Abathandi abaningi bayakuthokozela ukutshala amagilebhisi ezihlelweni zabo siqu. Kodwa-ke, isivuno asihlali ngaso sonke isikhathi sifeza okulindelwe. Isizathu singalala ngesikhathi sokucubungula esingalungile. Inhlanganisela efanelekile yendlela yokucubungula kanye nokulungiselela ngezigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwamagilebhisi kuzovumela ukufeza isivuno esihle.
Kuyadingeka yini ukuthi ubheke izigaba ze-luhluma ekucutshungulisweni kwamagilebhisi entwasahlobo
Intwasahlobo ibhekwa njengesikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokucubungula amagilebhisi ngokumelene nezinambuzane nezifo. Ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo okungavimba noma kunciphise ingozi yokuthola izifo.
Akuwona wonke umuntu oqonda ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukucabanga ngezigaba zokuqedwa kwezinso lapho ukhetha isikhathi nendlela yokwelashwa. Kukhona izizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani lokhu kufanele kwenziwe:
Ezinye izifo, kanye nezinye izinambuzane, zidinga ukuqala ukuqedwa ngaphambi kokuba zibonakale. Uma ulindela izinso ukuthi zivule lapho kuvela izimpawu zalesi sifo, kungahle kube sekwedlule isikhathi.
Emazingeni ahlukene wokuvula, amaqabunga namaqabunga amasha asabela ngendlela ehlukile ekwelashweni. Amanye amakhemikhali angenabungozi ezinso ezivalekile angalimaza amapheshana avulekile.
Ngokuya ngezigaba zokuqhuma kwehlumela, ukucubungula amagilebhisi kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezilandelayo:
- Isigaba sokuqala ukwelashwa kokuvimbela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kuqala ukuvuvukala kwezinso.
- Isigaba sesibili ukuphathwa kwezinso eziqhakaza, kuqondiswe nezilokazane eziqala umsebenzi wazo.
- Isigaba sesithathu - ukugqoka okuphezulu nokucutshungulwa ngemuva kokuhlunga.
Ungafafaza kanjani amagilebhisi entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu
Ukusebenza esivinini kuqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho nje usongo lokuqothuka kwesithwathwa bese kudonswa ubusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, sekuyisikhathi sokwenza isifutho sokuqeda, esisusa ama-ejenti okubulala cishe zonke izifo. Ukucutshungulwa kungenziwa ekushiseni komoya okungaphezulu kuka-5 mayelanaC. Ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa, imivini kufanele ihlanzwe inhlabathi esele kanye nemfucumfucu ngebhulashi. Ngokufafaza, iNitrafen (2%) ne-DNOC (1%) angasetshenziswa.
Ukulungiselela ukucubungula kwasekuqaleni kwamagilebhisi esithombeni
- INitrafen ingenye yezinambuzane ezinamandla kakhulu.
- I-DNOC isikhunta esisebenzayo ukuvikela isivini
- Iron sulfate ayisizi kuphela ukuvikela amagilebhisi ezinambuzaneni, kepha futhi isebenza njengomanyolo
Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyasiza ukuphatha amagilebhisi ngesixazululo se-iron sulfate - kuyasiza nasekubhubhiseni izinambuzane namagciwane, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kugcwalisa inhlabathi ngensimbi. Ukuxineka okuphansi kwe-iron sulfate (500 g nge-10 wamalitha amanzi) kuvimbela ukulimala kuthambeka, i-necrosis ebonakalayo, i-anthracnose ne-grey bola.
Ukwelashwa kwe-ironron sulfate kunenye into - kukuvumela ukuthi ubambezele ukuqunjelwa kwe-efihlekile futhi uvikele amagilebhisi kusuka kuqhwa lwentwasahlobo olunokwenzeka.
Ngenhloso efanayo, ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala kwezinso, amagilebhisi acutshungulwa nge-sulfate yethusi (3%).
Icubungula amagilebhisi ngemuva kokuvula imivini - ividiyo
Ungacubungula amagilebhisi ngengxube yeBordeaux (2-3%). Vele ungakhohlwa ukuthi lesi sidakamizwa singaba yingozi futhi sinciphise ukukhula kwamabhushi ekugxilweni okuphezulu.
Amagilebhisi ezinso aqhakazayo
Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, amaqabunga aqala ukuqhakaza amagilebhisi futhi ngalesi sikhathi kubalulekile ukuphatha nge-fungicides. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvikela i-oidium, anthracnose, amabala amnyama. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu kwelashwa akukhona okuphoqelekile ngokwemibandela: kwenziwa kuphela uma ngesizini edlule kube nezimpawu zalezi zifo.
Ukuze ucubungulwe, ungasebenzisa i-Arceride, i-Bordeaux ketshezi, i-Tsineb, iStrobi, isibabule kanye nezinye izinto ezibulala ukhunta.
Ama-fungicides amagilebhisi - ividiyo
I-Arceride iyi-analogue yesidakamizwa i-Ridomil ngokufakwa kwe-polycarbacide. Izakhiwo zalo zihlelekile futhi zenziwa ngokuxhumana. Isixazululo silungiswa ngesilinganiso sama-40 g ngebhakede lamanzi kanti imivini iphathwa ngokumelene notshwala. Isikhathi sokulinda singamaviki ama-3.
Uketshezi lweBordeaux kufanele lusetshenziswe ekuqoqweni okuphansi kunasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (0.5-1%)
Umbhali usebenzise ngempumelelo isibabule segadi esivamile ekucubungulweni isivini kaningi, wasisebenzisa ngomile ngesifutho sokufafaza esikhethekile. Ukulungisa isibabule ebusweni bamahlumela, kwakudingeka ukufafaza imivini ngesisombululo sensipho nokufafaza isibabule endaweni emanzi. Ukwelashwa okunjalo, uma kwenziwa ngesikhathi, kuvikela ngempumelelo isifo se-oidium.
Izimbuzane ezilimaza amaqabunga, kanti izibonakaliso zokuqala zokubonakala kwazo zivame ukuvela ngenkathi kuvulwa izimbali
Imvamisa, kuvame ukuthi kube ngesikhathi sokuvulwa kwezinso lapho kutholakala izimpawu zokubonakala kophawu lwamagilebhisi. Kulesi simo, ukwelashwa nge-acaricides noma i-sireletsetoacaricides efana ne-Actellic noma i-Vertimec kuzodingeka. Ngaso leso sikhathi, singalashwa ngokumelene nokucheba namabhu.
Icubungula amagilebhisi ngokuqhakaza ukuqhakaza - ividiyo
Ungawacubungula kanjani amagilebhisi entwasahlobo ngemuva kokuvula ama-buds
Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, wonke amaqabunga ezomvini akhule ngokuphelele. Ekuqaleni kukaJuni, lapho izihlahla sezisondela esigabeni sezimbali, kudingeka okunye ukucubungula amagilebhisi. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, amagilebhisi asengozini enkulu yezifo nezinambuzane, futhi ukucubungula ngqo ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala yokwelashwa kukaJuni nge-fungicides iyadingeka (Strobi, Thanos, Delan, Kuproksat). I-Pesticiadmi ngalesi sikhathi kungcono ukungayiphathi. Ukufafaza nge fungicides kuyaphindwa lapho amaqanda aba usayizi wethanga.
Ukuqhubeka kokusebenza kwamagilebhisi kufanele kuqhubeke. Isibonelo, ngoJulayi, okunye ukufafaza (noma ukwelapha) kufafazwa kwenziwa ngezifo zokukhunta. Ukucutshungulwa kufanele kwenziwe kwisimo sezulu esomile, hhayi ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingama-20- 21 emva kwangaphambilini. Ngokuphikisana ne-oidium ngalesi sikhathi, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo weFlint noma i-Quadrice.
Icubungula amagilebhisi ngemuva kokufaka amaqabunga - ividiyo
Ukulwa nezifo zokukhunta akuyeki kuze kuphele isizini. Ngo-Agasti, ikakhulukazi lapho lina lina, kungavela izimpawu zokuqina, i-oidium ne-grey bola. Ngokumelana nezifo ezimbili zokuqala, iTopazi, iFlint, iStrobi, isisombululo se-colloidal sulfure sisetshenziswa. I-Grey rot ingahlanganiswa nesisombululo se-potassium permanganate (6-7 g nge-10 wamalitha amanzi). Ezinhlotsheni zokuqala, lokhu kwelashwa kungokugcina kwesizini.
Izinhlobo zakamuva zingadinga enye impatho, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-oidium ingahle ivele emithini lapho isivuno seluvuniwe. Kulokhu, ukwelashwa kokugcina kwenziwa ngoSepthemba, ngamalungiselelo afanayo nango-Agasti.
Ukusebenza kwamagilebhisi akubalulekile nje kuphela, kepha ukufeza umphumela wangempela kumele kuhambisane nezigaba zokukhula kwesihlahla samagilebhisi.
