kodwa-ke, basebenzisa umzamo omkhulu ekubuyiselweni kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lwezimpande, ukukhula kwamahlumela akunamandla kangako futhi isivuno asisikhulu kakhulu.
Izinsuku zokutshala ama-rasberry zixhomeke esimweni sezulu nakwesimo sezulu nasekutholakaleni kokutshala
Isikhathi esikahle kakhulu sokutshala ama-raspberries ajabulisayo ukwindla. Ngesikhathi sokutshala ekwindla, okwenziwe amasonto angama-3-4 ngaphambi kokuqandisa kokuqala, izitshalo zizoba nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande, zizinze endaweni entsha bese ziqala ukukhula ngokugcwele ukuqala kwentwasahlobo. Izithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande ezivaliwe zingatshalwa ngokudluliselwa esizeni isizini yonke.
Ungazikhetha kanjani izithombo
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola izinto zokutshala ezinempilo. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, kubalulekile ukucubungula ngokucophelela uhlelo lwempande yesithombo. Kufanele ibe yimicu, inenqwaba yamagatsha, ingabi nezimpawu zokubola noma ukukhula. Amahlumela akufanele abe owomile, aguquguqukayo, acishe abe ngu-1 cm futhi angabi mude kakhulu. Ubukhulu obuncane besithombo, kulula futhi ngokushesha buzothatha izimpande. Izitshalo ezinde, ngemuva kokutshala ngonyaka wokuqala, zizosebenzisa yonke imithombo yazo ekukhuleni okuthe xaxa kweziqu, hhayi ekwakheni izimpande.
Izithombo kufanele zibe noxhaxha lwezimpande olungenazimpawu zezifo
Isithombo esinohlelo olunezimpande oluvaliwe kufanele sisuswe esitsheni ukuze siqiniseke ukuthi inhlama yoxhaka lwangaphansi ayibhuli futhi ihlume ngezimpande. Izinga lokusinda kwezitshalo ezinjalo liyi-100%, lapho itshalwe kabusha, ukukhula kwazo akuhambi kancane.
Izithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe zinesilinganiso sokusinda esingu-100%
Izithombo zezinhlobonhlobo zekhwalithi zingathengwa ezindlini zokugcina izitolo nasezingadini. Ukuzikhethela okukhulu kakhulu kwenzeka ngemuva kokuphela kwesizini, lapho sekwephuze kakhulu ukuba nomhlaba. Okwesitoreji, ama-raspberry bush abekwa kwiprikop eyenziwe ekhoneni elithule lensimu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungisa umsele ngokujula okungaba ngu-15 cm, wenze uhlangothi olulodwa ekhoneni. Amagatsha, akhululwe emaqabunga, abekwa kuwo, ambozwe ngomhlaba ubude obungu-2 3 futhi aqiniswa kahle ukuze umoya obandayo ungangeni ezimpandeni. Kunwetshiwe amagatsha e-spruce. Ngaphansi kwesendlalelo seqhwa, izitshalo ngeke zihlushwa amakhaza asebusika, kanti namagatsha angama-spruce angavikelekile azowavikela kuma-rod.
Kwi-prikop raspberry izithombo zizogcinwa kahle kuze kube sentwasahlobo
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Ngemuva kokumba nokuhlanza ukhula, indawo engaphansi kwe-raspberry itholakala ngezinto ezi-organic (20 kg ze-humus) kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali (60 g we-superphosphate no-30 g kasawoti we-potassium). Emhlabathini onganamanzi, ompofu ompofu, kuyasiza ukusebenzisa i-biofertilizer ye-AgroProst (12 kg m2), okwandisa umsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo womhlabathi futhi uwenze ukhululeke ngokwengeziwe. Ngokuphathelene ne-alkalization, lime lingezwa enhlabathini ene-acidic enamandla (500 g m2).
Umhlaba wokutshala ama-raspberries uvuthwe ngomanyolo we-humus kanye namaminerali
Ezindaweni ezincane, ukutshala kuvame ukwenziwa ngendlela yesihlahla, emasimini amakhulu kulula kakhulu ukukhulisa ama-raspberries ngendlela yetepi. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa, gaya izimbobo ezingama-60x45 cm, uwafake kude ne-1 m ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ukulungiswa kwezimboni, kuye kwalungiswa imisele enobubanzi obungama-45 cm, ishiya ibanga okungenani le-1.5 m phakathi kwemigqa.
Ngokufika komugqa, imigqa ilungiswa ngokujula kwama-45 cm
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zezithombo zifakwe kusisombululo se-heteroauxin - isishoshovu sokukhula, kanye nokuvikela ukukhula kwezimpande, engeza iTrododermin (1 g 1 l).
Inqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
- Inhlabathi evundile ithululelwa emgodini noma emseleni nge-knoll.
- Isihlahla sibekwa maphakathi nomgodi, izithombo zifakwa emiseleni ngezikhathi ezingama-70 cm.
Isithombo sifakwa sibili emgodini wokutshala.
- Spread izimpande ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Isithombo kusuka emaphaketheni sitshalwe ngenqwaba yomhlaba.
- Fafaza izitshalo, ushiye intamo yezimpande ivulekile. Qondanisa inhlabathi endaweni yezimpande.
Fafaza i-sapling nomhlaba, ushiye intamo yezimpande ivulekile
- Eduze kwesihlahla kwakha umgodi wokunisela futhi uthele uhhafu wamabhakede wamanzi kuwo.
Ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo ziniselwa kahle
- Amahlumela afushaniswa abe ngu-25-30 cm.
- Mulch inhlabathi nge ungqimba we hay, utshani noma humus.
Uma ukutshala kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwesizini, izitshalo ezincane kumele zimbozwe ngezinsuku zokuqala zezinto zokukhanya ezingezona ezilukiwe ukuze zivikeleke elangeni elisebenza entwasahlobo.
Ividiyo: ukutshala okufanele ama-raspberries wokulungisa ngo-2017
I-Agrotechnics Raspberries Zyugan
Ama-raspberries wokulungisa afunwa kakhulu ekudleni nasomswakama. Ukunisela kuphela nokondla ama-berry bush kuphela, ungathembela esivunweni esivulekile.
Ukunisela nokukhulula
Izinhlobonhlobo ezingamelana nesomiso zeZyugan zibekezelela isimo sezulu esishisayo eseningizimu yeRussia, amajikijolo awapheki elangeni, kepha azoba namanzi kakhulu ngenkasa enkulu. Kanye ngesonto, futhi ukungabi bikho kwemvula isikhathi eside futhi kaningi kufanele unisele izihlahla (okujwayelekile ibhakede ngesitshalo ngasinye), ukuthambisa inhlabathi ube ngu-40 cm.
Inhlabathi engaphansi kwamasethi okusajingijolo idinga ukufakwa amanzi ukuze ijule ngo-40 cm, lapho izimpande eziyinhloko zikhona
Uma kunqunyelwa ukutholakala kwezinhlobonhlobo kwezifo zohlelo lwezimpande, ukunqwabelana kwamanzi ngesikhathi sezikhukhula zentwasahlobo nokuqina kwamanzi ngenkathi yezimvula kufanele kugwenywe. Ekwindla, uma isimo sezulu sesomile, ngobusuku bangeqhwa, amakhasi aniselwa kakhulu (20 l / isitshalo).
Izakhamizi zasehlobo zivame ukuthambisa ama-raspberries ngokusebenzisa imifino ebekwe emigwaqweni noma yenziwe ngasese. Amanzi angeniswa kuma-grooves ajule ngamasentimitha ayi-10, kuthi ngemuva kokuthola umswakama, avale. Ekushiseni okukhulu, kusebenza kangcono ukusebenzisa indlela yokufafaza, lapho amanzi avela kwi-hose enesibhamu sokufafaza noma kusuka kwabafafaza ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu afafazwa phezu kwesihlahla. Ngasikhathi sinye, amaqabunga, amagatsha, inhlabathi imanzi kahle futhi nomoya uyanyiswa. Kepha ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, ukuze angabi namuncu, le ndlela yokunisela ayisetshenziswa.
Lapho ufafaza, kufafazwa amanzi phezu kwezihlahla, kuthambisa amagatsha ngamaqabunga, inhlabathi nomoya
Noma yikuphi ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe hhayi ngesikhathi sultry ntambama, kodwa ekuseni noma amahora kusihlwa, ukuze sinciphise ukuhwamuka komswakama futhi sigweme ukushiswa kwamahlamvu ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo.
Ekhiqizweni kwezimboni kwama-raspberries, kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokunisela lokunisela. Amapayipi anezidonsi anwetshwa emigqeni phansi emhlabathini, lapho amanzi engena khona ezitshalweni. Ukunisela okunjalo kusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi kukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze umswakama owufunayo womhlabathi njalo.
Ukuchelela ukuchelela kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amapayipi abekwe eceleni kwemigqa yama-raspberries.
Ngemuva kokunisela noma imvula, kuyadingeka ukukhulula umhlaba uzungeze isihlahla ube ukujula kuka-7 cm, ukuzama ukungathinti izimpande, ezikhaleni-zikhala ngokujula, ngamasentimitha ayi-1010. Njenge-mulch, i-biohumus AgroProst nayo ingasetshenziswa, kusetshenziswa ama-5 l wengxube esihlahleni.
Ukuhlanganisa ama-raspberry ngezinto ezi-organic kusiza ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini
Ukudla Okugcwele okusajingijolo
Ukuze izihlahla zama-berry zilethe ukuvuna okuningana iminyaka eminingi, kubalulekile ukunakekela umsoco omuhle. Abalimi abanolwazi ngokubukeka kwezitshalo bangakwazi ukubona ukushoda kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo futhi basuse ngokushesha imbangela, bazondle ngomanyolo ofanele. Amahlamvu avela entwasahlobo awakhuphuki ngosayizi, aphenduka aphuzi, amahlumela akhula kancane - izimpawu zokufa yindlala kwe-nitrogen. Ngokuntuleka kwe-potassium, amaqabunga aqhekeka, aba nsundu emaphethelweni, njengokungathi ashisiwe. Ngokuntuleka kwensimbi, ipuleti lamaqabunga liphenduka liphuzi, bese imithambo ihlala iluhlaza.
Indlala yeNitrogen ingaholela ekukhuleni kwe-chlorosis
Ekuqaleni kwesizini, ukuze kukhule kakhulu ihlumela, ama-raspberries kufanele ondliwe ngomanyolo we-nitrogen. Lapho nje iqhwa lincibilika, i-ammonium nitrate (40 g m2) noma i-urea (30 g m2) ihlakazeka zizungeze izihlahla futhi ukuthambisa okuningi kuyenziwa. Esikhundleni sokwakhiwa kwamaminerali, ungasebenzisa i-organics - isixazululo se-mullein (1: 10) noma eyethonku yenkukhu (1: 20) ngokubalwa kwama-200 ml ngesitshalo ngasinye. Ngemuva komanyolo weNitrogen acidifying inhlabathi, kuyadingeka ukufafaza indawo yezimpande yesihlahla ngo-200 g womlotha.
I-Urea isetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwesizini yokukhula
Ama-raspberries wokulungisa azwelayo kakhulu ku-chlorine, ngakho-ke kufanele kwenziwe umanyolo ongenayo ingxenye eyingozi kuwo.
Ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwamaqanda, isidingo sama-raspberries ku-phosphorus ne-potassium siyanda. Isixazululo esifanelekayo sezakhi (30 ml 10 l) singezwa ngaphansi kwezihlahla noma amagremu we-superphosphate (60 g m2) ne-potassium sulfate powder (30 g) asakazeke emigqeni. Ukucebisa izitshalo ngamaminerali, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ephepheni elinesixazululo seCrystal (20 ml 10 l), ama-Berries (20 g 10 l). Ngemuva kokuqhakaza izithelo, izihlahla kudingeka ziphinde zithole amandla ukuze zilungiselele isizini ezayo. Ekwindla, kuhlanganiswa ingxube ye-granular superphosphate (40 g / m2) ne-potassium sulfate (20 g) ukumba.
Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi uBerry uqukethe zonke izinto ezidingekayo zokulandela umkhondo
Ukwanda kokuzala, ngisebenzisa umquba oluhlaza. NgoJuni, ukuhlwanyela isinaphi, i-lupine eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emzileni, futhi ekwindla sekwephuzile, lapho ngimba, ngixuba inqwaba eluhlaza enhlabathini.Ebusika, iyabuna, ithuthukisa inhlabathi ngezakhi zomzimba.
Siderata mow ekupheleni kwesizini bese uvala enhlabathini phakathi kwemigqa ye-raspberry
Isondlo esihle kakhulu se-raspberries yi-infusions yamakhambi (i-nettle, i-dandelion), isifanekiso se-anyanisi husks, isinkwa kvass. Uketshezi oluhlanganisiwe lwezakhi luhlanjululwe ngamanzi (1: 10) futhi lusetshenziswe kanye ngenyanga ngokunisela.
Ividiyo: i-ovary yokuqala yokulungisa ama-raspberries + umsoco nokuvikelwa !!!
I-Trellis yama-berry bush
Ukuze isihlahla singawi futhi amagatsha alayishwe isivuno anganciki emhlabathini, ama-raspberries ama-Zyugan kufanele akhule nge-garter ukusekela. Kulokhu kuhlukahluka, kunconywa ukufaka i-trellis enemigqa emibili enobude obungu-2 m. Eduze komugqa obude obuyi-3 m ukusuka komunye nomunye, izigxobo zimbiwa futhi zixinaniswe endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-60 no-1 m 40 cm, lapho kugxilwe khona amagatsha. Ngendlela ye-trellis yokukhula, izimo ezikahle zenzelwe izihlahla: zingena umoya omncane, zithola inani elifanele lokukhanya nokushisa, futhi umsebenzi womhlangano uyalekelelwa.
Lapho ukhule ku-trellis, izimo ezinhle kakhulu zama-raspberries we-remont ziyenziwa
Ngamabhishi angashadile, ungasebenzisa indlela ye-cola noma ye-fan garter. Esimweni sokuqala, kubekwa isigxobo enkabeni yesihlahla lapho amagatsha eboshelwe khona. Kodwa-ke, amahlumela aqoqwe emalungeni akhanyiswa ngokungalingani, ngenxa yokuqunjelwa, kunengozi yokuthola izifo, amajikijolo ngaphakathi kwesihlahla akhula futhi avuthwe kancane. Ngakho-ke, i-fan garter eyamukeleka kunazo zonke, lapho izisekeli zifakwa khona ezikhaleni, kanti amanye amagatsha esihlahla esisodwa nengxenye yamahlumela kwesinye aqondiswa esigxotsheni ngasinye.
Lapho ukwakheka kwabalandeli kwesihlahla, ukusekelwa kufakwa endaweni yemigwaqo futhi kuphela ingxenye yamagatsha esitshalo esisodwa nengxenye yesinye inanyathiselwe kuso.
Isihlahla seShrub
I-pruning rempant rempant, enikeza isivuno esiphindwe kabili ngesizini, inezimpawu zayo. Ekwindla, ngemuva kokuvunwa, amagatsha anqunywe usiko futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuhlelwa kwamahlumela waminyaka yonke kwenziwa, kususwa lawo mncane futhi akhula buthaka. Amagatsha angama-7- 7 aqine kakhulu ashiywe ehlathini. Entwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa lihlibilika, ihlumela elibunjiwe lihlolwe ngokucophelela, liqandisiwe, amahlumela aqhekekile asikiwe nge-pruner ebukhali, izingxenye zeqhwa zamagatsha ziyasuswa bese ukusikeka kusulwe ngomlotha wezinkuni.
Lapho uhlela ukuthola isivuno kabili ngesizini ezayo, ekwindla kuphela kususwa amahlumela adubula kuphela
Lapho isihlahla sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-90-100, ungasusa izihloko zezihlumela, ezishukumisa ukukhula kwamagatsha nokwakhiwa kwamaqanda amaningi. Ngaso leso sikhathi, izinsuku zokukhokha zezimali zekwindla zihlehliswa kancane, okuyinto engathandeki ezifundeni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ukunqunywa kwephunga akudingekile, ngoba iZyugan nangaphandle kokususa iphuzu lokukhula inika inani elikhulu lamagatsha aseceleni.
Uma ama-raspberries etshalwa njengesitshalo sonyaka, wonke amahlumela anqunywa ngokuphelele eduze komhlaba, kungashiyi imfucumfucu yesitshalo lapho izinambuzane zingabusika.
Ukukhula kwama-raspberries akhula njengesitshalo sonyaka, wonke amagatsha asika ngokuphelele isizini
Ividiyo: ungayinciphisa kanjani ukulungisa ama-raspberries
Ukuzala
Lapho zizalela ama-raspberries, indlela yembewu ayisetshenziswa kakhulu, isatshalaliswa kalula ngokushelela. Izimpande zemisuka ezingabanjiswa futhi zisetshenziswe njengezithombo zikhula kahle. Bahlukaniswe esihlahleni se-uterine futhi batshalwe kabusha ngomhlabathi.
Indlela ekhiqiza kakhulu yokusakazeka ukusikwa. Ekwindla, sekuvunwa izimpande, kusikwe ama-rhizomes ezingxenyeni ezi-15 cm ubude, futhi atshalwe ezitsheni aze afike ku-cm ka-3. Ngemuva kokuthambisa kanye nokufakwa amanzi emifuleni, izihlahla ezitshaliwe zimbozwe ngamagatsha angama-spruce, akhishwe entwasahlobo kusuka emagatsheni futhi ambozwe ifilimu kuze kuvele amahlumela aluhlaza. Amahlumela amasha ahlala evuthisa futhi adle, futhi ekwindla, kukhula izithombo ezinamandla, ezidluliselwa endaweni okulungiselelwe.
Izimpande ezisikiwe kuqala ezitshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa
Kulula ukusakaza izinhlobonhlobo eziyizintandokazi ngosizo lwe-cut stem. NgoJuni, amahlumela amasha asikwa, akhule ngo-5 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, kuthi ngemuva kokususa umhlabathi osikiwe nge-Kornevin powder, atshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Izimbumbulu eziluhlaza zidinga ukufakwa amakhompiyutha njalo, zikhiqizwe, bese kuthi ngemuva kwamasonto amabili zithole izimpande. Ukuzinakekela kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nezitshalo zabantu abadala, ngenkathi kunciphisa inani lamanzi nokufaka umanyolo. Ngo-ekwindla, izitshalo sezikulungele ukufakwa kuma-raspberries.
Ama-raspberry cuttings izimpande emavikini ama-2
Izimbambo zamapulangwe zivunwa ekwindla futhi zigcinwe bonke ubusika ngethosi elimanzi. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, batshalwa embhedeni wesithombo bese kamuva bakhule ngendlela efanayo nokusikwa okuluhlaza.
Ungawavikela kanjani ama-raspberries ku-frost
Ngokumelana okuhle nesithwathwa, ama-raspberries aseZyugan angamelana nokuncipha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, kuzokwanela emva kokuthenwa kanye nokunisela ngaphambi kobusika ukufaka izithombo zezimpande nge-humus, nasebusika ukuphonsa iqhwa ezihlahleni. Kepha kumakhaza amakhulu ngenhla kwe-300C, ikakhulukazi ebusika abaneqhwa elincane, amahlumela angaba yiqhwa. Ngakho-ke, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho kuzodingeka ukufakwa okwengeziwe. Amahlumela aboshwe emabuntshini afakwa emhlabathini futhi ambozwe nge-agrofibre. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo neqhwa elincibilikayo, izihlahla zikhululwa endaweni yokukhosela futhi ziboshelwe kusekela.
Ama-raspberries ahleliwe azokhuthazelela ngobuhlungu amaqhwa ngisho nasebusika eqhwa
Izifo Nokuvimbela Izinambuzane
Isiphundu esijabulisayo sikaZyugan sinokungazethezeki okuhle, akuvamile ukuthi kube ngumbungu. Kodwa-ke, isimo sezulu esibandayo nesinomswakama singanciphisa ukumelana nokubola kwezimpande, futhi isomiso esibi kakhulu kungaholela ekusakazekeni kwezinambuzane okuningi. Ukuvimbela ukuqubuka kwezifo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izithombo ezinempilo futhi ungakhohlwa ngemithi yokuthibela evimbela ukonakala.
Ithebula: Isifo se-raspberry
| Isifo | Izimpawu | Ukuvimbela | Ukwelashwa |
| Ukubola kwezimpande | Ukuthuthuka kwalesi sifo kufaka isandla ekuqineni kwamanzi emhlabathini, kutshalwe ama-raspberry ezindaweni eziphansi ngokwenzeka kwamanzi omhlaba. Izitshalo ezithelelekile ziba buthakathaka, ziqhume futhi zithambekele ekulimaleni ebusika. Kuvela amabala amnyama ezihlahleni, umbala wamaqabunga uyashintsha, ukuthola umbala obomvu, amahlumela amasha awakheki. Ingxenye engaphansi kwentamo yezimpande nezimpande iba nsundu ngombala bese ibola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. |
|
|
| Umdlavuza womsuka | Umthombo wokutheleleka ngamagciwane asemhlabathini noma ezitshalweni. Izidalwa ze-pathogenic zisebenza ikakhulukazi esomeni esomile, esishisayo, esithinta uhlelo lwezimpande nengxenye engezansi yesiqu. Izithombo ezikhula ngamagquma zivela ezimpandeni, izitshalo ezinesifo zinikeza ukukhula okubuthakathaka, amajikijolo mancane, ukunambitheka kwawo kuyawohloka. |
|
|
| I-Powdery hlobo | Ukushisa kwehlobo kumswakama ophezulu kungadala umsebenzi wama-fungal spores - ama-pathogen. Amafomu aqhakaza amhlophe emaqabungeni, ukukhula kwehlumela kuncipha, ama-inflorescence athelelekile awakhi amaqanda. |
|
|
Igalari Yezithombe: Izimpawu Zesifo Sama-raspberry
- Ngokukhula kokubola kwezimpande, kuvela amabala amnyama ezihlahleni ezisekelweni le-basal
- Ezitshalweni ezithinteka umdlavuza wezimpande, ukukhula kumila ezimpandeni
- Isici esibonakalayo se-Powdery isikhutha ukubonakala kokuhlanganisa okulula emacembe.
Ithebula: Izilokazane eziyizipele eziyinhloko
| Izinambuzane | Izimpawu | Ukuvimbela | Izinyathelo |
| Chafer | Indiza enkulu yamabhungane ivela ngesikhathi sezimbali zama-raspberries. Abantu abadala balimaza izihlahlana, ngenxa yalokho, amaqanda awakheki. Isibungu esidla izambane likapondo susa izimpande zezihlahla, esivame ukubangela ukufa kwezitshalo ezisencane. |
| Entwasahlobo, fafaza inhlabathi kanye nezihlahla ngesixazululo seNemabakt (1: 100), i-Antichrush (20 ml 10 l). |
| Isiphuzo sethawula | Ama-pest ahamba ebusika, ecasha ngamaqabunga awileyo neziqu zonyaka odlule. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, amacimbi ahlasela ukuvuvukala okuholela ekukhuleni okubuthakathaka kwamahlumela, ukwehla kwesivuno. |
|
|
| Ama-aphid | Esimweni sezulu esifudumele nesomile kumasethi okusajingijolo ungabona amakoloni wonke ama-aphid adla ama-juices amakhambi amasha. Amaqabunga kanye namahlumela aphela, ukuqhuma kumile ngaphandle, amaqanda esithelo awakhi. |
|
|
Igalari Yezithombe: Ama-raspberry Plies
- I-Chafer beetle ivela kuma-raspberries ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kulimaze amahlumela
- I-raspberry moth iyaphuma ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza okusajingijolo bese ibekela amaqanda ngaphakathi kwezimbali, okuvela kuzo amacimbi aminyene
- Amapholoni ase-aphid anamathela amahlumela amasha namaqabunga amunca amasudi kuwo
Isikhali semvelo esilwa nama-aphid siyi-ladybug, engabhubhisa izinambuzane ezingama-50 ngosuku. Kepha izisulu eziyizidumbu eziyinhloko izibungu zayo, ezihlanza ingadi yezinambuzane ezingama-800 kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokukhula kwazo. Ukuheha ama-ladybugs eduze ne-raspberry, ngitshala ama-daisies, yarrow, futhi kanye ngesonto ngifafaza izitshalo zasengadini ngamanzi anosawoti.
I-Ladybug ngesizini ethile ingabhubhisa ama-aphid afinyelela ku-4,000
Ukubuyekezwa
Izinzuzo: Amajikijolo amakhulu, awashisi elangeni, isihlahla asiwa, asikhethi, sizala kahle. Okubi: kungcono prickly (spikes ezincane) I-Zyugan iyi-remont raspberry ehlukahlukene (iveza izithelo kumahlumela amasha kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kusihlwa). Ngikhulisa lokhu okuhlukahlukene iminyaka emi-3, ngathola izimpande zesibeletho ezivela ePoland. Amajikijolo akhulu impela (izithelo zokuqala namajikijolo okugcina anesisindo esingama-10 g), enethambo elijwayelekile. Kuyinto ephansi ngokunambitheka ezinhlotsheni zasehlobo (ayinambitheki kancane futhi inephunga), kepha ngasikhathi sinye ukunambitheka kucebile, hhayi ngokuqaqa. Ivula impela ngentshiseko, i-berry evuthiwe ayikhumeki (imelela kalula izinsuku ezi-5, ngisho nasemvuleni nasemoyeni). Ama-raspberry akhethe kakhulu, awadingi i-garter kanye nokunisela okuvamisile. Izinhlobonhlobo zikhombise ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu ekwenzeni izithelo ngonyaka owodwa, kepha ngalokhu kulima kudinga ukunakwa kakhudlwana (ukususwa kwamahlumela, ukugqoka okuphezulu, ukwelashwa kusuka ezinambuzaneni). Ukukhiqiza kwangempela - i-120 kg ngekhulu elilodwa. Kuhle igceke lasehlobo!
Fermera//otzovik.com/review_4044656.html
Le yiZyugan yami kulo nyaka. Etshalwe ekwindla ngezinduku ezondile, enobubanzi obungu-3-5 mm. Kodwa izimpande zazingezinhle, ngokuqala kwamahlumela. Cishe konke kwampande. Ukukhula kwakukuhle, kwagcotshwa ngamamitha ayi-2. Amajikijolo okuqala, ngokubona kwami, anesisindo esingaphezu kwama-g 5. Ngeshwa, angikwazanga ukuthatha amajikijolo okuqala, esithombeni kunamajikijolo ama-2 amajikijolo aphakathi. Eyokuqala yayinkulu kakhulu. Esithombeni kukhona isihlahla esingu-1 ekuqaleni sithelo. Ukunambitheka kuhle, ukuthwala kuyinto enhle. Ukwahlulela ngenani lamakhuba - ukukhiqiza kufanele kube phezulu. Ngokuvamile, ngithande okuhlukahlukene.
U-Oleg Saveyko//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4436
UZyugan wami wakhombisa ukuthi muhle kulo nyaka. Ama-berry makhulu kune-Shelf, kepha hhayi amnandi kangako. Mayelana neqiniso lokuthi selilungile, ngizothi ngomoya onamandla ka-2011, yonke iRegiment yalala phansi, kanti uZyugan noPhenomen basala bemile (ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi), okungenani bavuka ngosuku oluzayo. Kwakuwukufika kwentwasahlobo.
I-Sortosad//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4436&page=5
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle. Kuyajabulisa ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kakhulu nokunambitheka okuphezulu. Kwenziwe isivivinyo. Wabeka uZyugana kwiphakeji elalingaphansi kwama-strawberry aseSpain walibeka esiqandisini. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-6 ngiyikhiphile, isigaxa sabonakala ngathi sivela ehlathini kuphela!
Tezier//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4436&page=7
Kancane kancane waqala ukonakalisa ukunambitheka kweZyugana. Ngaphambi kwalapho, bekumnandi kunehlobo. Iyaqhubeka nokuqhakaza ku-masse, anginaso isikhathi sokuthena. Isonto angikhethanga amajikijolo, lina. EBrusilovskaya naseKhanty-Mansiysky Khanty-Mansiyskiye amanye amajikijolo awela phansi - hhayi elilodwa kuZyugan. Ngemuva kwesonto eligcinwe esiqandisini, angazi ukuthi imakethi injani, kepha mathupha angibonanga umehluko omkhulu ngalowo odwenguliwe. Kufanele ngikubopha: izinsimbi eziphansi zikhula zikhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi ngeke uqonde masinyane ukuthi leli akulona igatsha eliyinhloko. Ngakho-ke kufanele aboshwe ukuze angamanga emhlabathini.
I-Arsenal//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4436&page=7
Ishintshe ngolunye usuku uZyuganu. Izimpande ezinamandla, ziphindaphindeka kahle ngama-root buds, zinikeza amahlumela amaningi wokufaka esikhundleni. Kusuka esihlahleni sokuqala, otshalwe entwasahlobo, ekwindla kuya ku-10 amahlumela wokufaka esikhundleni + inqwaba yezithombo zezimpande ezitshaliwe.
IVladimir-76//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4436&page=7
Ama-raspberries Zyugan anohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande
Izinhlobonhlobo zomhlaba wonke zama-raspberries aseZyugan anikeza isivuno esizinzile, saziwa ngokukhiqiza kwawo nokunambitheka kwesithelo okugqamile kwezithelo. Abalimi bahehwa ithuba lokudla amajikijolo amakha kuze kube yiqhwa, abalimi bayayazisa le nhlobonhlobo ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nesimo sezulu esibi, amandla okugcina isethulo sayo ekuhambeni nokunambitheka okuhle. Kodwa-ke, ezifundeni ezinomswakama ophezulu nokupholisa ekuqaleni kwekwindla, le raspberry ikhula kahle njengesitshalo sonyaka.
