Amagilebhisi amasiko athanda ukushisa ngokwendabuko, aqhamuka emazweni anesimo sezulu esihle. Kodwa-ke, abathengisi beviniga base-amateur bafuna ukukhulisa amajikijolo aluhlaza ngisho naphakathi nezwe laseRussia, e-Urals, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Kulokhu, izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezinokumelana okuthe xaxa nesithwathwa ziyafuywa. Ukuthola izitshalo ezingamajikijolo amnandi ngesimo esinzima akunzima, kepha kuyasiza ukwazi ubunzima bokukhula nokunakekela amagilebhisi.
Umqondo wokumelana nesithwathwa kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi
Kumhlahlandlela we-viticulture, kuchazwa inchazelo yokumelana nesithwathwa yezinhlobonhlobo. Ukumelana namagilebhisi Frost yikhono lesistimu yalo yezitshalo ngesikhathi sasebusika ukubekezelela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa isikhashana emananini ashiwo kuzinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, ngaphandle kokulimala noma ngomonakalo omncane emehlweni wamehlo wokuhlaselwa minyaka yonke. Ngamafuphi - lokhu kungukuphambanisa kwezinhlobonhlobo kokushisa okungekuhle okubucayi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi emazingeni okushisa aphansi athile lawo zingxenye zesitshalo ezinquma kamuva ukuthi izithelo nezithelo azife. Ngokuncipha okubukhali kokushisa komoya ebusika, amaqabunga (amehlo) omvini aqala aqandeke, bese amagxolo kanye ne-cambium yokhuni lwesitshalo yonakalisiwe. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi kuzithombo ezincane zonyaka owodwa nambili. Isimo esinjengokungamelana neqhwa kunqunywa ngokubonakalayo kuhlolo ngalunye lwamagilebhisi. Izinga lokumelana nesithwathwa lisuselwa emiphumeleni yokubukwa kwesikhathi eside kwentuthuko yezitshalo ezimeni zesiteshi sokulinga. Lesi sikhombisi siyinombolo esezingeni elifanele (elijwayelekile). Ezimweni zangempela, kwesinye isikhathi ezihluke kakhulu kokuthandekayo, ukumelana nesithwathwa kwamagilebhisi kuphansi kunokushiwo.
Ithebula: Ukuqoqwa kwamagilebhisi ngezinhlobo zokumelana nesithwathwa
| Inombolo yeqembu | Ukumelana nesithwathwa izinhlobo | Ukushisa okubucayi isichotho. Nge | Ukushisa okuphelele ngokuphelele ngokwesiko elingabonakali, isichotho. Nge |
| 1 | Okungavimbani neqhwa | -17-18 | -15 |
| 2 | Kulwa neqhwa kancane | -19-20 | -17 |
| 3 | Ubulukhuni obuphakathi | -21-22 | -19 |
| 4 | Kungamelana nesithwathwa kuphela | -23-24 | -21 |
| 5 | Kukhuphuka ukumelana nesithwathwa | -25-27 | -23 |
Emazingeni okushisa angathi sína, kumakhaza kuze kufike ku-50% wezithelo (Amehlo) ezinokwenzeka. Ukuqhubeka nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa kunyusa lesi sibalo kuma-80%. Ukulimala yiqhwa ezitshalweni zaminyaka yonke, lapho kungagcini nje kuphela amahlumela okuzala, kodwa futhi nokhuya, kubangela ukufa kwesihlahla sonke. Inkomba yokumelana nesithwathwa yezinhlobonhlobo ibaluleke kakhulu lapho kukhula amagilebhisi esikweni elingambozi. Njengomthetho, lezi yizindawo eziphakeme kakhulu zesimo ngendlela yama-altanas, uthango oluphakeme, ama-arches nama-arbor, lapho imikhono yamagilebhisi ingasuswa khona kwizisekeli, kodwa ebusika obala.
Ngokuqhathanisa nokumelana nesithwathwa (ukumelana kwezitshalo ezithela izithelo kumazinga okushisa abucayi), ubulukhuni bebusika buphawula ukumelana kwabo nesamba lezinto ezingezinhle (kufaka phakathi amazinga okushisa aphansi) ebusika. Njengomthetho, izilimo eziningi zezithelo ezibonisa ukumelana okukhulu kwesithwathwa nazo zimelana nobusika kakhulu.
Yu.V. UTrunov, uprofesa, udokotela S.-kh. zesayensi"Izithelo zikhula." I-LLC Publishing House KolosS, eMoscow, ngo-2012
Izici zezinhlobonhlobo ezikhula ngokuqinaqhwa
Impumelelo yokukhula kwamagilebhisi ezimweni ezithile zesimo sezulu ibucika ekubandakanyeni kokushisa kwalesi sifunda. Kuyaziwa ukuthi isidingo sesilinganiso sokushisa nokushisa kwelanga ilanga lezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi lihluke kakhulu. Amazinga okushisa aphansi aphansi akukhawulela ngamandla ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezifuna ukushisa ikakhulukazi. Uma izihlahla zomvini zilinyazwa yiqhwa elinamandla, kufa kwawo inqwaba kwenzeka. Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokumelana nesithwathwa libonakaliswa ezitshalweni ngesikhathi sobusika obukhulu. Lapho usuka dormancy organic kuya dormancy ophoqelelwe ekupheleni ebusika, bese kuya ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula, ukumelana isithwathwa kwamagilebhisi kuyancipha. Buyisela amafrimu entwasahlobo kuthinta ukuqhakaza kwezimbali ezibucayi. Amathuba amancane okulimala kwamagilebhisi yiqhwa ngesikhathi sokuqhuma nezimbali. Okumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa ngumvini. Ngokungafani nokuqhakaza okuqhakaza nezimpande zezithelo zomvini, iyakwazi ukubekezelela noma iqhwa elingamashumi amabili. Uma, ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibandayo kakhulu, umvini uyaqandeka, entwasahlobo amahlumela amasha wokuphindisela akhula kusuka kuma-buds okulala bese isihlahla sibuyiselwa ngenkathi eyodwa yokukhula.
Ividiyo: Ukukhetha amagilebhisi - izeluleko zabatshali abasaqala
Ukunakekela amagilebhisi ezinhlobo ezinqanda isithwathwa ngokuyisisekelo kuyafana nokunakekela izinhlobo ezijwayelekile. Kuqukethe ukukhulula inhlabathi ngqo ngaphansi kwezihlahla kanye nasezondweni, ukuthambisa okuvamile, ukubhujiswa kokhula, ukwakheka okulungile kanye nokuthenwa okufika ngesikhathi kwezihlahla, kanye nokuvinjwa kwezifo zokukhunta. Kulokhu, ukukhetha kwezinhlobonhlobo ezilungele izimo ezithile zesimo sezulu, isikhathi nendawo yokutshala izithombo zomvini zibaluleke kakhulu. Ezindaweni ezikhulayo ebusika ezikhula ngesivini samagilebhisi, amagilebhisi kumele ambozwe ngezinto ezifanele, ezivikela ekulimaleni kwesithwathwa nakumaqobelo ebusika angazelelwe. Izinhlobo zezithelo zomvini ezivimbela isithwathwa ziya kufinyelela eminyakeni emine ubudala zingaphansi kwesibopho sendawo yokuhlala ebusika, noma ngabe zinhlobonhlobo zokumboza noma ezingambozeli.
Ividiyo: indawo yokukhosela yeqhwa esivinini
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinhlobo ezingamelana neqhwa zingabekezelela iqhwa elinzima, zidinga ukuzilungiselela okuthile ebusika. Amagilebhisi asuswe ku-trellis kufanele abekwe phansi, futhi ngokukhethekile emabhodini, ophahleni abezwayo noma emabhodini enkuni. Ngemuva kwalokho imikhono nemivini kuchotshozwa ngamagatsha e-spruce e-coniferous, izingcezu zegobolondo le-polystyrene, i-linoleum futhi embozwe nge-agrofibre eligoqiwe ngezendlalelo eziningana, futhi ngaphezulu ngefilimu ukuze kuvikelwe umswakama. Ngaphansi kwesithwathwa seqhwa, amagilebhisi avikelwe ngale ndlela ebusika ngokuphephile ngisho nakwaqhwa nasezindongeni ezinzima. Kwasungulwa ngokuhlolwa ukuthi amasentimitha ayi-10 wokuphakama kwesithwathwa seqhwa sigcina amagilebhisi amaqondo okushisa ayishumi.
Imvamisa ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, ngithatha amagilebhisi wami emiqobeni, ngiwasike, ngihlala ngishiya imivini emikhulu emi-3-4, futhi ngayinye inefindo eli-1 lokufaka esikhundleni somvini ongu-1. Ngisusa amahlumela angenamandla futhi agobekile aqhamuka empandeni, futhi nginqume amahlumela athe andile kulo nyaka aya emvinini othelayo, futhi angashiyi hemp. Amahlumela amadala futhi aqinile, anamagxolo aqhekekile, aqhamuka empandeni, anqunywe ezansi. Ngemuva kokusika wonke amagilebhisi, ngiwubeka phansi, ngicindezela imivini ngezinduku ukuze ingaqhumi. Ngakho-ke ulinda kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
O. Strogova, umlimi onesipiliyoni, uSamaraIphephabhuku Lokulawulwa Kwasekhaya, No. 6, Juni 2012
Izithelo kuphela ekukhuleni konyaka wamanje, iziqu zonyaka zivuthwa - imivini. Ngakho-ke, amahlumela wonyaka ayisisekelo sesilimo. Entwasahlobo yokuqala, izithombo zonyaka wesibili kufanele zidliwe ukuze amagatsha esihlathini esihlahleni aqale ukwakha. Kusukela kusukela eminyakeni emithathu, entwasahlobo, amahlumela amagilebhisi avulwa ngemuva kobusika ahlanganiswe kusekela okulungiselelwe kwangaphambili - ama-trellises. Izihlahla zamagilebhisi ezifudukayo zigawulwa ngezigaba ezimbili: ekwindla - ngaphambi kokugcina izihlahla ngaphambi kwesithwathwa nasentwasahlobo - ngemuva kokuvula izihlahla ngaphambi kokuba ukuqhakaza kuvuleke futhi kuqhume nohlaza. Lapho uthamba, shiya amehlo amaningi (amahlumela athela izithelo) anikeza isivuno esikhulu ngaphandle kokunciphisa amandla esihlahleni. Inani lamehlo asele ngemuva kokuncipha libizwa ngokuthi umthwalo wehlathi.
Ividiyo: ukuthena isihlahla somvini esisha
Amagilebhisi okuthena ezinhlobonhlobo angazimbozi anezimpawu zawo: izihlahla ziholwa ikakhulu esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, amasonto amabili kuya amathathu emva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, bese kuqhubeka ubusika bonke ku-zero noma kuqondile (+ 3-5ºC) lokushisa ngaphambi kokuvulwa kwezinso. Imikhono yezinhlobo ezingekho embozweni ihleliwe kumakhothamo, emabhishi, odongeni lwezakhiwo.
Izinhlobo zokuqala zamagilebhisi ezifudumeza isithwathwa
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, amagilebhisi angavuthwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kuze kube phakathi ekwindla. Lapho sikhula lesi sitshalo ezindaweni ezinezikhathi ezifudumele ngokwanele nokuthi kungenzeka ukuqala kweziqalo zekwindla zakuqala, isikhathi kusuka kokuqhakaza kuya ekuvuthweni okugcwele kwesitshalo kufanele sincishiswe. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezibekelwe izifunda zaseCentral, North-Western ne-Ural zinezinkathi ezimfishane zokukhula, ziyanda kakhulu ukumelana nesithwathwa kanti zibhekwa njengokuqala nokusa. Lamagilebhisi afaka amagilebhisi eKrasa Severa, amaMuromets, iTimur, i-Agat Donskoy, iThalisman, iKryryanka nabanye abaningana.
Ithebula: Amagilebhisi angavimbeli isithwathwa kuqala
| Igama izinhlobo | Isifunda ukukhula | Ithemu ukuvuthwa | Ubukhulu kanye isisindo sobuningi | Izithelo (umbala, isisindo) | Nambitha izithelo | Isithwathwa ukuqina | Ukumelana ne izifo nezinambuzane |
| Izinkanyezi (Kumnyama kubomvu) | Ephakathi UMhlaba Omnyama Ophakathi Enyakatho-ntshonalanga | Kusekuseni kakhulu Izinsuku eziyi-110 | Okuphakathi 200-400 g | Onsomi omnyama, 2,5-4 g | Imnandi, ilula, imnandi, ngaphandle kwephunga | -23ºNge | Ivele i-oidium nokuthamba, imelana nokubola okungwevu |
| I-Timur (emhlophe) | Ephakathi UMhlaba Omnyama Ophakathi Enyakatho-ntshonalanga | Kusekuseni kakhulu Izinsuku ezingama-105-110 | Okukhulu 400-700 g | Imhlophe nge-amber hue, I-6-8 g | Imnandi, i-tart kancane, nephunga le-nutmeg | -25ºNge | Unqabe kuthamba, grey bola |
| Ubuhle baseNyakatho (Olga) | ICentral Black Earth, Belarus, Ukraine | Kusekuseni kakhulu Izinsuku eziyi-110 | Okuphakathi 300-500 g | Imhlophe ngombala opinki, 3-5 g | Imnandi futhi imuncu, iyaqabula imnandi | -25-26ºNge | Ivele i-oidium nokuthamba, imelana nokubola okungwevu |
| I-Codryanka | I-Lower Volga, Ural, ENyakatho Caucasian, Belarus | Kusekuseni kakhulu Izinsuku eziyi-110-118 | Okukhulu I-400-600 g (ingafinyelela ku-1.5 kg) | Onsomi omnyama onamathela nge-wax I-6-8 g | Okumnandi, okuvumelanayo, okumnandi kakhulu | -23ºNge | Ukumelana ngokuphelele nezifo ezinkulu |
| Ama-Muromets | I-Lower Volga, Ural, ENyakatho Caucasian, e-Ukraine | Kusekuseni kakhulu Izinsuku ezingama-105-115 | Okuphakathi kufika ku-400 g | Onsomi omnyama opende ngombala oblue 4-5 g | Imnandi elula kuyavumelana | -25-26ºNge | Ihlaselwa i-oidium, imelana nokuthamba |
| I-Rusball (i-raisin Mirage) | Ephakathi UMhlaba Omnyama Ophakathi I-Middle Volga, Belarus | Ekuseni Izinsuku ezingama-115-125 | Okukhulu I-400-600 g (ingafinyelela ku-1,0-1,5 kg) | Igolide elikhanyayo, elinamandla, 3-4 g | Okumnandi, okunejusi, nokunambitheka kancane kwe-musky | -25ºNge | Ukumelana okuphezulu kwezifo zokukhunta nokubola okungwevu |
| Agate Donskoy | Ural ENyakatho Caucasian | Ekuseni Izinsuku ezingama-115-120 | Okukhulu 400-600 g | Luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala we-wax I-4-6 g | Okumnandi, okulula, okumnandi, okunephunga | -26ºNge | Ukumelana okuphezulu ku-isikhutha ne-grey bola |
| IsiTalisman (Kesha-1) | Ephakathi UMhlaba Omnyama Ophakathi Enyakatho-ntshonalanga | Mid ekuseni Izinsuku ezingama-125- 135 | Kukhulu kakhulu 800-1100 g | Imhlophe nge-amber hue, ngenhlanganisela ye-wax 12-16 g | Imnandi futhi imuncu i-Harmonious elimnandi, nephunga le-nutmeg | -25ºС | Ukumelana okuphezulu kwezifo zokukhunta nokubola okungwevu |
Izinhlobo zokuqala eziningi zibonakaliswa ngu:
- ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwezihlahla;
- ukunambitheka okuhle kwezithelo;
- ukuzingcolisa (ngenxa yezimbali ezi-bisexual);
- ukuvuthwa okugcwele komvini;
- ukuhlukahluka kokusetshenziswa (okusha kanye namajusi, iziphuzo, amawayini).
Amagilebhisi ezinhlobonhlobo zeTalisman anezimbali zohlobo olufanayo (lowesifazane), ngakho-ke, ukuze impova, idinga izinhlobo ezihambisanayo zokuphola.
Igalari yezithombe: izici zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamagilebhisi zakuqala
- Amagilebhisi eKrasa Severa anesikhathi sokuvuthwa sokuqala kakhulu futhi ayaziwa njengokwelashwa ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-folic acid (uvithamini B9)
- Izinhlobo ze-cosmonaut zitholakala kalula ku-isikhutha ne-oidium, ukwelashwa kwesikhunta kuyadingeka
- Leli gilebhisi liveza ukunambitheka kwalo okumnandi ngokuthinta i-astringency ne-nutmeg
- Ngenxa yamaqoqo amakhulu, izinhlobo zeKodryanka zingezokukhishwa okuphezulu kakhulu
- Ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi zokuqala, amagilebhisi eTalisman anezimbali zohlobo lowesifazane osebenzayo futhi adinga impova eyengeziwe nezinye izinhlobo.
- Lapho kukhula le nhlobonhlobo ezifundeni zaseNyakatho Caucasus neLower Volga, ukuvikelwa ebusika akudingeki
Ngaphandle kokufana okukhulu ngezimpawu, izinhlobo zokuqala zinokuhlukahluka okuningi. Isibonelo, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-folic acid kumajikijolo kuletha inkazimulo yamagilebhisi yaseKrasa Severa. Amagilebhisi futhi ayahluka ekumelaneni kwawo nezifo zokukhunta kanye nesidingo sokuvikelwa ebusika. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinobungozi bokuthamba noma i-oidium kumele ziphathwe ngamalungiselelo we-fungicidal ngesikhathi sokukhula. Isikhathi nesikhathi imvamisa yokucubungula incike ekuhlobeni kwamagilebhisi athile.
Uma kunikezwe izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokumelana nesithwathwa, ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeCentral Black Earth Zone, amagilebhisi angatshalwa kusiko elingambozi. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sobusika esineqhwa noma iqhwa elinamandla kakhulu, izihlahla zidinga indawo yokukhosela ukuze zigweme ukuqandeka kwezimbali nezimbali zokhuni. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezincane lapho ubukhulu bokwemboza kwesihlahla zemivini kanye nemikhono kungenele.
Ividiyo: Izinhlobo zokuqala zesifunda saseMoscow nesifunda saseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga
Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zokuqina kokuqina kwesithwathwa
Ngenxa yomsebenzi wokufuya osebenzayo, umkhawulo wokukhula kwamagilebhisi amelana neqhwa ukhuphuke kakhulu ubheke ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, futhi manje umngcele wokutshala kwawo ugudla umugqa weSmolensk-Tver-Ivanovo-Kazan-Ufa. Izinhlobo ezingamelana neqhwa kakhulu yiNorth Early, iPlatovsky, iCrystal, iZilga, iKorinka Russian, iMemory yaseDombkovskaya. Amagilebhisi walezi zinhlobo amelana nesithwathwa kusuka ku-28°Kusuka ku-32°C. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lapho ukhula ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ezengeziwe, ama-bush adinga indawo yokuhlala enhle ebusika. Ezindaweni ezinobusika obuthambile, lapho kungekho khona ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa ebusika ebusika, amagilebhisi awakwazi ukumbozwa noma kungenziwa indawo yokukhanyisa ekhanya kakhulu.
Amagilebhisi Inkumbulo yeDombkowska inconyelwe ukulinyelwa ezingadini zasekhaya njengethebula lethebula eliphakeme elinethenda enkulu enamajikijolo enambitheka emangalisayo evumelanayo, eqoqwe ngamaqoqo amakhulu amahle anesisindo esingama-370 g
Izinhlobonhlobo zetafula Pamyat Dombkovskoy zingokweqembu lesisu (esingenambewu). Amagilebhisi avuthwa kakhulu ekuqaleni kwesizini, isikhathi sokukhula siyizinsuku eziyi-110-115. Amabhasi anamandla, anezimbali ezinamakhehla amabili futhi zihanjiswa impova ngokuzimela. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu kakhulu, isilinganiso sika-8.5-9 kg / isihlahla. Ngokwesimo sokuhlukahluka, ukumelana nesithwathwa kubikwa kufinyelele kumadigri angamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili, kodwa-ke, kunconyelwa ukuthi kukhishwe amagilebhisi ebusika. Ukwanda kokumelana kwezifo nezinambuzane kungenye yezinzuzo eziphambili zezinhlobonhlobo. Okubi kufaka ukulayisha ngokweqile ngezikhathi ezithile kwezihlahla eziqwini. Lokhu kubangela ukwahlukaniswa kwamajikijolo nokuncipha kokujula kwawo. Zonke lezi zimfanelo zikuvumela ukuthi ukhule amagilebhisi Pamyat Dombkovskoy kulo lonke elaseRussia.
Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi uPlatovsky waziwa kakhulu ngokuzithoba kwawo kulimo futhi unikeza isivuno esihle njalo ezimweni zezulu ezimbi.
Izici eziyinhloko zamagilebhisi ePlatovsky:
- Ikhule ikakhulukazi njengezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe.
- Ukuvuna kuvuthwa ngokushesha, ngezinsuku eziyi-110-115.
- Amajikijolo anomnandi kakhulu, ngokunambitheka okuvumelanayo nokuqukethwe ushukela omningi (21.3%).
- Ukukhiqiza kuvela ku-3.5 kuya ku-5 kg esihlahleni ngasinye.
- Izinga lokukhula kwezihlahla liphakathi, izinhlobonhlobo ziyazithutha.
- Ine-high frost ukumelana (-29°C), ngakho-ke, esifundeni saseNyakatho yeCaucasus kuvame ukukhula kumila ongasifihli isiko.
- Kukhule ukumelana kwezifo zokukhunta nokungatheleleki kwe-phylloxera.
- Enye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokwenza izinhlobo ezomile zewayini ezisezingeni eliphakeme.
Ividiyo: Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zikaPlovovsky
Ukuvunwa kwamagilebhisi Ukuqala kwe-TSHA kuvuthwa kusenesikhathi kakhulu, kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-110-115. Amagilebhisi walezi zinhlobonhlobo awafani nobukhulu bawo obukhethekile: kumasethi aphakathi nendawo enesisindo esiphakathi, amajikijolo (cishe 2 g) atholakala ngamaqoqo asayizi aphakathi nendawo (isisindo 75-90 g). Imvamisa ihlathi elilodwa linikeza cishe ama-3.5 kg ezithelo. Izimbali zi-bisexual, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokwenza impova eyengeziwe. Izinhlobonhlobo zinokuphikisana okungaphansi (ngezinga le-40-60%) ezifweni zokukhunta nezinambuzane (ezithintekile yisimungulu sesicabucabu). Ukumelana nesithambo samagilebhisi kulawulwa ku-28°C. Kodwa uma unikezwe ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zinemvume yokutshala kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia Federation, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nendawo yokukhosela ukukhanya ebusika iyadingeka.
Ngenxa yokunambitheka okuhle kwamajikijolo ngokuba nephunga lephayinaphu, izinhlobo zokuqala ze-TLCA zisetshenziswa njengezinhlobonhlobo zomhlaba wonke, ukusetshenziselwa okusha nokucutshungulwa kumajusi, amakhompiyutha newayini
Kuyaphawuleka izinhlobo zezithelo zamagilebhisi ezikhula ngempumelelo futhi zithele izithelo eSiberia: I-Pearlls Saba, iRusven, i-Amirkhan, i-Aleshenkin, i-Arkady. Futhi lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwezinhlobonhlobo ezivuthwa ngesimo sezulu esinzima ngamahlobo amafushane nobusika obude, obubandayo kakhulu. Namuhla, amagilebhisi, okuyinto kuze kube muva nje ayebhekwa njengosiko oluseningizimu, ahlala ngokuqinile ezindaweni zabalimi baseSiberia.
Ividiyo: izici zezinhlobo ezilwa nesithwathwa eSiberia
Uma kunikezwe izimo ezithile zaseSiberia, izinhlobo ezengeziwe zakuqala nezasekuqaleni ziyasetshenziselwa ukutshala. Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bokutshala amagilebhisi kulesi sifunda bunezimpawu zabo. Naphezu kokuphikiswa ubusika obuphakeme nobusika, amaqhude ebusika angalimala yiqhwa. Ngakho-ke, amagilebhisi ezimweni zaseSiberia atshalwa emiseleni noma emigqonyeni ephakeme, ngokushisa okuphoqayo kwamabhusha nezimpande. Kodwa-ke, lezo zimo ezedlulele zinesandla esihle: azikho izifo noma izinambuzane ezithinta amagilebhisi. Ngakho-ke, akukho zinambuzane ezidingekayo futhi isivuno sikhula sinemvelo. Iningi lalezi zinhlobo zamagilebhisi linamajikijolo amnandi kakhulu, anamakha futhi amnandi, ahlanganiswe ngamaqoqo amakhulu asindayo. Ngenxa yezimpawu zokuhlukahluka, umvini unesikhathi sokuvuthwa futhi amagilebhisi ashiye ebusika ngokuphepha.
Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezingambozeli
Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi, isici esiyinhloko saso esiphakeme kakhulu sokumelana nesithwathwa (kufika ku-40ºC) zibizwa ngokuthi i-non-Cover noma i-gazebo. Iningi lalezi zinhlobonhlobo zingenawo umkhuhlane, i-oidium ne-grey bola. Amajikijolo aphansi ngosayizi futhi anambitha izithelo zokumboza (i-European) izinhlobo, kepha lokhu kudonswa amandla kukhishwa amandla okusebenzisa izihlahla ukwenza umthunzi wamachweba, amakhona okuphumula. Inhloso eyinhloko yezinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezingamboziembozo ngubuchwepheshe, ukukhiqiza iwayini neziphuzo.
Ngenxa yokufakwa kombala okukhulu kwamajikijolo kanye nokuqukethwe okunoshukela omningi, amawayini asezingeni eliphakeme enzelwa amagilebhisi ale nhlobonhlobo
Izinhlobo zeSaperavi Northern zisebenza ngezobuchwepheshe futhi zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwenza i-winemaking. Isivuno sivuthwa sekwephuzile, ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Isici esivelelayo sezinhlobonhlobo ukuthi amabhulashi avuthiwe angaboli phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-20-25. Amajikijolo anomnandi kakhulu, okuqukethwe ushukela omningi (17-20%), kepha kuncane, kunesisindo esingu-0.8-1.2 g. Ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo yi "isabel" ethile, ethokoziswa ekwakhiweni kwewayini. Iqoqo lincane ngosayizi, ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo sebhulashi elilodwa lingaba amagremu ayi-100. Ukuba nezimbali ezinamakhekhe amabili, izinhlobonhlobo ziyazithuthukisa. Ngokwesiko elingasimbozi, imikhono nemivini yaseSaperavi Northern ziyakwazi ukumelana namaqandeni ezansi kuya ku-30ºC.
I-sitrobheli emnandi ekunambithekeni kwamagilebhisi we-Alfa kanye ne-acidity elinganiselayo yenza kubaluleke lapho kwenziwa amawayini owomile
Amagilebhisi we-Alpha aziwa njengenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuqothula i-winemaking. Izithelo ezincane zokunambitheka omuncu ziqoqwa ngamaqoqo osayizi ophakathi nesisindo (kufika ku-200 g). Ehlahleni ezinde, isivuno sivuthwa izinsuku ezingama-140 kuya ku-145 ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyazala, izifo zokukhunta nezinambuzane azilinyazwa. Ukumelana nesithwathwa esiphakeme kufika ku-40°I-C ikuvumela ukuthi ukhule zomvini ezinhlobonhlobo ngaphandle kokukhosela ngendlela yama-arches nama-arbor, ngokuhlobisa udonga. Ngisho namajikijolo abanjwe kancane kancane yiqhwa awalahli ukunambitheka kwawo kanye nesethulo.
Ukuqina nokumelana nesithwathwa okuhle kakhulu kuhlangene nokunambitheka okumnandi kwamajikijolo kwenza ukuba sikhule leligilebhisi kokubili njengomhlobiso we-gazebo nanjengesithako
Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zaseDvietis zila zikhethwe eLatvia ezifundeni ezinezimo ezinzima zesimo sezulu phakathi nobusika. Amabhasi amelana namazinga okushisa aqandayo afinyelela ku-40°C, ngenkathi uhlelo lwempande zomvini lukwazi ukumelana nqenqemeni womhlaba ukwehla degrees eziyishumi. Yize amajikijolo aleligilebhisi mancane, anambitheka ngendlela efanayo nephunga elimnandi le-sitrobheli. Amaqhubu asayizi aphakathi nesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-150 avuthiwe ezinyangeni ezine. Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa umkhiqizo okhule ngokwanele isivuno esingasimbozi - Izithelo eziyi-10-15 kg zitholakala esihlahleni esisodwa. Izici ezinhle zokunambitha amajikijolo zinikeza i-Dvietis zila ehlukahlukene ngezindlela ezinamandla ezisetshenziswayo. Ngenxa yezimbali ezinezimbali ezimbili, izihlahla ziyazenzela impova futhi zingasetshenziselwa ukunikela impova yamagilebhisi ngezimbali ezisebenza kahle zezimbali zezimbali eziphakathi nendawo. Amagilebhisi atholakala kancane ekulimazeni yizifo nezinambuzane.
Ividiyo: ukubuyekezwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi angaqinile-ebusika
Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezingamelana neziqhwa e-Ukraine
Ukuze kulinywe e-Ukraine, zonke izinhlobo ezilwa nesithwathwa zisetshenziswa eziye zahlolwa ngempumelelo izimo zezindawo eziphakathi kweRussia neBelarus. Amagilebhisi adume kakhulu abandakanya amagilebhisi ase-Arcadia, amaSaba Pearls, iBako, eKiev ekuqaleni kwesikhashana, iPlatovsky, iMuscat Delight, i-Agat Donskoy, iNadezhda AZOS nezinye izinhlobo eziningi. Iningi lalawa magilebhisi okuqala nokuvuthwa okuphakathi kwamagilebhisi, azikhotha impova, abe nesithelo esikhulu ngokuhambisana nokunambitheka okumnandi kwamajikijolo. Ukumelana nezifo zokukhunta futhi ubekezelele iqhwa lize lifinyelele ku-25-30°C.
Ividiyo: Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zokukhula esifundeni saseKiev
Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zobuchwepheshe zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi abaningi base-Ukraine: Crystal, Lydia, Isabella, Isipho saseMagarach. Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esiphansi kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi zase-Ukraine, leli gilebhisi selikhuliswa ikakhulu kusiko elingafakweli.
Ividiyo: Amagilebhisi we-Crystal Non-Cover
Isimo sezulu esifunda ezindaweni ezisempumalanga ye-Ukraine ezimweni zezulu sivumelana kakhulu nesimo sezulu sasesifundeni saseNyakatho Caucasus eRussia. Lokhu kuyisici esinqumayo lapho ukhetha izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zokukhula kulezi zindawo. Imvamisa, izinhlobo zokuvuthwa kokuqala kanye naphakathi ziyatshalwa lapha. Ubusika obungazinzile beDonbass enamawele kaningi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi isithwathwa esinzima, sisho isidingo sokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezisimbozayo ikakhulukazi. Yize izinhlobo ezingekho embozweni zikhule ngempumelelo kusiko lodonga.
Ividiyo: ukubukezwa kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi zakuqala esifundeni saseLuhansk
Indlu yethu yasehlobo itholakala esifundeni saseDonetsk. Inhlabathi yethu mihle, ivundile, kepha imvelo ihlala ikhombisa imisele yayo. Bese kuthi ngo-Ephreli, umoya wasempumalanga uzoletha isivunguvungu sothuli, khona-ke iqhwa phakathi nobusika liyoncibilika, bese likhithika emini futhi konke kumbozwe yiqhwa. Umhlabathi esizeni sethu, yize umanyolo, kepha ngenxa yesihlabathi esiningi, ngakho-ke, phakathi nesithwathwa esinzima siyaba shushu ngokujulile. Okunzima kakhulu ezimweni ezinjalo yigilebhisi. Uma ebusika kwakuneqhwa elincane futhi iqhwa elinamandla lishayile, khona-ke uhlelo lwalo lwezimpande luyoma. Futhi uma kwenzeka u-icing, izimpande zimane ziminyanise ngaphandle komoya. Sinesivini esincane; kukhula izihlahla eziningana ze-Odessa souvenir, i-Arcadia ne-Agate Donsky. I-Agate iyathandeka kakhulu phakathi komndeni wethu. Ungazithobi ekunakekeleni, ukhiqiza kakhulu, futhi umelana nezilonda zomvini. Ngaphezu kwe-Agate, simboza wonke amanye amahlathi ebusika. Futhi leli gilebhisi libekezelela kahle ubusika beDonetsk ngenxa yokumelana kwayo kakhulu nesithwathwa. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi izimpande zihlushwa yiqhwa, amajikijolo mancane, imivini ayithuthukiswanga kahle kanti nezihlahla kufanele zilulame isikhathi eside. Eminyakeni emine eyedlule, sanquma ukutshala ezinye izihlahla ezimbalwa zezintandokazi zethu. Kumagazini wezingadi ngifunde ukuthi uYu.M. IChuguev ikhula amagilebhisi ezihlahleni eziphakeme. Futhi wanquma ukwenza ucwaningo ngamagilebhisi akhe. Entwasahlobo yokutshala, samba umgodi ongu-4 m ubude kanye nobude obuyi-0,3-0.4 m. Kwagcotshwa amabhakede amaningana amatshe phansi phansi komsele, umquba wabekwa ngaphezulu kuya ezingeni lomsele kanye noqweqwe lomhlabathi oluvundile olunomanyolo oluyinkimbinkimbi. Izithombo zesithombo zazitshalwe emigodini elungiselelwe (zathengwa ngohlelo lwempande oluvaliwe) futhi zathela inhlabathi engadini ukuphakama okungaba ngu-20 cm. Ehlobo, babenakekela ehlathini, njengokujwayelekile kumagilebhisi amancane. Ayevikelekile ngokucophelela ebusika, futhi “abahlali abasha” bethu babephethe kahle kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, iminyaka emithathu yokuqala emva kokutshala, sakhula amagilebhisi asencane ngohlelo lwakudala, ngokunisela, ukutshala, ukhula lokhula nendawo yokuhlala ebusika. Futhi kakade ngonyaka wesithathu wasibonga ngamaqoqo amahle. Ukuwa kokugcina, sishiya u-Agate embhedeni ophakeme ngaphandle kokukhosela. Ekuqaleni kukaMashi kulo nyaka, siye kwisiza sethu ukuvakashela izilwane ezifuywayo. Ukwahlulela isimo somvini, amagilebhisi asuswe ngokuphelele. Yize ubusika bonyaka ka-2017 buqale sekwephuzile, ekupheleni kukaDisemba kuphela kweqhwa lokuqala. Futhi phakathi kukaJanuwari-uFebhuwari kwakukhona amathayile amaningana, alandelwa yiqhwa nokwakhiwa koqoqwana lweqhwa phansi. Ngakho-ke singasho ukuthi ukuhlola bekuyimpumelelo futhi nendlela yokukhula kwamagilebhisi embhedeni ophakeme ezimweni zethu kukhombisile ukusebenza kwayo.
Ukubuyekezwa
Amabhasi ama-2 kaBako asebenze iminyaka eminingi, akekho obekade emkhosela, akekho omnakekelayo, futhi ukhule ngokuzimela futhi athela izithelo unyaka nonyaka. Izinyoni kuphela ezingamniki ukuthula, kepha ngeke zidle izinto ezimbi.
IVladimir, idolobha lasePoltava//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=1477&page=3
Ngiyaqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi i-White Hybrid, iLyubava, iVictoria, iMhlophe White, i-Agat Donskoy izobusika ngaphandle kokulahleka. Okubi kakhulu ukuthi ubusika bukaKesha noMuscat Muscat buwenza njalo, minyaka yonke ngesivuno esihle. Inhliziyo iyabanda. Isipho Zaporozhye sibukeka kangcono kakhulu. Le yimiphumela yokubukwa kwamashumi eminyaka, kwakukhona ubusika futhi kubi kakhulu kunokwamanje.
Vladimir Timok1970, esifundeni sase-Ivano-Frankivsk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=1477&page=7
Ngincoma iHybrid White kuwo wonke umuntu. Ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu kwe-muscat, kumnandi kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana nokuqhekeka nokubola. Ukumelana neqhwa -30. Ngikhula iminyaka eyi-10 futhi njalo ngomphumela omuhle. Okuwukuphela kwento esidonsa ngayo amajikijolo amancane. Kulaba abasha, uLyubava noMoscow White bahle kakhulu. Ngibambulile bonke endaweni esezintabeni eCarpathians 400 m ngenhla kolwandle. Ngicabanga ukuthi kulo lonke i-Ukraine ungakhula ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Vladimir Timok1970 Ivano-Frankivsk esifundeni//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=1477&page=7
Ukukhetha okukhulu kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezinokumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa kanye nezimpawu ezinhle zekhwalithi kuvumela abatshali ukuthi bakhule lesi sitshalo futhi bathuthukise izinhlobo ezintsha ngisho nasezifundeni ezinezimo zezulu ezinzima.
