Abalimi abaningi babhekene nenkinga lapho behlwanyela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ngokusebenzisa isipiliyoni esidala, futhi ekugcineni isitshalo sishiya kakhulu. Futhi lokhu akuyona inkinga yekhalenda yenyanga noma amakhono okutshala, kodwa umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo futhi, njengokubusa, kokuhluka kwesimo sezulu. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuthi singatshala kanjani utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile, xoxani isikhathi sokutshala izinhlobo zokuvuthwa kokuqala, futhi thola ukuthi ukuqoqa izithombo kungathinta isivuno.
Izimo zokutshala utamatisi ezidinga utamatisi ngokuvuna okucebile
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi okuhlukahlukene, ukushisa noma ukuphakama kwesihlahla, utamatisi udinga izimo ezithile ezikhulayo, lapho ukuphikisana nezinambuzane nezifo, kanye nomkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yesithelo kuxhomeke.
Ake siqale ngokushisa. Ukuze utamatisi ukhule kahle futhi ngokushesha uthole ubukhulu obuluhlaza, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-16-20 ° C liyadingeka. Ukuthuthukiswa okufanele kwe-fetus kudinga ukushisa kwe-15 kuya ku-35 ° C.
Ukukhanya Ukukhanyisa kunendima ebalulekile, ngoba ukungabi khona kwayo kuholela ekusweleni nasekuthuthukiseni ingxenye engenhla ye-utamatisi. Ukufeza isivuno esihle, utamatisi kufanele itshalwe kuphela ezindaweni ezivulekile ezikhanyiswa kakhulu yilanga.
Ukungcola komoya nomhlabathi. Ilanga elivuthayo ngokushesha limisa umhlaba futhi kunciphise umswakama womoya. Ukuthi izitshalo azizwa "ukoma", umswakama wenhlabathi kufanele ube phakathi kuka-60-75%, nomoya umswakama - 45-60%. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi hhayi kuphela ukuwazisa utamatisi empandeni, kodwa futhi ukufaka i-sprinkler kulezi zakhiwo.
Utamatisi ungakhula usebenzisa indlela Terekhin, Maslov, hydroponics. Izinqubo ezibalulekile ekutshalweni kudla, ukugxila kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamatamatisi ku-greenhouse.
Ukudla. Zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla ngeke zisize ukwandisa umkhiqizo uma inhlabathi endaweni ingenamandla. Yiqiniso, ungakwazi ukubeka isamba esizungezile bese usiletha esakhiweni nge-chernozem, noma kunjalo, utamatisi ofanayo uyadonsa enhlabathini evundile yonke iminyaka emithathu noma emine. Ngakho-ke, indlela engcono kakhulu - ukondla.
Udinga ukwenza umquba obunzima, oqukethe ingxenye yengonyama ye-phosphorus, i-potassium ne-nitrogen. Lezi zici zisiza kokubili esiteji sokukhula okusheshayo nasenqubo yokwakheka kwezingane. Uma ukhula i-peas esiqhingini, bese uqoqa ama-pods, sebenzisa ingxenye engenhla kanye ne-rhizome ukufaka isakhiwo ngotamatisi. Izimila zingcono kakhulu ukubekezelela umanyolo ohlaza okwedlulele kunezinto ezibonakalayo.
Kubalulekile! Uma kusetshenziswe i-peas ngendlela yokugqoka, kubalulekile ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda i-nitrojeni kumanyolo, ngoba amaqabunga, ama-stem, ikakhulukazi izimpande ziqukethe inani elikhulu le-nitrogen.
Ungakhohlwa ukususa ukhula njalo kusayithi, okungukuthi "ukuthatha" izakhi zomzimba utamatisi, kepha futhi ukuheha izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene.
Kungcono nini ukutshala izithombo zika utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi ukuqoqa izithombo zika utamatisi, kuye ngokuthi ezihlukahlukene kanye nesivinini sokuvuthwa, kuqhutshwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene - njengoba kudingwa ngokucacile. Futhi uma uhlale utshala izinhlobo zephuzile, khona-ke kuzodingeka "usetshenziswe" ngaphezu konyaka owodwa kuya phakathi nonyaka kanye nonyaka wokuqala. Ukuze ugweme amaphutha, thola ukuthi isikhathi sidinga izinhlobo ezahlukene.
Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala zamatamatisi
Ukuze uqalise ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezibhekwa kuqala. Utamatisi zakuqala yizo izinhlobo eziqala ukuthela izithelo ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingu-105 emva kokuhlwanyela. Lokhu kungukuthi, usuvele usutholile ngokuphelele (ngaphandle koketshezi lwe-chemistry kanye ne-GMO) utamatisi, okusetshenziselwa kokubili ama-saladi nokulondolozwa noma ukuqhutshwa phambili, kakade ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
Kubalulekile! Kunezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zakuqala ezivuthiwe ezinsukwini ezingaphansi kwezinsuku ezingu-85. Uma uthenga imbewu yalezi zinhlobonhlobo, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela izincomo kuphakheji.Lapho utamatisi otholwa kuqala atshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile?
A utamatisi emva kokuhlwanyela on izithombo amahlumela ngezinsuku 5-6, okusho ukuthi le nkathi ayengezwe inamba inani lezinsuku ezikhonjisiwe ephakheji. Izithombo ezitshaliwe ezidingweni zomhlaba ezivulekile ezinsukwini ezingu 45-50 emva kokuhluma.
Iqiniso liwukuthi, kuye ngokuthi isifundazwe, izinga lokushisa elivamile nsuku zonke lihluka (ukushisa okungenani ama-13 ° C kufaneleka izithombo), ngakho-ke, akunangqondo ukucacisa izinsuku eziqondile, ngoba ngisho nasesifunda esisodwa isimo sezulu singabonisa "izimanga".
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlwanyela izithombo ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala kudlula kangangokuthi isonto ngaphambi kokukhethwa okuhlosiwe endaweni evulekile ngaphandle kwefasitela kwakushushu, sezulu, futhi ebusuku ubusika abuzange buwe ngaphansi kwe-10 ° C.
Kubalulekile! Ungalandeli izinkolelo ezisekelwe emzimbeni ezithi ngokushesha uma utshala izithombo zotamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile, ngokushesha ukuvuna kuzoba khona. Uma ebusuku izinga lokushisa liyehla ngaphansi kwezinga ngisho nangehora, izithombo zizoqedwa ngokuphelele.Kuvela ukuthi udinga ukutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile ngesikhathi ukubuyela kwamaqhwa akunakwenzeka. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, lesi yisikhathi kusukela ngo-Ephreli 15 kuya ku-Meyi 1, okuphakathi kwaMeyi 1 kuya kuMeyi 15. Uma ungenalo i-100% isiqiniseko sokuthi i-snap ebandayo ngeke ifike, bese umboza izithombo ngefilimu ebusuku.
Utamatisi ophakathi nonyaka
Manje ake sikhulume ukuthi sizohlwanyela nini izithombo zomatamatisi ovuthiwe phakathi komhlabathi ovulekile. Izinhlobo zika-utamatisi eziphakathi nonyaka ziveza isivuno ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-110-115 emva kokuhluma. Ngakho-ke, badinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokukuthuthukisa engadini.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi ezimweni eziningi zide kakhulu, okusho ukuthi badinga izakhi kanye nelanga elanele. Kubalulekile ukudlulisa izithombo emhlabathini ezinsukwini ezingu 55-60 emva kokuhluma. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ukukhethwa kwezitamatisi ezivuthiwe phakathi kwesikhashana kwenziwa kamuva kunamatamatisi okuvuthwa kuqala.
Ukutshala izithombo zomatamatisi ovuthiwe emhlabathini kwenzeka ngoMeyi, kusukela enombolweni engu-1 kuya ku-15. Nokho, lezo zinsuku zifanele kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Uma uhlala emgwaqeni ophakathi, kufanele ushayele izithombo ngaphambi kukaJuni 1.
Kubalulekile! Ukuhluma kwezithombo zomatamatisi ezivuthiwe phakathi kwezindawo ezingasenyakatho kuthathwa kamuva, ngakho-ke kungase kube nesidingo sokumisa ukukhula kwezithombo (amanzi angaphansi, ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa, ukusebenzisa izilawuli ezikhula).
Izinhlobo ezindala
Ake sikhulume ukuthi sizohlwanyela nini izithombo zika utamatisi ovuthiwe endaweni evulekile.
Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa kwesikhashana, njengokuvuthwa kokuqala, zihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana: ukuvuthwa kwesikhathi sekwephuzile nokuphuza kakhulu. Isivuno sokuqala ezinsukwini ezingu-116-120 emva kokuhluma, okwesibili kuzokuthokozisa ngezithelo ezinhle kakhulu kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-121. Kubalulekile ukudlulisa izithombo ukuvula umhlaba izinsuku ezingama-70 emva kokusuka kokuqala, njengoba lezi zinhlobo zithatha isikhathi eside ukuthola inqwaba eluhlaza.
Kubalulekile! Ukuhlakulela ukuvuthwa kokuvuthwa kanye nezinhlobo eziphuzile kakhulu kunesifundazwe eseningizimu, ngoba isimo sezulu esiphezulu isibalo se "izinsuku ezifudumele" akwanele ukuvuthwa ngokuphelele isivuno.
Ukutshala utamatisi oluvuthiwe emhlabathini ngezithombo kungenziwa ngokusekelwe kwedatha yemininingwane, echazwe etafuleni elingezansi. Ukuhlaziya itafula, singaphetha ngokuthi uma, isibonelo, ufuna ukukhula ezihlukahlukene kakhulu emva kwesikhathi "Giraffe", eqala ukuthela izithelo 140-160 kwezinsuku emva amahlumela kuqala, khona-ke udinga ukuhlala latitudes ezihambisana nesigaba 3 no 4.
Ukukhipha izinsuku ezingu-70, lapho izithombo ziyokhula khona lapho kubamba ukushisa, inani elifanayo lihlala, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuqagela ukuqalisa ngqo kwegama elithi "efudumele" nokuphela kwalo. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi utamatisi ophuzayo otholile ezindaweni ezingasenyakatho awuzuzi lutho.
Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokutshala utamatisi ovuthiwe ekupheleni komhlaba awukwazi ukuqagela, futhi ubale, ubhekisele kuzibalo. Kungasetshenziselwa nezinye izinhlobo, noma kunjalo, kuseyinto ewusizo kakhulu kulabo abahamba phambili, ngoba sisenayo "umzila" omncane wokuqasha ubuningi obuhlaza, ukuguga kanye nokuqoqwa kwemikhiqizo eqedile.
Njengoba unqume ukukhula utamatisi esiqhingini sakho, wazi kangcono izinhlobo: Raspberry Miracle, Katya, Maryina Roshcha, Pertsevidny, Honey Drop, Dubrava, Black Prince, De Barao, Bullish Heart, Lyana, Budenovka, Shuttle, Pink Honey, Novice, Batanya, Crimson Giant .
Izici zokukhipha utamatisi
Njengoba sesifunde ngesikhathi sokukhetha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, sizoxoxa ngokuthi izithombo zika utamatisi zokuvuthwa okuhlukene zihlwanyelwe kanjani emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukufika kungcono kakhulu ngosuku olumnyama, uma ilanga lingaphandle - linda kusihlwa. Phakathi nobusuku lesi sitshalo sizoqina futhi sithuthule ngokuthula imisebe ekhanyayo ilanga ngosuku olulandelayo.
Uyazi? Ngokuba okokuqala utamatisi kwavela eYurophu maphakathi nekhulu le-16.
Iphethini lokutshala lixhomeke kuhlobo lwezotamatisi, ukuphakama kwalo kanye nokuhlelwa kokunisela. Noma kunjalo tshala izitshalo ukuze zingaphazamisani:
- Izinhlobo ezinotamatisi ezikhula kancane zitshalwe kangcono ngokwe-scheme 50 × 50 cm.
- Izinhlobo ze-utamatisi ze-Sredneroslye zitshalwe kangcono ngo-70 × 60 cm.
- Izinhlobo zotamatisi ezivuthwa emva kwesikhathi zitshalwe ngokuvumelana ne-scheme 70 × 70 cm.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo kudingeka ziphuze kakhulu. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba ususe utamatisi kusuka ezimbizeni ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande.
Izimbobo zokutshala utamatisi kufanele kube ukujula kwe-bayonet ye-spade. Ngaphambi kokutshala ugcwalise ngamanzi phezulu bese ulinda kuze kube yilapho umswakama ubanjwe emhlabathini.
Uma izitshalo sezilungele, izithombo zingasuswa ezikhungweni bese zijula phansi.
Kubalulekile! Ungaphuli umhlaba. Lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwesistimu.Manje udinga ukufafaza izimpande ngenhlabathi. Bese usakaza kancane umquba eduze kwesiqu bese uphinde ugcwalise umgodi ngomhlabathi, uwunqamule phansi.
Isitshalo ngasinye emva kokutshala kumele sikhuphuke nge 1 litre amanzi.
Qinisekisa ukufaka eduze kwamaphegi ngamunye ehlathini. Izoba usizo kamuva emuva kwe-garter.
Amaphegi aphakanyiselwe ku-45 cm phezulu eduze kwe-undersized, no-75 cm ngamaphakathi.
Ngemuva kokufakelwa isitshalo, izithombo kufanele zihlanganiswe nefilimu ebonakalayo ukuze ivikeleke emigqumeni kanye nemvula. I-Shelter isuswe kuphela uma kunezulu elifudumele ngaphandle, kanti izithombo zizogxila endaweni entsha futhi ziqede. Izithombo ezigxilile ezinsukwini eziyishumi, konke lokhu awukwazi ukuwafaka utamatisi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-10 kuqala ukuchelela.
Uyazi? Utamatisi omkhulu kunesisindo esingu-2.9 kg futhi wakhula eWisconsin, eU.SA.Ngithemba ukuthi kusukela kulesi sihloko wakwazi ukuthola ukuthi uzothela kanjani utamatisi nokuthi uzokutshala nokuthi zingaki izinsuku emva kokuhlwanyela kufanelekile ukukhipha emhlabathini ovulekile.
