Eminyakeni engama-20 yokuba khona kwayo, amagilebhisi eNiZin aseyifomu le-hybrid eklanyelwe ezingadini eziningi cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zezulu zamazwe ethu angomakhelwane. Izinhlobonhlobo, ezifuywa ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane edlule, zathandana nabathengisi beviniga bobabili ukunambitheka okuhle nokuthengiswa kwamajikijolo, kanye nokunakekela kwabo okungatheni kanye nokuvumelana nezimo ezimeni ezahlukahlukene.
Umlando wokutshala kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi
Izithelo zomvini zeNiZin - izinhlobo zokuqala zamagilebhisi, ezakhiwa ngumthandi womdlandla uV.N. Kraynov, owayehlala edolobheni laseNvovokassk. UViktor Nikolaevich wayebizwa ngokuthi ngumfuyi "wangasese". Impela, akasebenzanga kunoma yiliphi i-laboratories elingathi sína, kodwa wenza izinhlobo ezintsha zomvini engadini yakhe. Njengombana umfuyi ngokwakhe atjho, ubesenza i-viticulture kusukela aneminyaka eli-15 ubudala, ubabakhe wamfundisa lokhu, futhi kungeyisilo sezazi zezolimo, kodwa eyisikhulu esathatha umhlalaphansi. Njengoba indlu yasehlobo iV. N. Krainov yayisogwini loMfula iTuzla futhi yayinezimo zezulu ezingezinhle kakhulu, wazama ukudala izinhlobo ezingamelana nesithwathwa, amazolo asekuseni nenkungu. Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezingama-45 zadalwa ngumfuyi, futhi cishe zonke zisathola ukusetshenziswa kwazo.
Amajikijolo omvini akhiqizwe izitshalo kusukela ekuqoqweni kweV. N. Krainov abonakala ngama-epithets “aqinile, ahlaba umxhwele, amangalisayo, amangalisayo”.
Futhi izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala ukuthola "ithikithi lokuya empilweni" kwakuyizinhlobonhlobo zaseNiZin. Kulungile, ngohlamvu olukhulu "Z" phakathi kwegama. Umdlandla uqobo, ekhuluma ngokuqala komsebenzi wakhe ngoNovemba 30, 2009, wathi wenza iziphambano zezinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela esebenzisa izinketho ezahlukahlukene, isibonelo: iThelisman + Tomaysky, iTalisman + Autumn Black neTalisman + kishmish Luchisty. Ubhale wathi: "Ngo-1998, ezinye izithombo ezihlanzekile zaxosha ama-inflorescence futhi zaqhakaza, ngo-Agasti-Septhemba kwenziwa isivuno sokuqala samagilebhisi amasha, phakathi lapho ifomu le-NiZin hybrid, ebelivele selicishe laba ngundabamlonyeni."
U-NiZina washeshe waba yinto yakudala: bamlinganisa, bamphucula, kepha ibakala manje "liyasebenza"
Ekuqaleni uNiZina wakhula eningizimu yeRussia. Ngemuva kwalokho yaqala ukuhlakulela abalimi emzileni ophakathi naphakathi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Ngo-1999, izinhlobo uNina, uTuzlovsky omkhulu, uPervozvanny zenziwa izilwanyane, kanti ke uhlu lwama-hybrids atholwe nguKraynov lukhula njenge-avalanche-like.
Kwi-Intanethi ungathola izahlulelo eziningana ezahlukahlukene mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezazingaba "abazali" bale hybrid.
Kulokhu, kunjalo, kufanele ufike emthonjeni, futhi ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphila kukaV. N. Krainov, iwebhusayithi enikezelwe emsebenzini wakhe esebenza. Lapho, kubonakala sengathi, kushiwo ngokusobala ukuthi iNiZina ingumphumela wokuhlanganiswa kabusha kwezinhlotshana zeKesha-1 ne-Radish. Ngabe inethiwekhi iya kuphi imibono eminingi ngale ndaba? Yebo, ukumane uqhubeke neqiniso lokuthi ngesisekelo salombhangqwana iKrayayov ususe izinhlobo eziningana ngokulandelana! Kepha akunzima ukudweba okufanayo. Bobabili abazali banezingane, zikhanya futhi zimnyama. Ukuqhathanisa, kunjalo, kuhaba, kepha into efana naleyo emhlabeni wezitshalo: izindlela ezihlukile zokuwela, ungafinyelela imiphumela ehlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye umfuyi wezilwane, uV.V. Zagorulko wasedolobheni laseZaporozhye, ngenxa yokukhethwa ngesisekelo sobabili, izinhlobonhlobo zikaLily zesigodi zazihluke kakhulu kwiNiZina.
Iminduze yesigodi yehla isuka kubazali abafanayo, kepha yeka ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyehluka kanjani komunye nomunye!
Abatshali bamagilebhisi bebengenaso isikhathi sokuthola ukuthi yikuphi okungafani no-V. N. Krainov obekulungele yena - uNizina noma uNina owamlandela, njengoba umfuyi ebahlanganisa kakhulu futhi, wakhipha ifomu le-hybrid elibizwa ngeNizina 2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuchazwa okunikezwe kwiwebhusayithi yakhe, kwalandela ukuthi ngisho ngokubukeka, i-Nizin 2 ihluke kakhulu kunhlobonhlobo yeNizin: ngisho nombala wamajikijolo uhlukile, kungasaphathwa ezinye izici. Yebo, kamuva uNizin 2 wathola igama elithi Ninel, kodwa leli qiniso lanezela ukudideka.
Ngakho-ke, emuva ezinhlobonhlobo owaqala ngazo umlando wamagilebhisi weV.N.Krainov, amagilebhisi waseNiZin. Noma kunalokho, njengoba umbhali uqobo abhala, "kuya ekuhlanganeni okuyinkimbinkimbi kokukhula okuphakathi kokufika sekwephuzile."
Incazelo yezinhlobo zamagilebhisi zaseNiZina
Izihlahla zomvini ezinhlobonhlobo zeNisina zikhula ngaphezulu kwesilinganiso sokukhula, futhi ukukhula ngokushesha, futhi phakathi kwamahlumela awo, amaningi athela izithelo. Isibalo sabo sibheka inani eliphelele njengo-60 - 80%. Amagatsha anamandla amahlumela aqapheleka, futhi ngoba umhluzi owodwa noma emibili yamajikijolo ungaboshelwa ngakunye, isivuno sokwehlukahluka sibonakala siphakeme kakhulu. Isihlahla somelana nomthwalo ophelele we amahlumela angama-24, izithelo eziqinile. Isisindo esincane sesilimo esihlahleni esisodwa esinokungabikho ngokuphelele kokunakekelwa singama-6 kg.
Amabhulashi eNiZina akhula ngendlela yokuthi angaphazamisani, kanti okuthe xaxa kwalolu hlobo lwamagilebhisi kubalwa njengokuzinza
Isihlahla singakhula sobabili ezimpandeni zaso (okungukuthi, sikhule kusuka kusikiwe amagilebhisi eNiZin) nakusiko elixhunyiwe: amaphesenti wokugoma aphumelelayo ezandleni ezinamakhono asondele ku-100, izinhlobonhlobo zinokuhambisana okuphezulu nezimpande eziningi. Amahlumela ngesikhathi sokukhula avuthwa ngokwanele. Amaqabunga efomu elijwayelekile. INizina iqala ukukhiqiza izilimo ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala; ngokuya ngezimo zezulu, isikhathi kusukela ekuqaleni kwesizini yokukhula kuya ekuvuthweni okuphelele kwamajikijolo kusuka ezinyangeni ezi-4 kuye kwezingu-4,5. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobonhlobo azikho ekuqaleni, kunalokho, kufanele zibhekwe njengemaphakathi kwesikhathi: ukuvuna eningizimu kuqala ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, futhi endaweni ephakathi kuya enyakatho - eduze maphakathi no-Septhemba.
INizina ibonakala njengezinhlobonhlobo ezilwa nesithwathwa: ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aze afike ku-23 mayelanaC. Kuliqiniso, manje le nkomba ngeke isimangaze muntu: kunezinombolo eziningi zamarekhodi. Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi ezifundeni eziningi lidinga ukukhosela okulula nje ebusika liyinzuzo engenakuphikwa.
Ukumelana nezifo zamagilebhisi kanye nezinambuzane eziningi ezinhlobonhlobo kuchazwa ngabaningi ngokungafani nalokhu: kubikwa ukuthi ukufafaza kuphela emvelweni, kanti nezifo ezinama-oidium, i-grey rot noma i-isikhutha azivamile kakhulu kwi-NiZin. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe banikeza isilinganiso sokumelana nezifo zokukhunta ze-3.5.
Ngesizathu esithile ama-hornets, ama-wasp nezinyosi awazithandi izinhlobo. Azikho izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu ezingathintwa yilezi zinambuzane, oku kungenye inzuzo engenakuphikwa ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi.
Amagilebhisi aqhakaza ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile: cishe maphakathi noJuni. Izimbali zinombili, ngakho-ke ukubekwa kwamajikijolo kuphakeme. Iqoqo lihle futhi likhulu. Futhi uma isisindo sabo esimaphakathi singama-0.7 kg, amacala okukhula kwabo aze afike ku-2 kg ayachazwa, futhi ezimweni ngazinye aze afike ku-3 kg. Ubuningi beqembu buphakathi, ukwakheka kusuka kusilinda engxenyeni enkulu kuya kwisigaxa esivamile esingezansi. Njengomthetho, iziqu ziboshwe ngendlela yokuthi zingaphazamisi ukukhula komunye nomunye, kuleso sigcawu ngasinye kuze kufike amajikijolo angama-40. Ama-bunches anethulo elihle, ayathutha futhi, uma ligcinwe kahle, angalala kuze kube unyaka omusha. Lapho kugcinwa, ukunambitheka kuthuthuka kancane.
Amajikijolo ukusuka kokukhulu kuya kokukhulu kakhulu: usayizi omaphakathi 30 x 22 mm, isisindo esilinganiselwe esingu 11. g Isimo sisuka ekujikelezeni kuya kwesinye okusaqanda njalo.
Izinhlobonhlobo futhi zihlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi amajikijolo aphenduka abomvu isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqala kokuvuthwa kwabathengi: cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuvunwa, asevele ekulungele. Kepha umbala uyashintsha kancane, ube-bomvu-bhuqe, kuze kube yilapho ngokwamabala evulekile kakhulu.
Elangeni elikhanyayo, amajikijolo avela cishe obala. Kubhalwe njengonamanzi, okunamafutha kakhulu. Ikhasi liyadliwa. Okuqukethwe ushukela kungama-17-19%. Unqabe ekuqhekekeni. I-acidity ingu 8-9 g / l. Inani lembewu lisuka ku-0 liye ku-3.
Izici zezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi i-NiZina
Njengoba sesijwayele amagilebhisi we-NiZin, sizozama ukukunikeza uphawu olujwayelekile. Kuyiqiniso, awekho amagilebhisi ngaphandle kwamaphutha, kepha unezinzuzo eziningi kakhulu. Nazi eziphambili:
- ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezimweni zezulu ezahlukahlukene;
- izinga lokukhula okuphezulu namaphesenti amakhulu amahlumela ezithelo;
- ukumelana nezifo zokukhunta kanye ne-phylloxera;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa;
- ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi;
- izimbali ezinezimbali ezimbili;
- ukuqina nokukhiqiza okuphezulu;
- ukuntuleka kokulimala kwamajikijolo ngezinambuzane ezindizayo;
- ukwethulwa okuphezulu nokuthuthwa kwamagaqa;
- ukuntuleka "kwepea" ngama-bunches;
- ukunambitheka okuhle nephunga elimnandi lamajikijolo.
Okubi okuhlobene nezinhlobonhlobo:
- isidingo sendawo enkulu yokufika;
- isidingo sokulinganisa isitshalo: ngaphandle kokusika amahlumela angeziwe nokususa amabhulashi, amajikijolo amancane kakhulu;
- ukuhlupheka kwe-oidium ehlobo elishisayo;
- Ukunambitheka "okumnandi" nombala onsomi okhanyayo wamajikijolo - "kuwo wonke umuntu."
Ngokuvamile, iqiniso lokuthi amagilebhisi eNiZin athandwa njengobufakazi bokuthi le yi-hybrid ephumelela kakhulu.
Izici zokutshala nokukhula kwamagilebhisi ahlukahlukene NiZina
Ngombono wokutshala nokutshala, i-NiZina ingumvini ojwayelekile wokumboza imvelo, ngakho-ke ubuchwepheshe bayo bezolimo abunazimpawu ezibalulekile. INizin isakazwa kahle ngemisiko, ngakho-ke ungakhulisa ngokuzimela ukhula lwayo ekhaya. Uma usunaso isihlahla esisha esingamelana nesithwathwa kolunye uhlobo, i-Lowland ingaxhunywa ngesibambo kulesi sihlahla: indlela yokuxhunyelelwa ayihlukile kakhulu ngokuxhunyelelwa izihlahla zezithelo.
Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zamagilebhisi, i-NiZina ithanda ukukhula ezindaweni ezinelanga, ezivikelekile ezenzakalweni zemimoya yasenyakatho. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha indawo ozohlala kuyo, kufanele ukhethe lapho kukhona khona noma yisiphi isithiyo somoya: udonga lwendlu noma uthango olungenalutho. Izihlahla eziphakeme (i-lilac, i-jasmine, i-honeysuckle) zivikela nomoya, kodwa nokho uhlangothi olubheke elangeni eseningizimu kufanele luvuleke.
INizina ithanda inhlabathi ekhanyayo, isabela kahle kuma-chernozems, kepha iyakwazi ukukhula kunoma iyiphi indawo ngaphandle kokubhukuda kakhulu. Akudingi ukuthambisa okuningana futhi okuningi, kunjalo, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokukhula okusebenzayo kwamajikijolo. Akakuthandi ukugcotshwa kwamanzi: izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele libe kude kuno-2,5 m ukusuka ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi.
Usuku lokufika oluhamba phambili ezifundeni eziningi ukuphela kuka-Ephreli. Eningizimu, amagilebhisi nawo angatshalwa ngo-Okthoba, kodwa ukutshala okuncane ebusika kufanele kumbozwe kahle. Indlela yokutshala ayihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo, kodwa kumele kukhunjulwe amandla amakhulu okukhula, ngakho-ke, ibanga eliya kumatheki angomakhelwane noma okunye ukutshala kufanele okungenani libe ngamamitha ayi-3.
Kusukela ekwindla, ekutshaleni kwentwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukumba yonke le ndawo ezungeze isihlahla esizayo ngomanyolo (indawo enempilo kufanele ibe okungenani yi-5 m2) ukugcwalisa inhlabathi ngezakhi zeminyaka embalwa ezayo. Imbobo yokutshala kwentwasahlobo nayo iyadonsa ekwindla. Umgodi wale nhlobonhlobo wembiwa ngezilinganiso okungenani ezingama-70-80 cm kuzo zonke izilinganiselo. Amasentimitha angama-20 wamadonsa ubekwa phansi phansi, ikakhulukazi esimweni sobumba: amatshe, amatshe amatshe, izingcezu zezitini. Ingqimba yenhlabathi exutshwe nomanyolo (amabhakede amaningana omquba noma umquba, uhhafu wamabhakede womlotha wezinkuni, uhhafu wekhilo we-nitroammophoska) uthululelwa edonsa, futhi ngenhla ungqimba oluzoxhumana ngqo nezimpande ezintsha: inhlabathi evundile ehlanzekile, ngaphandle komanyolo. Batshala uNizin ngokujulile, bashiya izinso ezi-2 kuphela ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi.
Ezindaweni ezomile, kufanele kufakwe ipayipi elingabeki emgodini wokutshala ukunisela isithombo ngqo endaweni yezimpande yeminyaka yokuqala engama-2-3. Lapho utshala, kufanele usakaze izimpande kahle, umboze inhlabathi, icwecwe kahle namanzi. Ukulima inhlabathi ezungeze izithombo kuyadingeka: kuvimbela inhlabathi ukuthi ingoma futhi ivimbele nokhula ukuba lukhule.
Emgodini wokufika, hhayi kuphela i-drainage efiselekayo, kepha futhi ngumbhobho wokunisela olandelayo
Ngenkathi yokukhula, kubalulekile ukunisela ngezikhathi ezithile ukondla amagilebhisi. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-2-3 njalo ngonyaka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, imifino eyenziwe ngaphesheya kwesihlahla kufanele igcwaliswe ngamabhakede ama-1-2 womquba, futhi ekuqaleni kukaJuni uthele amathini wamalitha ayi-1-2 umlotha, ugcwalise kancane enhlabathini. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqhakaza kwezimbali futhi ngokushesha nje emva kokuphela, ukugqokwa okuphezulu kwamafidi ngezixazululo zomanyolo eziyinkimbinkimbi kuyasebenza (ngokufafaza ngamahlamvu). Ngesikhathi sokulayishwa kwamajikijolo, ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kube ne-phosphorus ne-potassium kuphela.
Uma kulindeleke ukuthi kuthathwe iqhwa eliningi entwasahlobo, ungabambezela ukuvuvukala kwezinso emavikini angama-1-2 ngokufafaza amagilebhisi ngesixazululo se-iron sulfate, okuzosiza ekulweni nezilokazane nezifo.
Amagilebhisi adinga ukuthenwa okwenziwa minyaka yonke, okuhloselwe ukususa amahlumela omisiwe, kanye namagatsha angeziwe aqinisa isihlahla. Entwasahlobo, ukuthenwa kwezimonyo kuyinto yezimonyo, futhi ukuthungwa okuyinhloko kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokukhangisa ehlathini ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula, nokho ibuthakathaka, kepha amahlumela amasha angenasisekelo kufanele aphulwe. Lokhu kusebenza kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ekwindla kuphela imivini edingekayo izosala esihlahleni. Sekukonke, iNizina ingashiya amahlumela angama-22-25. Ngeshwa, amahlumela angeziwe ngokuvamile kufanele anqunywe, njengoba abonakala. Kudingeka ukusekelwa okunamandla.
Izinhlobonhlobo zilwa nezifo, kepha ukuvimbela kwazo kungakuhle ukuthi kufafazwe izifutho eziningana zesizini ngezixazululo zesikhunta. Ngo-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, amabhasi kumele ambozwe ubusika. Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana nokuqandelwa yiqhwa, akudingekile ukungcwaba imivini ngisho nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Kuzokwanela, lapho ususe amagilebhisi ku-trellis, umboze ngesihlahla sonwele somhlaba.
Ukubuyekezwa
Ngisho naseSiberia, iLowerland ikhula endaweni evulekile, kepha iqiniso aliyona unyaka nonyaka livuthwa kahle ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela. Ngo-2012 nango-2015, yavuthwa kahle ngaphambi kwendawo yokuhlala. Okumnandi, ama-berry amakhulu.
Nadezhda NV//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=573.0
Lo nyaka ngiyithandile i-Nisina ngisho nangokwengeziwe ngenxa yokukhuthazela kwayo, isihlahla sineminyaka emi-4 yokuqhakaza izithelo, inqobo nje uma kulo nyaka ngo-Ephreli bekukhona amaqhwa nawo wonke amahlumela aphambili eqandayo kanye nesivini sonke sishaye amahlumela asuka esikhundleni sokuhluma, ngoJuni wonke kuyana, ukwelashwa okukodwa kuze kube nguJulayi, kuze kube yilapho isivini sonke sigula, uRidomil Gold wafafaza endaweni ethile ngoJulayi 5, enisela ngaphansi kwesihlahla, akazange azalwe, washiya iziqu eziyi-15-17 esihlahleni ngasinye, wakhipha konke, ngokumelene nesizinda sikaViva Aiki noBlagovest umthwalo uwina.
"serg74"//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=573.0
Namuhla badle ibhulashi lokugcina leLowerland. I-Acid noshukela kusesilinganisweni esifanelekile, lapho emavikini ambalwa edlule, bekungama-acidic (ancibilikisiwe ngaphansi kwama-cherries) ngenkathi enosawoti ngokuphelele. Umndeni ubonge ukunambitheka nokubukeka, kepha hhayi kakhulu ngokwemigomo. Noma kunjalo, isinqumo sizokuba seqoqweni lami. Ngokufika kwezimpahla kancane, izihlahla ezinhlanu.
"sanserg"//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=603
Ividiyo: Amagilebhisi eNiZin emithini
Izinhlobo zeNiZina zenzelwe ukutshala izivini ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe lethu. Inethemba lokuqina okuphezulu kobusika nokuthambekela okuphansi kwezifo, kunika izivuno ezinamajikijolo amnandi kakhulu. Ukunakekela leligilebhisi akulula, okuvumela ukulincoma kubalimi abasaqala.
