Ngesikhathi ukhethwa utamatisi ngezimboni zesikhathi esizayo, abalimi balinake kakhulu ukunambitha kanye nezici zekhwalithi. Ngenxa yokusebenza kanzima kwabalimi namuhla, izinhlobo eziningi zezotamatisi zakhiwe ezihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zabalimi. Phakathi kwazo zonke lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, utamatisi we-cherry ziphawuleka ngokukhethekile, futhi naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuncane bakwazi ukuwuthola ukuqashelwa kwabalimi ababili abanolwazi kanye nabalimi be-novice.
Utamatisi we Cherry: incazelo emfushane kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezifanele ze-greenhouse
Utamatisi we-Cherry kuthathwa njengento encane, ngoba isisindo samatamatisi singama-gramu angu-15-20 kuphela. Utamatisi we-cherry unomthelela owodwa omkhulu kusuka kwamanye utamatisi - okuphakanyisiwe (cishe izikhathi ezingu-2 ngaphezulu) okuqukethwe ushukela nezomsoco owomile. Zonke zichitheka endaweni ye-juice extracellular. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabalingani abakhulu, ukunambitheka kwe-cherry utamatisi kumnandi futhi kunamandla kakhulu.
Ngenxa yesimiso saso esijulile, utamatisi we-cherry angakhula kalula ekhaya ekuvoloneni noma efesiteleni, kanye nasezikhungweni ezivamile zezimbali (leqiniso livame ukukhonjiswa ngencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo). Lezi tamatisi azikhulumi ngomunye, kodwa ngamaqoqo aphelele, okusiza kakhulu ukuvuna. Banobude obude obunzima lapho bekungabikho ukuwohloka noma ukuqhuma.
Uyazi? Igama elithi "cherry" lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi ngenxa yokufaniswa kwayo kwangaphandle nama-berries we-cherry.
Utamatisi we-Cherry uye wachaza izindawo zokudla. Baqinisa uhlelo lwe-cardiovascular system, balinganise indlela yokuguqula umzimba futhi bayasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela umdlavuza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi omkhulu wokukhetha uye wabangela iqiniso lokuthi ezinye utamatisi zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zinenambitheka engavamile kubo. Ngakho, cherry sweetest anganika ukunambitheka ama-strawberry, raspberries, nutmeg kanye blueberries.
Ukuze ukhulele ku-greenhouse efanelekayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry utamatisi. Phakathi kwe Izinhlobo ezincane zingabonakala:
- "Ampel" - ezihlukahlukene zokuhlobisa ezidumile ngokumelene nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
- F1 "Ukudla" - kuyinhlobo yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-hybrid. Uthola izithelo ezincane, elliptical zombala obomvu.
- I-F1 "Isi-Punto-7" - i-hybrid yase-ultra yokuqala yasebhanini enezithelo ezibomvu ezikhanyayo;
- "Pink Cherry" - enhle kakhulu enhlabathini evikelwe;
- "Cherry omnyama." Isici sayo esiyinhloko yi-utamatisi omncane we-hue emangalisayo, emnyama;
- I-F1 "I-Magic encane". Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-tomate zikhule zinezimpumelelo ezinkulu kokubili ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nasensimini;
- "Dessert". Okwamanje, enye yezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu ezitshalwe ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Izithelo zinomuthi obomvu obhekiwe;
- I-F1 i-Yellow-Mimi iyi-hybrid ephuzi ephuzi ekhulile ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo;
- I-F1 "Madeira" ne-F1 "Caprice" - ama-hybrid anezinhlobo zokushisa eziphakathi nonyaka.
Imvubelo kanye ne-boric acid ingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokugqoka phezulu utamatisi, okunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka okufiphele isikhathi eside.
Izimo zokushisa
Inqubo yokutshala utamatisi ku-cherry cherry ayiyona inkimbinkimbi kakhulu, into esemqoka - ukugcinwa kwemithetho ethile, okuzoxoxwa ngezansi. Uma uhlomisa i-greenhouse ngokushisa, khona-ke kuyokwenzeka ukuvuna utamatisi we-cherry unyaka wonke. Izinto ezivela kulolu hlobo lokushisa olunjalo yi-polycarbonate noma ingilazi.
Abalimi abaningi baye bazuza impumelelo enkulu kulokhu futhi baphendulela ukutshala utamatisi we-cherry endaweni yokushisa ibe ibhizinisi eligcwele, okwenza inzuzo enhle.
Umswakama womoya nokushisa
Ukuze utamatisi we-cherry, izinga lokushisa lokushisa lomoya elingu-greenhouse liyi + 20 ... +25 ° C phakathi nosuku futhi + 16 ... +18 ° C - ebusuku. Ngemuva kokuthi izithelo ziqale ukuthulula, izinga lokushisa lokushisa kufanele liguquke phakathi kuka-24 ... +26 ° C phakathi nosuku no-17 ... i-+18 ° C ebusuku.
Utamatisi we Cherry, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zokushisa, badinga umoya omswakama ngokwanele, ngakho izinga lokumswakama kufanele libe ngu-60-65%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlu lwezinyathelo ezidingekayo zokunakekelwa utamatisi kubamba lokushisa luhlanganisa ukuqhuma njalo ekamelweni. Le nqubo ibaluleke ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
Kulesi sikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kootamatisi ezindongeni zokushisa kunoma yikuphi okwenzekayo akumele kube khona ukuhlenga. Futhi khumbula ukuthi umswakama owenziwe ngokweqile lomhlabathi uyokwandisa i-asidi kanye nokunwa kwamanzi we-tomato.
Uyazi? 1973 kubhekwa njengonyaka wokuzalwa "kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry. Kwakuyilo nyaka ukuthi abalimi base-Israyeli balethe lokhu okuhlukahlukene okungajwayelekile kumphakathi jikelele.
Ukukhanyisa ukushisa
Ukukhanyisa, kanye nomswakama nokushisa, kungenye yezimiso eziyisisekelo zamatamatisi abamba ukushisa. Izinhlobo ze-cherry zidinga ukukhanyisa okuhle, ngakho-ke lapho ukhetha indawo yokwakhiwa kwesibamba sokushisa, kuzomele uthathe lokhu kulandisa.
Uma ukukhanyisa kubuthakathaka ngokwanele, khona-ke kuzodingeka uhlanye izihlahla ezikude kakhulu komunye nomunye ukuze ugweme ukuthunjwa. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nenani elincane lehlathini kuzodingeka uthathe indawo enkulu yokushisa.
Ukunakekelwa okufaneleko utamatisi we-cherry akunakucabangi ngaphandle kokuhlela ukukhanyisa okuhle, ngoba ngokuntuleka kokukhanya ukuthuthukiswa kootamatisi kuzophuza, amaqabunga awo azophenduka, ama-stems azokwelula, futhi amaqabunga azophela ngokuphelele.
Ukugqugquzela ukukhula kahle kwetamatisi ezimweni zokushisa, ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo kuhlonyelwe, okumele kube kuseduze kakhulu nezici zayo zemvelo.
Ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo utamatisi we-cherry kuqukethe izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko:
- I-stand - design, elungiselwe ezihlahleni zokukhanyisa izibani.
- I-ballast kagesi - isakhi esilawula okwamanje kwamandla aphansi.
- Izibani.
- Ukuzindla - ipuleti eyenza ukwanda kokukhanya okukhiqizwa utamatisi. Futhi ilawula izinga lokushisa okukhishwe izibani.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Utamatisi wama Cherry, ukutshala kwawo nokunakekelwa kwabo kwenziwa kuphela enhlabathini entsha. Ngonyaka odlule awufanelekile lokhu. Ukuze unciphise amathuba okuthuthukisa izifo ezihlukahlukene, kanye nokwandisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi nokuthuthukisa isakhiwo salo, kubalulekile ukufaka i-peat kuso. Ngokujwayelekile, kwanele ukwengeza ibhakede elilodwa le-peat kumitha eyodwa yesikwele somhlabathi. Uma kunesidingo, i-peat ingafakwa esikhundleni se-sawdust noma i-humus.
Amathiphu ukulungiselela inhlabathi:
- Uma usebenzisa i-humus, kuzomele ususe wonke udoti kuwo (izinsalela ezingasetshenzisiwe, njll);
- Ungasebenzisa ama-sawdust amasha, kanye nonyaka, asevele aqala ukubola;
- Ukuze unikeze i-aeration engcono futhi ukwandise ukungena kwenhlabathi, ungangeza isigamu ibhakede leshlabathi ngomitha wendawo ngayinye yomhlabathi.
Ukutshala utamatisi we-cherry endaweni yokushisa
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala utamatisi omncane we-cherry akufani neze nokutshala utamatisi ojwayelekile. Kungenziwa, kanye nokutshala, futhi ngqo endaweni evulekile. Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala buhlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana.
Okokuqala udinga ukulungisa umhlabathi. Isandulela futhi iphathwe ngezidakamizwa ze-EM (amalungiselelo aqukethe ama-microorganisms asebenzayo). Okuthandwa kakhulu yiyona ndlela "Baikal". Ukubonakala kwamahlumela okuqala kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-5-10 emva kokutshala.
Kubalulekile! Ngayo yonke imithetho yokutshala, isivuno esikhulu se-cherry utamatisi sisekuqaleni kweminyaka emibili.
Isikhathi sokutshala nokulungiselela imbewu
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala utamatisi ebamba lokushisa sekuphela kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Uma ukhetha imbewu yezinhlobo ze-hybrid ukulima endaweni yokugcina izithombo, ungakwazi ukugwema ukucubungula kwabo kokuqala. Imbewu enjalo ngokushesha ihlala phansi. Uma wakhetha izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ze-cherry, khona-ke imbewu kufanele ilungiselele ukutshala okulandelayo. Ngalokhu udinga:
- Hlunga zonke imbewu zibe isikhwama esincane sempahla enhle yemvelo, bese usulalisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhwama sishiywa imizuzu engu-15 kwisisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate.
- Hlanza imbewu kahle emanzini ahlanzekile.
- Shintsha isisombululo sezakhi zonke izinto zokutshala. Ukulungisa ikhambi, udinga ukuthatha ilitha lamanzi bese ufaka isipuni sokhuni lomuthi. Ukushisa kwesisombululo akufanele kuwele ngezansi + 25 ° C. Isikhathi sokuhlala sembewu kule nkinga ngamahora angu-12, emva kwalokho ungaqhubeka nesigaba esilandelayo.
- Amahora angu-24, faka isikhwama sembewu esitsheni ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
- Dry imbewu, bese uwabeka esiqandisini, lapho bazohlala khona ukutshala.
Indlela yokutshala utamatisi
Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle samathe utamatisi, ukutshala kwawo, nokuhlwanyela ngokukhethekile, kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho elula. Ukuhlwanyela kuqala ngeqiniso lokuthi izindawo ezincane zenziwe emhlabathini, ingxenye eyodwa nengxenye ejulile.
Imbewu ingcono kakhulu itshalwe ngendlela ehlukanisiwe, ibanga lamamitha angu-50-60 phakathi kwezitshalo. Ukubekwa okungavamile noma okuvamile kakhulu kungaholela ekunciphiseni okubonakalayo ekuvuneni. Ngemuva kwalokhu, izimbobo zidinga ukuthunjwa ngomhlabathi nokuwahambisa. Ukuze ugweme ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ungasebenzisa i-spray.
Ukukhula okusheshayo kwembewu kuzofaka isandla ekushiseni kuka-26 ... +27 ° C nokukhanya okungenani amahora ayishumi ngosuku. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukuwahambisa ngokucophelela inhlabathi futhi uma nje uqala ukuma. Lokhu kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-20-25, kuze kuvele amaqabunga eqiniso.
Ukunakekelwa kokushisa
Kwabalimi abamabonakude, umbuzo wokuthi unakekele kanjani utamatisi we-cherry unzima kakhulu. Ukunakekela utamatisi kuqala nenhlangano yokunisela okufanele.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo azibekezeleli isomiso, ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokungabikho komswakama okwesikhathi eside, izithelo zizoqala ukuphazamiseka nokuwohloka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izitshalo zidinga ukuphuziswa nsuku zonke. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyadingeka ukuqapha izinga lokuswakama, ngoba ngenxa yokunyuka kwalo, amahlumela kancane kancane aqala ukubola.
I-Cherry nayo idinga ukuboshwa, ngoba ngenxa yokuvuthwa kwayo, utamatisi okhulayo egatsheni ungawuqeda futhi uwele emhlabathini.
Uyazi? Isisindo samatamatisi amancane kakhulu asidluli ama-gramu ayi-10.
Okuphawulekayo kokunakekela imbewu ehlwanyelweyo
Ukunakekela imbewu okuhlwanyelwe kuhlanganisa:
- Ukuphuzisa umhlabathi ngamanzi afudumele ngokushesha emva kokutshala imbewu (inqubo elula ezokwenza kube nokuhluma okungcono).
- Izitshalo zokuqothula emva kokufinyelela ku-5-6 amasentimitha ukuphakama. Uma kungenjalo yonke imbewu ivukile, inqubo kufanele ihlehliswe.
- Ukukhishwa njalo kwenhlabathi, ukufinyelela emoyeni kwimbewu.
- Ukwengezwa ngezikhathi ngezikhathi ezinomanyolo obunzima obunamaminerali (obanjwe kanye ngesonto).
Indlela yokunakekela izithombo
Embuzweni othi "Ungakhula kanjani futhi unakekele utamatisi we-cherry ngemuva kokutshala?", Ukugxila okuyinhloko kufanele kube ekutheni ukulawula nokushisa. Ukuqapha okukhethekile kufanele kuhokhwe kulokhu phakathi kwamasonto amathathu okuqala ngemva kokuvela. Amazinga okushisa emini kufanele abe + 16 ... + 18 ° C, futhi ebusuku kufanele kube + 13 ... +15 ° C. Ukunakekelwa okunjalo kufanele kuqhutshwe kuze kube yiqabunga lesibili elivela kuhlumela.
Ukuze kuvikelwe futhi ukwelashwa kwezifo zika utamatisi, sebenzisa i-fungicides: Abiga-Pik, Fundazol, uTito, Fitosporin-M, Quadris, Skor, Alirin-B, Strobe.
Ukunisela izithombo zika utamatisi we-cherry kumele kube ngaphansi kwempande ngamanzi afudumele, izinga lokushisa okufanele libe yi-+20 ° C. Futhi, izitshalo kufanele zithole inani elanele lokukhanya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kudingekile ukuqhuba ukuqhuma njalo kwe-greenhouse.
Ukuze sikhule isihlahla esinamandla sama-cherry cherry, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo "Iminwe", kubalulekile ukusika ingxenye engaphezulu yesitshalo. Ngemuva kokuba amahlumela avele avela emaqenjini angaphansi asemagqabini, uzodinga ukushiya kuphela ama-top, bese ususa abaphansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sitshalo sizokwakha amahlumela ama-2, okungahlanganiswa ne-trellis.
Imithetho yokunakekelwa utamatisi omdala
Ukunakekela utamatisi ovuthiwe kuncishiswe izinqubo ezilandelayo:
- Ngemva kokuthuthukiswa kweqabunga lesihlanu eliyiqiniso, utamatisi we-cherry adluliselwa kwimodi entsha yokunisela. Manje inhlabathi iswakanyiswe 3-4 izikhathi ngesonto. Into esemqoka - ukuqapha okujwayelekile kwe-balance balance.
- Njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-10-12 udinga ukondla utamatisi, ukushintshanisa amaminerali kanye nama-organic fertilizer. Ungadluli nje, ngoba umthamo omkhulu wezakhi zomhlabathi ungabangela ukukhula okusheshayo kobumnyama obuhlaza, okuzovimbela ukwakheka kwezithelo ezintsha.
- Njengoba inhlabathi ihamba ngaphansi kwesitshalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kancane kancane uthule ungqimba lwe-substrate entsha.
- Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-pollinisation engcono, kuyadingeka ukuthi ugubungele izitshalo zezimbali izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto.
Ngokwehlukana kuyadingeka ukuthi usho nge-pinning yamatamatisi e-cherry. Izihlahla ezide zidinga ukubunjwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uhlukane nabantwana bokutholwa, ushiye kuphela isitshalo samamentimitha angu-1.5 kuya phezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhula kwamahlumela asemqoka kuzothuthukiswa futhi isivuno esiphezulu sesihlahla sizokhula.
Ngemuva kokuba isitshalo senze ingxenye enkulu yama-ovari, kufanele uqede phezulu kwe-stem oyinhloko bese uqeda ukubhubhisa. Ukugcina ngokufanele kuyobangela ukuvuthwa okusheshayo kwezithelo. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo wendlela utamatisi we-strawberry cherry angabhekwa njengokuvaliwe.
Ingabe utamatisi uncike ezinambuzane nasezifweni kulesi sishisa?
Izinambuzane nezifo kubangela izinkinga eziningi ekutshalweni kokushisa kwetamatisi. Kanye nezinambuzane ezinambuzane, ama-microorganisms ahlukene - ama-pathogens abangela ukulimala okukhulu utamatisi. Ngokusho kweklasi, zonke izifo ze-cherry ze-cherry zingahlukaniswa zibe yi-fungal, viral and bacterial.
Izinambuzane ezinambuzane, kanye nezinhlamvu ze-fungi namabhaktheriya, zihlala ezakhiweni zokushisa okushisa, emhlabathini kanye nasezintweni ezomile zezitshalo. Ukuvimbela ukuvela nokusabalala kwezinambuzane nezifo, isisindo sezinyathelo ezilandelayo sisetshenziswa:
- Utamatisi we-cherry azitshalwe eduze namazambane.
- Esikhathini sokushisa ungakhula izinhlobo eziningana zezamatamatisi.
- Lapho usebenza nezitshalo endaweni yokushisa, kufanele kulandelwe izinyathelo ezilula zokuhlanzeka: ukugeza ngesandla njalo ngesepha, ukuphatha amathuluzi (amafosholo, ama-hoses, amafosholo, njll).
Kubalulekile! Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvela kwezifo ezihlukahlukene, izithombo zamatamatisi amade ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala zidinga ukuphathwa ngezidakamizwa "Hom".
Ukuvuna
Utamatisi uvunwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuthwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, banalo ukunambitheka okungcono kakhulu. Utamatisi we-Cherry kulula ukuqoqa amabhulashi aphelele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bawacwebe ngokucophelela, bese bevela ngamunye ngamunye kusuka ebhulashi ngokwayo.
Ungathatha futhi utamatisi oluhlaza, okubekwe eceleni ebhokisini lekhadibhodi. Isendlalelo ngasinye sivaliwe ngephephandaba elivamile, emva kwalokho ibhokisi lifakwa endaweni emnyama lapho kutholakala utamatisi.
Kubalulekile! Ebhokisini, utamatisi uvuthwa kakhulu kunombhede.
Utamatisi we-cherry yikhethelo elihle kakhulu kubantu balimi abaqalayo kanye nabalimi abanolwazi. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo kanye nokunambitheka kwazo ngeke zishiye noma ubani ongathandanga. Zama ukwandisa lawa utamatisi kusayithi lakho, futhi ngokuqinisekile uyokwaneliswa umphumela.
