Wonke umuntu udinga ukudla amagilebhisi, ngoba lamajikijolo awanambitheki kuphela, kodwa futhi awusizo kakhulu. Uma ufuna ukutshala amagilebhisi ngokwakho, kufanele utadishe ngokucophelela izici zezinhlobonhlobo. Abathandi bama "classics" amagilebhisi, ungancoma izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagilebhisi aseCalifornian amagilebhisi amnyama, onikeza ukuvuna kakhulu ekuqaleni.
Umlando wokutshalwa kwamagilebhisi wekhadinali
Izinhlobonhlobo Zekhadinali zavela kudala - maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka edlule. Kuvunwe abafuyi baseCalifornia u-E. Snyder noF. Harmon ngesisekelo sokunqamula izinhlobo zeNdlovukazi yezivini no-Alfons Lavalle. Izinhlobonhlobo ezintsha ziya zisakazeka kancane kancane ziye e-Italy, eYugoslavia, Greece, France nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.
Ngo-1958, ukhadinali walethwa eSoviet Russia esuka eFrance (Montpellier Nursery), kusukela ngonyaka ka 1965 waqala ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa kwesifundazwe, kwathi ngonyaka we-1974 izinhlobonhlobo zabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni kwiRegional State of Selection Achievements. Ihlelwe esifundeni saseNyakatho Caucasus, futhi kusukela ngo-2004 - esifundeni saseLower Volga.
Amagilebhisi Cardinal nezinhlobonhlobo zawo esithombeni
- I-Anapa Cardinal etholwe abafuyi baseRussia futhi ine-frost ephakeme yokumelana nayo
- Amajikijolo ekhadinali ambozwe ngenhlanganisela yesimo se-wax esimnandi
- Ukumelana kwamakhadinali kuhlukile "kumzali" wakhe ekugomeni okukhulu kwezifo
Ikhadinali laba yisisekelo sezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi. Ikakhulu, kunezinhlobo ze-Anapa Cardinal ezitholakele eRussia, kanye ne-Moldovan Cardinal solid, ezitholwe ngokuwela i-Cardinal ngamagilebhisi aseMoldavian eCriuleni.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zamaKhadinali
Ikhadinali ukuhluka kwetafula okuhambisana nesikhathi sokuvuthwa sokuqala kakhulu - kudlula izinsuku ezingama-105-110 kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokukhula kuya ekuvuthweni kwamabhulashi okuqala.
Amabhasi ayaphawuleka ngomfutho wawo wokukhula okuphezulu, okufinyelela kumamitha ayi-3. Isithelo sezinhlobonhlobo singaba phezulu kakhulu, ngoba kuze kube ngama-70 amahlumela akhiqiza izithelo kwisitshalo ngasinye, ngokwesilinganiso kwakhiwa amabhulashi ayi-1 kwesinye nesinye sazo. Imivini ivuthwa ngo-1/2 kuya ku-2/3 yobude. Imifino iminyene, amaqabunga makhulu, acwebezela, ngaphandle kwama-pubescence, ngamazinyo kanxantathu eceleni. Izimbali ziyazichamela.
Ama-bunches wesimo se-cylindrical-conical (ngesinye isikhathi esinamaphiko), sikhulu kodwa siyakhululeka. Kungenxa yobukhulu beshashi ngobude obungu-25-30 cm bunobunzima obungu-300-600 g.
Ikhadinali inamajikijolo amakhulu ayindilinga.
Amajikijolo ama-oval noma ayindilinga ayikhulu impela (isisindo esingu-5-7 g). Isici esahlukile samajikijolo yimidwebo engaphezulu. Isikhumba esiminyene senziwe ngopende obomvu obomvu ngokufaka umusi we-wax. Umbala we-namanzi, uginindela omncane onekhakhayini uluhlaza okotshani. Imbewu engu-3-4 ifihliwe epulpiti. Amajikijolo anambitheka okumnandi kakhulu, omuncu-omnandi, onephunga elimnandi le-muscat. Okuqukethwe ushukela kumajikijolo akukuningi kakhulu - i-16%, inani le-asidi lifinyelela ku-7-8 g / l.
Amagilebhisi Cardinal kuvidiyo
Izici Ezihlukahlukene
Izinhlobonhlobo zamaKhadinali zinezinzuzo nobubi bobabili.
Izinzuzo:
- ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi;
- ukukhiqiza okuphezulu (kuze kufike ku-20-25 kg kusuka esihlahleni esingu-1);
- ingagcinwa isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulahleka kwekhwalithi;
- ukubekezelela isomiso;
- ukunambitha okuhle.
Okubi:
- akakubekezeleli kahle ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokukhula (ukuphuma kwe-ovary nezimbali kungenzeka, amajikijolo mancane);
- ukukhiqizwa kungazinzi;
- ukuvuthwa okungeyona kanye kanyekanye amajikijolo kumaqoqo;
- ukungasebenzi kahle kobusika;
- ukumelana kabi nezifo nezinambuzane;
- ukucacisa ikhwalithi yenhlabathi nokushiya (umkhiqizo ungashintshashintsha).
Izici zokutshala nokukhula
Izinga lesitshalo esizayo liqashelwa ikakhulu ngokutshala okunekhono.
Lapho ukhetha indawo yeKhadinali, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi uzwela kakhulu ukubanda. Ngakho-ke, kufanele igqamise indawo efudumele kahle, evikelekile emimoyeni ebandayo. Inhlabathi efaneleke kakhulu yalokhu okuhlukahlukene yi-chernozems noma i-loams.
Izindlela zokusakazwa kwamagilebhisi
Indlela enhle yokusabalalisa izinhlobonhlobo zamaKhadinali ngokufaka ngokuxhunyelelwa kwezokusika esitokisini sabadala, okuhamba phambili kunakho konke ku-Shasla X Berlandieri noma eBerlandieri X Riparia, ezimelana nezimo ezingezinhle. Izimbumbulu zidinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela. Imvamisa kuvunwa ekwindla, ngesikhathi sokuthenwa kwemivini ebusika. Kungcono ukuthatha isiqu kusuka engxenyeni ephakathi yehlumela yezithelo ngobubanzi be-7-10 mm, nobude be-Internode cishe cm 8. Amahlamvu, amahlumela akamuva, i-apex asuswa esiqwini. Kufanele okungenani kube nezinso ezi-4. Njengoba ukusika kufanele kugcinwe kuze kube sentwasahlobo, kunconyelwa ukumboza umsiki ngophalafini bese ugoqa ukusika eshalofini elingaphansi kwesiqandisi.
Ukuvikela umsiki ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa, ukusikeka kudinga ukuthi kucwiliswe kuphalafini oncibilikisiwe
Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokugomela intwasahlobo, sisukela eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Ephreli kuya kwelokuqala likaMeyi.
Isihlahla esidala sezimpande siyasuswa, kusale isiqu esincane. Ingaphezulu lesiqu sesihlanzwa ukuze kube bushelelezi ngokuphelele. Isitoko kufanele sisikwe phakathi, ngokucophelela, kusetshenziswa isigqoko esibukhali nesando. Endaweni yokuhlukanisa ingxenye engezansi yesibambo, usike engela kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili.
Indawo yokugoma kufanele idonswe iqine ngangokunokwenzeka
Isitoko kufanele sidonselwe ngokuqinile futhi siboshwe ngentambo yendwangu eqinile futhi ihlanganiswe nobumba. Isihlahla esihlanganisiwe siniselwa ngamabhakede wamanzi ama-3-4 bese sigaka inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla nge-peat noma sawdust.
Ukugonywa kwamagilebhisi ku-shtamb - ividiyo
Indlela ethembekile engatshaliwe yokutshala iKhadinali ukutshala izihlahla. Izilawuli kufanele zibe nempilo, ziqine. Inani lamehlo kufanele okungenani libe ngu-2-3. Izimbumbulu zingatshalwa kusengaphambili emanzini kuze kuvele izimpande. Kuyasiza ukuzicwilisela kwi-stimulator yokukhulisa (i-sodium humate) ngaphambi kokutshala. Izilimo zitshalwe enhlabathini ebilungiselelwe ngaphambili, zivundiswe ngamalungiselelo we-potassium-phosphorus kanye nezinto eziphilayo. Okubi ngale ndlela yisidingo sokulawulwa kokushisa. Ukushisa kwenhlabathi kumele okungenani kube ngu-+10 mayelanaC, nomoya - hhayi ngaphansi kuka +15 mayelanaC, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusikeka ngeke nje kube nezimpande.
Ukwakha izimpande, ukusikwa kucwiliswa emanzini
Imithetho Yokunakekela Amagilebhisi
Ukukhiqizwa kwamakhadinali kuncike kakhulu kukhwalithi yokunakekelwa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhulayo ezingezinhle, umbala nokuwohloka kwe-ovary, nokukhanywa kwamajikijolo kuyaqala.
Izinhlobonhlobo zithanda umswakama yize zibekezelela isomiso. Umswakama wenhlabathi kufanele ube ngokulingana, kepha njalo: ngomswakama owedlulele, amajikijolo aqhekeka futhi abole. Lapho kukhona amanzi amile, kubalulekile ukuhlela amanzi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zenhlabathi, amagilebhisi adinga ukuniselwa izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngesizini. Umswakama ubalulekile ikakhulukazi ehlathini ngesikhathi sokuhluma nangesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye, kubalulekile ukuthulula amabhakede wamanzi ayi-1-2, afudumele ngokufudumele.
Ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini, kunconywa ukuvala indilinga yesiqu nge-mulch evela otshanini noma ku-sawdust.
Ukuhlanganisa inhlabathi ngotshani kuzosiza ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini
Amabhasi womdiliya adinga ukuthenwa. Ezifundeni zaseningizimu ezifudumele, ungakhula izinhlobo zamaKhadinali ngendlela yesihlahla esinesiqu esiphakeme - kulokhu, amagilebhisi anika isivuno esiphakeme, kanti iziqu ziyehluka ngosayizi nokubukeka okuhle.
Ezifundeni ezibandayo, amabhuthi avame ukwakhiwa ngesimo fan noma i -ronon enamakhanda amabili.
Ukuthola i-cordon, imivini emibili eyinhloko yakheka esihlahleni somvini, othunyelwa ngokuqondile ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene eceleni kwe-trellis. Emivinini esemqoka, zonke amahlumela ziyasuswa, ngaphandle kwalezo zibheke phezulu, ezibekwa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi zimiswe kwi-trellis.
Umdwebo wokwakheka kwamagilebhisi ngendlela yekotoni enezinhlangothi ezimbili - ividiyo
Lapho ukuthenwa kwabalandeli esihlahleni, kungafanele kushiywe amahlumela ezithelo angaphezu kuka-13-16, futhi inani eliphelele lamehlo kufanele libe ngu-25-30. Ngonyaka wokuqala, kubekwa ingxenye ejwayelekile, ngolwesibili - kwakhiwa “imikhono” engu-4 noma ngaphezulu, lapho kwakhiwa khona amahlumela wezithelo ekuqaleni konyaka wesithathu.
Ukwenziwa kwabalandeli kuthatha iminyaka emi-3
Ngaphezu kokunisela nokuthena, iKhadinali idinga ukugqokwa njalo okuphezulu. Izinto eziphilayo ngesimo somquba noma i-humus zethulwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla ngokuhlanganisa izihlahla ngenxego yomquba omningi (5-8 cm).
Ngaphezu kwezinto eziphilayo, kuyadingeka ukondla amagilebhisi ngamaminerali (ungasebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi). Lokhu kwenziwa izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngesikhathi sokukhula: lapho amaqabunga evela, ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamaqabunga, ngemuva kokuba umbala uqulekile nangemva kokuvuna.
Ukufafaza ngesixazululo se-iron sulfate kusiza ukuqeda ubunye bezinhlobonhlobo - ukuvuthwa okungekho ngasikhathi sinye kwamajikijolo.
Njengoba i-Cardinal ingazinzile ezifweni, kuyadingeka ukwenza izindlela zokuvimbela izifo ngesikhathi esifanele. Njengoba i-Cardinal ikakhulukazi ihlushwa yizikhunta, umvini uphathwa ikakhulukazi ngama fungicides. Amalungiselelo anjenge-colloidal sulfure noma i-Ridomil ancibilikiswa emanzini afafazwe ezitshalweni, azame ukufafaza zombili iziqalo ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi zamaqabunga, kanye nokugquma kwamahlumela.
Ukuvikela amagilebhisi ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni - ividiyo
Izinambuzane eziphambili zomvini ama-wasps nezinyoni. Futhi kulawo, nakwabanye, ungazivikela ngokufaka ibhulashi ngalinye esikhwameni se-gauze noma izicubu ezithambile. Vele, le ndlela idinga isikhathi esiningi nomsebenzi, kepha ukuvikelwa kuqinisekisiwe.
Ebusika, ama-Cardinal bush kufanele ambozwe (ngaphandle kwezindawo eziseningizimu). Ukuze wenze lokhu, emva kokuthena ekwindla, imivini iboshelwa emaqhugwaneni futhi igobile emhlabathini, bese iboshwa ngotshani noma embozwe ifilimu noma inhlabathi.
Umvini owumbozwe ngefilimu ungafafazwa ezinhlangothini nasemhlabeni bese ufafazwa ngamatshe ukuze kulondolozwe kangcono.
Ukuvunwa, ukugcinwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezilimo
Ungaqala ukuvuna amagilebhisi wekhadinali engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Agasti. Amabhulashi asikwa ngama-secateurs, ashiya umlenze ongu-4-5 cm. Ezokuhamba, obhasikidi abangashongo noma amabhokisi enkuni afaneleka kakhulu, lapho kufiseleka ukubeka khona amagilebhisi ngokuqinile.
I-Cardinal igcinwa isikhathi eside - cishe izinyanga ezintathu egumbini elipholile elinomswakama ongaguquki.
Naphezu kwenhloso yetafula, ingasetshenziswa ukwenza omisiwe, ujusi, amakhompiyutha nokulondolozwa.
Ukusuka kumagilebhisi ungapheka i-compote emnandi
Ukubuyekezwa Kwabalimi
Ikhadinali yami, ephakathi nendawo, ikhula ngokutholwa, eyatholakala eBotanical Garden ngonyaka ka-2006, ayidali zinkinga ngezifo ezinezindlela zokwelapha ezingama-2-3, amajikijolo makhulu, kodwa, ngeqiniso, hhayi amaTalisman, amaqoqo amakhulu - - 0.8-1.2 kg. Isigejana esikhulu sezinhlobo zami sikhulele kuKhadinali - 2.2 kg. Ukunambitheka kuhle, iphunga limangalisa. Uzovuthwa nini. Futhi iyavuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Angizami ukulayisha ngokweqile. Ngokusho kokunye ukubuyekezwa kwasendaweni, ukuguquka kwesikhathi sokuvuthwa kuyisithombe esijwayelekile sokuziphatha kwezinhlobonhlobo kwaSaratov.
I-Vic, iSaratov//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=569720
kulo nyaka, izinhlobonhlobo zekhadinali azange zivuthwe ekuqaleni, zazidliwe ekugcineni kukaJulayi. Ngokuvamile zivuthwa ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zika-Agasti, ngalesi sikhathi konke okukhona nakho kungomusa nokunambitheka.
iphayona 2//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=569720
Futhi Ikhadinali yami ayiguli, yize iqiniso ukuthi kukhona i-encry ye-BCR ekhula eduzane futhi imivini yayo iyakhula ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha i-Cardinal ayitheleleki kuyo (yize yayiphathwa amahlandla ama-2 phakathi nehlobo ukuvimbela) Ukukhula kunamandla amakhulu we-4-5 m futhi ukuvuthwa kulungile Ukunambitheka kumangalisa nje, kunama-natimeg kanye namanothi wezimbali ezimnandi nezithelo (angikwazi ukuchaza ngqo). Ngokuvamile, kunambitheke kakhulu, angilalanga eduze neKhadinali engenisiwe, yize iziqu zingesihle futhi zincane. Yebo, anginawo ngokujaha iziqu ezinkulu.Ngizikhulisela amagilebhisi mina nezihlobo zami. Ngiphinde ngabona ukuthi ukunambitheka kugcwala ngokuqhakaza ngokukhula kwezinkuni zaphakade. Ngihlela ukukhipha iBSR elandelayo encibilikayo bese ngeluleka umvini endaweni yawo ku-trellis. Ngiyimboza ngomhlaba minyaka yonke. Manje kunamaqhwa angaphansi kwama-degrees angama-20. ngaphandle kweqhwa, noma ngabe liqandwe kanjani, ungqimba lomhlaba alunaminyene.
Kalinovka//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-1846-p-2.html
Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi eKardinal. Ungasho ukuthi zakudala. Siyakhula, sithanda ngempela
iphayona 2//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=359.0
Amagilebhisi Cardinal - hhayi izinhlobo ezilula kakhulu zokukhula. Kodwa-ke, uma usukulungele ukusebenzisa isikhathi uyinakekela futhi uyivikela ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni, lokhu kuhlukahluka okuhle kakhulu kungakujabulisa ngesithelo esijwayelekile samajikijolo amakhulu anamnandi ngephunga le-nutmeg. Ngokunambitha, ochwepheshe abaningi babiza lolu hlobo ngamagilebhisi amahle.
