Amajikijolo ibhungane eliyingqayizivele. Akubalulekanga ukunambitheka kwawo okumnandi nephunga eliqhakazile. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokupholisa, isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kumakhaza. Umuthi onjalo onambitha ukhuthaza ukwelulama okusheshayo futhi ugcoba umzimba ngamavithamini. Idlanzana lama-raspberries liyisidambisi esimangalisayo: ithusi ekwakhiweni kwalo liqinisa uhlelo lwezinzwa futhi luthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwemizwa. Ama-raspberry ayintandokazi yabalimi nabalimi. Kepha akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezingamelana nezimo ezinzima zaseSiberia, lapho kunamaqhwa aqhekeka khona ebusika, futhi entwasahlobo ngisho ngoJuni, amafulethi wokubuya ayabonakala. Ngokwesimo sezulu esishishane izwekazi, ama-raspberries kuphela anokuphikiswa okwengeziwe kwezinto ezingezinhle zemvelo, njenge-Shiny, afanelekayo.
Umlando Wokuhlukahluka Okusajingijolo
Izinhlobonhlobo lezi zatholakala ngabalimi abazalanayo e-Siberian Research Institute of Horticulture. M.A. Lisavenko kusuka kokuwela izinhlobo ezahlukene Cumberland kanye Molling Landmark. Kusukela kuma-raspberries amnyama amnyama aseMelika, i-hybrid yazuza ukunambitheka okumnandi, ukuhanjiswa okuhle, okuvela ezinhlotsheni zabazali baseBrithani - izithelo ezigqamile, ezinhle nekhono lokuvuna ngaphandle kokwesaba ameva. Kusukela ngo-1989, iBrilliant ibilokhu ihlolwa ngokuhlukahlukene, kwathi ngonyaka we-1993 yafakwa kwiRejista Yombuso ezifundeni zaseNtshonalanga Siberian, East Siberian, Volga-Vyatka kanye ne-Ural (I-Altai Territory ne-Altai Republic, iKrasnoyarsk Territory kanye neRiphabhlikhi yaseKhakassia, Novosibirsk kanye ne-Omsk Regions).
Okusajingijolo Brilliant - a hybrid atholwe abafuyi baseRussia ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule
Incazelo yebanga
Isihlahla sangemuva kweminyaka yobusika siqine kakhulu ebusika, sibekezelela iqhwa elinzima. Ngisho nezithombo ezincane zibanda kakhulu kuyaqabukela - kuphela kuleyo minyaka lapho ezinye izinto ezihlwanyelwe zifa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zomhlabathi ngokungabikho kwesembozo seqhwa.
Izinhlobonhlobo zinikezwa ukungasebenzi okungapheli komzimba - akwesabi ukuthi kuzomiswa ukushisa ngokweqile, kumelana nokuguga ngesikhathi semvula ende, akuvami ukugula futhi kucishe kungathinteki ngomiyane okusajingijolo nesimila sesicabucabu.
Amajikijolo of okusajingijolo Shiny uvuthwe okweshumi kuJulayi
Amajikijolo Brilliant yokuvuthwa okuphakathi kokuqala. Amajikijolo avuthiwe avela emagatsheni ngolweshumi kuJulayi. Izithelo ziyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi, okwenza sikwazi ukujabulela ama-raspberries amasha isikhathi eside. Amajikijolo avunwa ezindaweni ezingama-5-6 receptions, lapho eseqile, awaboli. Abalimi bancoma isethulo esihle samajikijolo amakhulu ngokunambitheka okumnandi.
Izici ze-rasipberry izinhlobo Shiny
Isihlahla esiphakathi nendawo silingana ngo-1,3-1,5 m ubude namagatsha obukhulu obuphakathi. Iziqu ze-biennial ziqonde, zinombala onsundu, iziqu zonyaka ziluhlaza ngokuqhakaza. Ama-elastic amahlumela anenhlansi ephezulu lapho isisindo samajikijolo athambekele emhlabathini, ngakho-ke udinga ukusebenzisa ukwesekwa lapho ukhula ama-raspberry. Ama-spikes atholakala engxenyeni engezansi yamahlumela kuphela, esiza kakhulu ukuvuna. Amaqabunga angama-oval, aphakathi ngosayizi, aluhlaza okomnyama, acwebezelayo. Amajikijolo awaluvali ugoqo, njengoba isihlahla sinikeza inani elincane lamahlumela. Iqhakaza ngezimbali ezimhlophe eziphakathi nendawo eziqoqiwe kuma-inflemcence amahlanga.
I-raspberry Shiny yakha isihlahla esiphakathi nendawo ngamahlumela agobekayo
Ukukhiqiza - 35 t / ha. Amajikijolo makhulu, enesisindo esilinganiselwe esingu-2.6 g, esiphezulu - 5.6 g, ukwakheka okuyindilinga. Okusajingijolo igama lakhe ngenxa yokukhanya komhlaba okhazimulayo wezithelo zombala obomvu omnyama. I-pulp iyinambuzane, inoshukela, inephunga elimnandi, nokunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu. Ziqukethe ushukela - 5.5%, acid - 1.3%. Amajikijolo awalahlekelwa ukwakheka kwawo ngisho nangesikhathi sokwelashwa okushisa: ngesikhathi sokupheka, awanamatheli ndawonye futhi awabiliki.
Amajikijolo amancanyana awabiliki ujamu
Ama-raspberries abomvu anempilo kunaphuzi. Kepha okuwusizo kakhulu kwezempilo - ama-raspberries amnyama, aqukethe izikhathi ezingama-3 ama-antioxidants amanye amajikijolo.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziyazazisa, azidingi ama-pollinators angeziwe. Ngisho noma kukhula isihlahla esisodwa, amaqanda azoba khona. Kepha isivuno sezitshalo sizophakama kakhulu uma utshala ezinye izinhlobo ezingama-2-3 eduzane.
Amandla aphezulu okuguquguquka, ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane, izimfanelo ezinkulu nezithelo ezinhle zokunambitha zihlukanisa okuhlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zama-raspberries.
Ukunambitheka okukukhulu futhi okunezithelo ezinhle kakhulu kuhlukanisa okusajingijolo okugqamile phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo
Izici Zokufika
Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobonhlobo akuncike kuphela ezimeni zezulu, kepha futhi endaweni yama-raspberries, ikhwalithi yokutshala impahla nokuhambisana nemithetho yokutshala.
Indawo engcono kakhulu ye berry
Kuma-raspberries, indawo enelanga evulekile kufanele igcinwe, ivikelwe ukusuka enyakatho uthango noma izakhiwo. Isiko lizoqhamukelana nomthunzi olinganiselwe olulinganiselwe, kepha lukhula kabi emthunzini: amahlumela akhishwa, amajikijolo mancane.
Ukuze okusajingijolo, kufanele ukhethe indawo enelanga, evikelwe emoyeni ngothango
Inhlabathi kufanele ithuthukiswe nge-humus futhi ibe nomswakama omuhle nokuqina komoya. Izithelo eziphezulu ezitshalweni zesihlabathi zingatholakala uma kusetshenziswa imithamo ebalulekile yomanyolo futhi ukuthambisa ejwayelekile kuningi. Kungcono ukungatshali ama-raspberries enhlabathini enobumba obunzima, ezindaweni ezinamanzi aphansi, lapho amanzi omhlaba ephuma khona ngaphandle. Ayilungele izihlahla zomdwebo futhi indawo eziphakeme lapho iqhwa lishaywa khona umoya ebusika bese amahlumela eqabela, futhi ngenkathi efudumele amanzi emvula awahlali, okuholela ekumeni komhlabathi okusheshayo.
Okusajingijolo uzonikeza ngesivuno esivulekile uma sikhula enhlabathini evundile evundile
Lapho ukhetha indawo, kuyadingeka ukubheka izinga le-acidity yenhlabathi. Emhlabathini wenhlabathi eduze kwama-raspberries, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esinethayo, esinethayo nesipholile, izimpawu zezindlala ze-nitrogen - chlorosis - ngokushesha ziqala ukukhombisa, ukukhula kwezimpande kuya ngokuba mbi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukumuncwa kwezitshalo ngezakhi zomzimba namanzi kuyehla. Ukususa umhlabathi wenhlabathi wokumba, umcako (500 g m2).
Abahlali abanokuhlangenwe nakho kwasehlobo kumele babheke ukujikeleza kwezilimo futhi bazame ukungatshali berry kuleyo ekhoneni lengadi lapho kwakudotshwe khona utshani, utamatisi namazambane. Abanduleli abasha bama-raspberries yi-siderata, zucchini, ithanga, ubhontshisi. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-7-8, okusajingijolo kufanele kudluliselwe kwenye indawo.
Ama-raspberry azozizwa emnandi endaweni lapho kwakhiwa khona umquba oluhlaza
Umlobi wale migqa waphawula ukuthi i-raspberry izizwa kahle eduze kwama-currants abomvu, ukhukhamba kanye izaqathi, ama-cherries nezihlahla ze-apula. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, izihlahla zezithelo akufanele zifihle ukutshala kwamajikijolo. Kepha ngizama ukutshala ama-sea sihlahla sivame ukutholakala kude nama-raspberries - lezi zitshalo ezincintisanayo zizolwela umswakama nokudla, ngenxa yalokho, ukuvuna kwazo zombili izilimo kuhlupheka.
Isikhathi sokufika
Amajikijolo angatshalwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Isikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo ehlathini ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvulekile - kufanele senziwe ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu. Kulokhu, izitshalo zinesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande bese zidlulela kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthuka phakathi nenkathi. Kodwa i-fruiting ngeke ibe miningi kakhulu, ngoba wonke amabutho ahlose ukuqinisa uhlelo lwezimpande kanye namahlumela akhulayo. Ukutshala kwe-Autumn kwenziwa emavikini ama-3 ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ukuze izithombo zihlanganyele endaweni entsha, zinezimpande futhi zikhule ziqine. Izinsuku ezithile zokufika zixhomeke esimweni sezulu nesimo sezulu salesi sifunda. Izithombo ezikhule ezitsheni zingatshalwa isizini yonke.
Izithombo zezitsha zingatshalwa isizini yonke
Ukukhetha izithombo
Ungathathi izingozi futhi uthathe isitshalo emakethe, kungcono ukuthenga ngokuthenga ezinkulisa ezinkulu noma ezikhungweni zezingadi. Inkampani kuphela enedumela elihle ezoqinisekisa ukusinda kwesihlahla nokuvumelana kwezithelo ezinhlobonhlobo ezimisiwe. Lapho ukhetha i-seedling, kufanele uyicabangele ngokucophelela. Isitshalo kufanele sibe nohlelo lwezimpande olugqinsiwe, ngaphandle kokukhula kanye nezimpawu zokubuna namagatsha agobekayo ngobukhulu be 8-10 mm. Isithombo esitshalekile kufanele sisuswe kwiphakethe: isigaxa sodaka kumele singasebenzi, singaboli futhi lonke luboshwe ngezimpande ezondile.
Ezitshalweni ze-raspberry, uhlelo lwempande kufanele lukhule kahle
Ukukhetha okukhulu kwezinto zokutshala kuvame ukwenzeka ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwengadi, ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ukuze asindise izithombo kuze kube sekutshaleni kwentwasahlobo, ambiwa engadini. Bamba umsele ube ngu 15 cm cm, wenze uhlangothi olulodwa luthambekele. Kubekwa izitshalo phezu kwaso, kufafazwe izimpande namagatsha 2/3 wobude bomhlaba, futhi, lapho usuxubulile indunduma kahle, uyimboze ngezimbobo ze-spruce paws. Ebusika, kufafazwe yiqhwa, izithombo ngeke zibambe, futhi namagatsha anamahloni avikela ngokuqothuka kwamahashe.
Izihlwitha ku-prikop zibanda ngokuphelele
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Indawo kufanele ilungiswe kusengaphambili: bambe, ukhiphe ukuphuma, umanyolo nge-humus (20 kg m2) ngokufakwa kwe-superphosphate (60 g) nosawoti we-potassium (30 g) noma i-ash (300 g). Nge-acidization eqinile, lime lifakwa emhlabathini (500 g m2).
Ojikijolo bayimbiwa bavundiswe
Ezindaweni zokulima eziyingozi, kusebenza kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-biohumus AgroProst (12 kg m2) Umanyolo we-organic ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-humic acid, i-potassium ne-phosphorus kukhulisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi ngokushesha ngemuva kokufaka isicelo. Futhi ifomu elingafakwanga le-nitrogen liqeda ukuhlaselwa kwe-nitrogen ngesikhathi sokutshala kwesihlahla sokwindla.
Lapho esetshenziswa enhlabathini, umanyolo we-AgroProst wandisa kakhulu umsebenzi wokuphilayo nokuzala komhlaba
Ama-raspberry atshalwe ehlathini noma ngendlela eqondile. Amabhasi angashadile atshalwe emigodini 60x45 ngosayizi, kusale ibanga eli-1 m phakathi kwawo .. Emasimini okusajingijolo, kungakuhle ukuthi kusetshenziswe imigqa emigqeni emiseleni engu-50 cm, ububanzi obuyi-45 cm, kushiya ukuhlukaniswa komugqa kube yi-1.5 m ububanzi. zona.
Emasimini okusajingijolo, ukutshala kwenziwa ngemigqa emiseleni
Izithombo ezitholiwe amahora ama-2 ngaphambi kokutshala ahlanganiswe nezimpande emanzini, engeza isikhulisi sokukhula (iKornevin, Heteroauxin) kuso, kanye neFitosporin ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezimpande zokubola.
Inqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
- Ngaphansi komsele noma umgodi kumbozwe umhlaba okwesithathu nokuphakama maphakathi nendawo.
- Isiphuzo sibekwa nkqo emaphethelweni, sisakaza izimpande ngezindlela ezihlukile. Izithombo zezitsha zithathwa ngesandla ngenhlama yobumba.
Izithombo zejikijolo zidonswa emgodini futhi izimpande zisatshalaliswa kahle.
- Thela umhlaba entanjeni yezimpande, uwushiye uvulekile.
- Inhlabathi ihlanganiswe ukuze kungabikho zimpawu zomoya ezizungeza izimpande.
- I-5 l yamanzi ithululelwa ku-groove eyakhekile yokunisela.
Ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo kufanele ziniselwe
- Isitshalo esitshaliwe sinqunywa endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-30 ukusuka emhlabathini.
- Indawo yezimpande ihlanganiswe ngotshani, hay noma i-humus.
Inhlabathi ezungeze izithombo ifakwe umquba nge-humus
Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, ukuvikela izithombo emisebeni yelanga ekhanyayo, ziboshwe ngombala ngezinsuku zokuqala ezingama-2-3.
Ividiyo: ukutshala izithombo raspberry ekwindla
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo
Isizini yonke yokukhula raspberry idinga ukunakekelwa, futhi lapho isizini isiphelile, kubalulekile ukuyilungiselela ubusika.
Ukunisela nokukhulula
Izinhlobonhlobo ezingamelana nesomiso zibekezelela ukukhanya kwelanga nokuntuleka kwesikhashana kwesikhashana komswakama. Kepha amajikijolo ayoba amnandi kakhulu futhi abe mnandi uma eniselwa njalo. Kodwa-ke, okusajingijolo kufanele kuniselwe emthonjeni, ngoba ukufiphala komswakama enhlabathini kuholela ekuthambiseni okungekuhle, okungadala ukukhula kwezimpande ezibolile, iqhwa kwezitshalo ebusika ngisho nokufa kwazo.
Ngokuphuza okuvamile kwama-raspberries, amajikijolo azoba namanzi futhi amnandi.
Amabhasi aniselwa izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto ukuze amanzi agcwalise inhlabathi aze afike ku-30-40 cm cm - kungale ngxenye lapho isistimu yezimpande ye-raspberry itholakala. Imvelo - amalitha ayi-10 ngesitshalo ngasinye. Ehlobo elinethayo, ukuchelela kuyamiswa, futhi ekwindla, uma isimo sezulu sesomile, nakanjani bazokwenza ukuthambisa kwangaphambi kobusika, kwandise umthamo wamanzi ngamalitha angama-20 ngesihlahla ngasinye.
Ukuze uguqule ama-raspberries sebenzisa ukufafaza, ukunisela emiseleni kanye nokunisela ngokuchelela. I-Splinkling yenziwa kusetshenziswa i-hose noma isifafaza, kanti amanzi afafazwa enhlabathini nasezitshalweni. Lolu hlobo lokunisela lukuvumela ukuthi udale izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhula kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi eyomile. Kepha lapho amajikijolo avuthwa, ukufafaza akusetshenziswanga ukuze amajikijolo angabi ubisi.
Lapho ufafaza, hhayi kuphela inhlabathi eniselwe kahle, kodwa sonke isihlahla
Ngalesi sikhathi, kusetshenziselwa ukuchelela eduze kwama-grooves, ngaphandle kokuxhuma kwamanzi ngesithsaba. Izinhlobo zokunisela zenziwa ezinhlangothini zombili zomugqa, zisuka ezitshalweni ngamasentimitha angama-40, ziye ekujuleni kwamasentimitha ayi-10. Amanzi angena kuwo, kuthi ngemuva kokuthola umswakama, ambozwe ngomhlaba. Ukunisela kwama-grooves kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezindlini ezincane zasehlobo; emasimini amakhulu okusajingijolo, ukuchelela ngokudonsela amanzi kuyasebenza kakhulu. Uhlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi lwamateyiphu abekwe emigqeni yezitshalo lusebenza ngokuphelele futhi likuvumela ukuthi ugcine umswakama odingekayo womhlabathi.
Ngesikhathi sokunisela ngokudonsa, amanzi angena ezitshalweni ngamapayipi abekwe eceleni kwemigqa yezihlahla
Ngemuva kokuna kwemvula noma okunisela, indawo yezimpande iyathukululwa, ngaleyo ndlela kwenziwe ngcono ukutholakala kwamanzi nomoya. Ukuvuleka komkhawulo endaweni yezimpande yenziwa ekujuleni okungashona (hhayi ngaphezu kuka-7 cm), ukuzama ukungalimazi uhlelo lwezimpande olusendaweni ebheke phezulu, ngokujulile emigqeni phakathi kwemigqa, ngo-10 cm. Ngemuva kwalokho kubekwa ungqimba obukhulu be-mulch of hay, utshani, i-humus. I-mulching isiza ukugcina umswakama, ithuthukise ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ivikela izimpande ekushiseni ngokweqile ekushiseni kwehlobo kanye ne-hypothermia ebusika obubandayo.
Indawo yempande kufanele ihlanganiswe notshani noma okunye okuphathekayo
Kudingeka okondlayo
Ukondla ama-raspberries kuyisihluthulelo sokuthola amajikijolo amnandi, amakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuvuselela ukukhula okuphezulu kwezihlahla ezincane, ziphekelwa ngomanyolo we-nitrogen. I-Mullein ehlanganiswe emanzini (1: 10) noma eyezinkukhu zenkukhu (1: 20) isetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezihlahla (ezijwayelekile - 200 ml / isitshalo). Esikhundleni sezinto eziphilayo, ungasebenzisa urea (30 g m2), i-ammonium nitrate (40 g m2) Umanyolo owomile uhlakazeka ngasendaweni yezimpande futhi kufanele uniselwe. Ngemuva kokufakwa kwezakhi eziqukethe i-nitrogen ezandisa izinga le-acidity, inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla ifafazwa ngomlotha wokhuni (inkomishi e-1).
Umanyolo owomile uhlakazeka ezungeze izihlahla futhi kufanele uniselwe
Lapho amaqanda avela ama-raspberries adinga ukondliwa ngamanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium. Ingxube eyomile ye-potassium sulfate (30 g m2) nge-superphosphate (60 g), Berry (50 g m2) Noma feza ukunisela komanyolo ngokufakwa kweNgcono (30 ml 10 l) emanzini. Kuzohlinzeka ngokwanda kokukhiqiza kanye nokusetshenziswa kweBiohumus (60 ml 10 l) ngaphansi kwempande noma amahlamvu. I-Biofertilizer inyusa inani lezakhi zomzimba, futhi futhi isiza ukwandisa ama-microorganisms azuzisayo. Ukwenza ngcono ubusika izitshalo, ekugcineni kwesizini ziphekwe nge-superphosphate (60 g) nosawoti we-potassium (30 g m2), I-AgroProstom (800 g ngesihlahla ngasinye).
Isiko liyazwela ukuntuleka kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo, liphelelwe ukunambitheka kwalo okungokwemvelo nephunga. Ukukhula okubuthakathaka, ukuphuzi kwamaqabunga kungabangelwa yindlala ye-nitrogen. Ngokushoda kwensimbi, imithambo yepuleti leqabunga ihlala iluhlaza okotshani, kanti lonke iqabunga liyakhanya. Ukuguqulwa kanye nokusonteka kwamaqabunga, ukubukeka komphetho omnyama - uphawu lokuntuleka kwe-potassium. Ngokuntuleka kwe-phosphorus, ipuleti leshidi lithola i-brown noma i-purple hue.
Ukushoda kwe-nitrogen kungahlulelwa ngamaqabunga e-raspberry aphuzi
Ukondla ama-raspberry ngokufakwa imvubelo, okuyigqugquzeli yokukhula nomthombo wamagciwane adingekayo, kunika umphumela omuhle. Ngincibilikisa u-10 g we-eyomile noma engu-500 g yemvubelo entsha ku-10 l wamanzi afudumele, engeza u-5 tbsp. wezipuni ushukela besegcizelela amahora 2. Ngemuva kwalokho ngifaka imvubelo ngamanzi ayi-1: 5 bese ngifaka umlotha omningi. Kabili phakathi nenkathi yesizini - ngoMeyi nehlobo, lapho kwakhiwa amaqanda esimweni sezulu esifudumele ngemuva kokuthambisa indawo yezimpande, ngithela isithako se-500 ml yesisombululo sezakhi zomzimba ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
Umanyolo owenziwe kumvubelo uvuselela ukukhula kwamahlumela we-raspberry
Njengokuphakelwa kwezinto eziphilayo, izakhamizi zasehlobo zisebenzisa amakhambi amakhambi: i-infusions ye-nettle, i-anyanisi ikhasi, izikhumba zebhanana. Uketshezi lwezakhamzimba, oluhlotshiswe ngo-1: 10 ngamanzi, lufakwa ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezi-raspberry kanye ngenyanga.
Ividiyo: yini ebalulekile ukuyenzela ama-raspberries entwasahlobo
Ukusekelwa kwama-berry bush
Amagatsha aluhlaza aqwebezelwe phezulu komthwalo wesilimo angalala phansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, amajikijolo, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esishisayo, eba manzi nokubola. Amagagasi omoya aqinile angawephula ngokuphelele amahlumela amasha angenamandla. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abanolwazi bathanda ukutshala ama-raspberries besebenzisa ukusekelwa, okusiza kakhulu ukunakekelwa. Izindlela eziningana ze-garter zisetshenzisiwe - isigxobo, fan and trellis. Isihlahla esisodwa simane sitshelwe isikhonkwane, esidonswa ngaphakathi sisuka ohlangothini. Ngokufika komugqa, kulula kakhulu ukuxhaswa kwe-trellis yamakholomu ambalwa afakwe emugqeni ibanga le-3-5 m ukusuka komunye nomunye. Balungisa i-twine noma i-wire ukuphakama okungama-50 cm ukusuka emhlabathini kanye no-1 m 20 cm bese bebopha amahlumela kubo endaweni ethambekele.
Ukusekelwa kwe-trellis ngezihlahla ezi-raspberry kwakhiwa kusuka ezinsikeni zokusekela kanye nemigqa eminingana yocingo
Nge-fan garter, ukusekelwa kufakwa kuzinhlangothi zombili zesihlahla. Amabhasi amabili asondelene aboshwe esigxotsheni ngasinye ezindaweni eziphakeme ezahlukene: ingxenye yamagatsha kwelinye nengxenye yolunye.
Ngokubeka ngezikhonkwane zombili izinhlangothi zesitshalo, ungakha isihlahla ngesimo fan
Isipiliyoni sokukhula kwama-raspberries esiteshini sezithelo nezithelo zaseMoscow sibonisa ukuthi indlela ye-trellis isebenza kahle kakhulu: isivuno siphakeme ngo-25%, usayizi wamajikijolo unyuka ngo-4%. Amabhasi abekwe ku-trellis afudunyezwa yilanga ngokwanele futhi angena umoya, kulula ukusondela kuwo uvune.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Bush
Ukuthenwa kwesihlahla okufanelekile nangesikhathi kufaka isandla ekukhiqizweni okuhle. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho nje iqhwa lincibilika, amagatsha aqandisiwe ngokuphelele ayasuswa noma izingxenye zeqhwa zamagatsha ziyanqunywa futhi zichithe izindawo zokusika ngomlotha. Amahlumela ayi-5 asele esihlahleni, amanye alahlwa. Amagatsha awaphuli, kepha asikwa nge-secateurs ebukhali.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho ekuqaleni kwesizini kufanele babambe izingcezu zamagatsha amasha, bawenze banciphise ngamasentimitha angama-15. Ngenxa yalokho, isilinganiso sokukhula kwamahlumela sincipha kancane, izakhi zomzimba zingena kuma-buds, zivuselela ukukhula kwamahlumela akamuva nokwakhiwa kwamaqanda.
Eziqongweni zamagatsha amasha ama-raspberries anciza ukukhulisa amaqanda
Ngemuva kokukha amajikijolo, kugawulwa amagatsha athela izithelo. Zinqunywa phansi impela, ngoba izinambuzane zingahlala ngaphansi kwamagxolo ubusika. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwenziwa okujwayelekile kwamahlumela waminyaka yonke kwenziwa, kususwa kubuthakathaka, kuphukile ukuze ama-berry angachithi kuwo izakhamzimba nomswakama. Zonke izinkuni ezigawuliwe ziyasuswa endaweni bese zishiswa.
Ama-raspberries wokuthena ayenziwa nge-secateurs ebukhali, asusa amahlumela amaningi
Ividiyo: usika kanjani ama-raspberries (imiyalo ye- "dummies")
Ukusakazwa okusajingijolo
Amajikijolo asakazwa ngembewu nangokushunqisa imifino. Indlela yembewu ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa: iyabulala impela futhi ayiqinisekisi ukulondolozwa kwezinhlamvu ezihlukile.
Kulula kakhulu ukuzalanisa izinhlobo zakho ozithandayo ngamahlumela noma ukusikwa. Izingane eziyizimpande zimba kanye nesixha somhlaba bese zidluliselwa endaweni entsha. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngesimo sezulu esinamafu noma esina imvula ukuze ilanga elikhanyayo lingashisi amahlumela amancane. Izinga lokusinda kwinzalo licishe libe yi-100%.
Izimpande eziyizimpande zigawulwe kusuka empandeni futhi zitshale engadini
Kulula ukusakaza ama-raspberries kanye nezisiki zezimpande. Ekwindla, izingcezu ze-rhizome 15 cm ubude zitshalwa engadini, ngemuva kokunisela kanye nokufakwa emanzini mulched, zimbozwe ngamagatsha fir futhi kwesokunxele ebusika. Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwentwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, le ndawo iyakhululwa emagatsheni e-spruce futhi imbozwe ngefilimu yepulasitiki. Ngokuqala kwamahlumela, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa futhi inakekelwe, njengokuthi okusajingijolo okuvamile, kuchitha amanzi nomanyolo ngamanani amancane. Ekupheleni kwesizini, izimpande ezisikiwe zitshalwa zingene emiseleni elungiselelwe. Izinga lokusinda kuleli cala lifinyelela ku-80%.
Izimpande ezisikiwe zingama-15 cm ubude zigcinwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa kuze kube kuvela amahlumela
Lapho kuxhunyelelwa, asetshenziswa wokusika okuluhlaza noma okufakwe lignified. Ama-cutways aluhlaza avunwa ngoJuni kusuka amahlumela waminyaka yonke, awasika abe yizicucu ezinamasentimitha ayi-5. I-oblique cut cut ecwilisiwe egxilile amahora ama-2 kwisisombululo esine-biostimulator Kornevin. Ngemuva kwalokho atshalwe kwisithombo sembewu nge-angle engama-degrees angama-45 bese kuthi kwakhiwa imbaza lokugcina ukushisa lesikhashana ukudala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa. Ngokuphuza okujwayelekile kanye nomoya omncane, ukhula lwen midzi kwenzeka emavikini ama-2. Izikhathi ezintathu amahlumela amasha ayadliwa, aniselwe. Ekwindla, dlulisela endaweni unomphela.
Izithombo ezisikiwe ezinezimpande zitshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo ekwindla
Izilimo ezinemibala zisikwa ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi futhi zigcinwe esendlini engaphansi inkuni emanzi. Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokusungulwa kwesimo sezulu esifudumele, batshalwe endaweni evulekile, embozwe ifilimu bese beyanakekelwa, njengezihlahla eziluhlaza eziluhlaza.
Ungawavikela kanjani ama-raspberries ku-frost
Ama-raspberry amelana nokuqothuka ubusika Shiny ubusika kahle ezimweni zezulu zezwekazi nezishisayo, amahlumela amancane awaba yiqhwa. Ngesembozo seqhwa esiphakeme, izinhlobonhlobo zimelana neqhwa liye ku-34mayelanaNge nangaphezulu. Izihlakala zemvelo azivamile kakhulu ebusika obunzima beqhwa. Ngakho-ke, ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima, kwanele emva kokuthena ikwindla ukufeza ukuchelela amanzi nokushaja kanye nokufakwa kwezindebe endaweni ezimpande.
Ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima, kwanele ukugcoba inhlabathi, bese ubopha izihlahla ugobe ukuze umoya onamandla ungalimazi amagatsha
Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, kuzodingeka ukuthi ubophe amahlumela abe ngama-bunches bese uwanyathela emhlabathini ukuze emakhazeni embozwe ngokuphelele yiqhwa. Ngokufakelwa okungeziwe, ungafafaza amagatsha ngesendlaleloenhlabathi esincane (5-10 cm) noma ukumboza nge-agrofiber. Amahlumela embozwe ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe hhayi ngaphambi kwesonto ngaphambi kwamaqandeni, ukuze kugwemeke ukuguga. Ebusika, kuyadingeka ukuphonsa iqhwa emahlathini ama-berry - ngaphansi kwejazi leqhwa bazothwala kalula umoya obandayo nowubhobozayo. Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuncipha kweqhwa, amahlumela ayakhululwa endaweni yokukhosela futhi aboshwe nge-trellis.
Amabhabha okusajingijolo ahlanganiswe izikhwebu, agobeke phansi emhlabathini futhi ambozwe ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe
Ividiyo: ungasiza kanjani ama-raspberries ebusika ngempumelelo
Ukuvikelwa kwezifo
Akunandaba ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwe-Shiny kumelana kangakanani nama-ejenti athelelekayo kanye nezilokazane, izici ezingezinhle zezemvelo zingaholela ekuqubukeni kwezifo kanye nokuqothuka kwezinambuzane zezinambuzane eziluhlaza kuma-raspberries. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sonyaka kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwelashwa kokuvinjwa kwezihlahla.
Ithebula: Izifo ezijwayelekile ze-raspberry
| Isifo | Izimpawu | Ukuvimbela | Ukwelashwa |
| Anthracnose | On amahlumela amasha kanye namaqabunga, amabala amancane onsomi avela kuqala, okuthi, ngokukhula, athole umbala ompunga ngokugquma onsomi. Amagxolo ambozwe izilonda, ukuqhekeka. Amajikijolo ajika abe nsundu futhi omile. Lesi sifo sivame ukuthinta izihlahla ezinganakwa, ikakhulukazi ezitshalwe ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Ukuthuthuka okukhulu kwalesi sifo kufaka isandla ekulahlekelweni kwemali enkulu yemvula. |
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| Ukubola okumpunga | Isimo sezulu esibandayo ehlobo elinemvula singadala ukukhula kompunga. Izimbali ziba nsundu, amaqanda aqothuleke, amajikijolo ambozwe ngenhlanganisela empunga. |
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| I-Powdery hlobo | I-Powdery mildew isakazeka esimweni sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama. Amaqabunga ambozwe ngokuhlanganiswa okumhlophe, izihloko zamahlumela azonakalisiwe, ziyeke ukukhula. Izithelo kanye ukuthengiswa kwamajikijolo kuyancishiswa. |
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Igalari Yezithombe: Izimpawu Zesifo Sama-raspberry
- Nge-anthracnose, amagxolo asezimpondweni ambozwe izilonda nokuqhekeka
- Ehlathini ethintekile ngokubola okungwevu, ama-ovaries ayoma, amajikijolo ambozwe ngenhlanganisela empunga
- I-Powdery Mildew Sign - I-Whitish Plaque kumahlamvu
Ithebula: Izilokazane eziyizipele eziyinhloko
| Izinambuzane | Izimpawu | Ukuvimbela | Izinyathelo |
| Isiphuzo sethawula | Ama-pest hibernates ngamaqabunga awile namagatsha amadala ama-raspberries, asebenze ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, alimaza ama-buds angakakhiwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhula kwamahlumela kunciphisa, inani lezitshalo liyancipha. |
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| Ama-aphid | Intwasahlobo efudumele ngaphandle kwezulu inomthelela ekuqokeleleni kwenqwaba yama-aphid ezitshalweni, incela amaswidi kusuka emaqabungeni amancane nakumahlumela futhi ibangele ukufiphala. Izimbali zomile, amaqanda esithelo awakhuli. |
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| Okusajingijolo kanye sitrobheli weevil | Ukuba khona kwenkathazo ku-raspberry kungatholwa yizimbobo ezincane emaqabungeni namahlumela awo awile. Abantu abadala badla ngamahlamvu aluhlaza aluhlaza bese bazalela amaqanda ngaphakathi efihlelweni. Ama-buds owomile ayawa, i-fruiting iyawa. Ngokuhlaselwa kwesisindo esiningi, ama-weevil angalahlekelwa aze afike ku-90% wesilimo. |
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Igalari Yezithombe: Ama-raspberry Plies
- I-raspberry Moth - uvemvane oluyingozi olugcina amaqanda emacaleni okusajingijolo
- Imigqa ephelele ye-aphid ibambelela emaqabungeni e-raspberry kanye namahlumela, imunca ujusi onempilo kuwo
- Ama-raspberry-sitrobheli esidla okusajusiwe ngoshukela
Izitha zayo zemvelo - izinambuzane ezihlaselayo: izimpukane, izimpukane eziyizipoki, ama-ladybugs azosiza ukubhekana nama-aphid. Ukutshala ama-marigold, iminti, izindunduma nezilimo zeziqholo engadini kufaka isandla ekwandeni kwamanani awo. Amaviki amathathu, i-ladybug ngayinye idla kusuka kuma-aphid ayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyi-10 nezinye izinambuzane.
Ama-Ladybugs ayizitha zemvelo zama-aphid, abangela ukulimala okukhulu kuma-raspberries
Ukubuyekezwa Kwabalimi
ISIVIVINYO. Amahlumela anezeluleko ezithambekele, nokunwebeka, ngaphandle kwama-spikes ezingxenyeni ezingenhla neziphakathi ihlumela. Amandla okukhiqiza ukudubula aphakathi. Amaqabunga wamandla aphakathi, oluhlaza obumnyama, ocwebezelayo. Ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile. Kuvuthwa ngo-Agasti. Kuvunwe kumasende angama-5 ÷ 6, ama-74 ÷ 126ts / ha. Izinhlobonhlobo zinokuzala okuphezulu nokuzala. Ukumelana nobusika kakhulu. Izicubu zokudutshulwa ezonakaliswe ngesikhathi sasebusika zibuyiselwa kalula, zilwa nokuguga kanyeokomiswa komzimba. Ukubekezelela isomiso ngesizotha. Ukumelana nomiyane okusajingijolo, ezinye izinambuzane, izifo. Ayidingi zinambuzane. Amajikijolo lapho esevuthwe ngokugcwele awumbumbi. Amajikijolo makhulu (ngokwesilinganiso isisindo esingu-2.6 g), obukhulu, ukunambitheka okuhle. Ukunambitha amaphuzu 4.6 amaphuzu, injongo yendawo yonke. I-compote eyingqayizivele emnandi ejwayelekile yamajikijolo e-Shiny.
lkreklina//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1274
Amajikijolo makhulu (aze afike ku-7.2 g) ngombala we-ruby onendawo ecwebezelayo. Ukunambitheka kuhle. Ukunambitha amaphuzu 4.0-4.1 amaphuzu. Kuvunwe kusuka eshumini sokuqala sika-Agasti kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Ukuvuna (2,5- kg kg esihlahleni ngasinye). Amajikijolo makhulu, anobukhulu-munye, awavuthi. Ukunambitheka kakhulu, kukhulu futhi kunoshukela.
UMarina Pravdinagreenforum.com.ua ›kungobo yomlando / index.php / t-3305.html
Okusajingijolo yisitshalo esinempilo kakhulu. Ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo akunakulibaleki, futhi nezithelo ziphilile. Ungenza itiye ngamahlamvu alesi sihlahla. Esitolo bathatha okusajingijolo okusajingijolo okusajingijolo. Phambilini, ama-raspberries walezi zinhlobonhlobo athathwa, futhi aqala kahle, kepha izithombo zazingamaRussia. Kulokhu, i-Belarus. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi abantu baseBelarusi manje banezimpahla eziningi ezivela e-EU futhi bathuthela ezweni lethu emfudlaneni ongapheli. Ngakho-ke, kusesekuseni kakhulu ukukhuluma ngekhwalithi yalesi sitshalo. Isithombo sigcwele phama. Emuva kunesimilo sezimpahla. Umenzi kuphela ongakhohlwa ukusho ukuthi ungatshala kanjani izitshalo ezinjalo. Zicwilisa ngaphambi kokutshala emanzini imizuzu eyi-10-15. Naphezu kwamaqabunga aluhlaza, izimpande zidotshwe ngokweqile. Bona, ngokusobala, bebenga manzi kusukela e-EU uqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlaba womile kangangokuba inhlabathi ivimbela amanzi (kungathi yi-peat esele iselangeni iminyaka ethile).
SergeyBo//irecommend.ru/content/belorusskii-sazhenets-yavno-ustupaet-rossiiskomu
Okusajingijolo Brilliant - ukutholwa kwangempela kwabalimi ezifuywayo. Akesabi noma kubanda amakhaza ebusika, isithwathwa sokubuya kwentwasahlobo, isomiso sasehlobo noma izimvula ezinkulu. Akavamile ukugula, amelana nezilokazane. Kepha isivuno esivulekile samajikijolo anamakha angalindeleka kuphela lapho sikhula isivuno ezweni elivundile nangokunakekelwa okufanele.
