Ama-Strawberry, njenganoma yisiphi esinye isiko, adinga imisebenzi ehlose ukugcina ukuthuthukiswa kwayo, enye yazo ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo kwezifo nezinambuzane. Ukuze le nqubo iphumelele, kufanele usebenzise amathuluzi afanele, futhi uzijwayeze nemithetho eyisisekelo yokusetshenziswa kwayo.
Kungani ukucubungula ama-sitrobheli entwasahlobo
Ukuphathwa kwentwasahlobo kwama-sitrobheli kuyasekela futhi kuvikela ngokwendalo, ngoba ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwayo akunconywa ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinobuthi ukuze ungabhubhisi isivuno esizayo. Kodwa-ke, lo mcimbi akufanele unganakwa, ngoba ukwelashwa akuvimbeli ukubonakala kwezifo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokufaka umanyolo ngokwenhlahla kwamahlahla sitrobheli.
Imikhiqizo ye-sitrobheli yasentwasahlobo
Kunezindlela eziningi ongakwenza ngazo ukwelashwa kokuvinjelwa kwama-sitrobheli entwasahlobo.
Amoniya
I-Amoniya idumile phakathi kwabalimi futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-prophylactic ngokumelene nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene (May izibungu, izintuthwane) nesikhunta.
I-Amonia ingasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ekuvimbeleni izifo ze-sitrobheli, kodwa futhi njengomanyolo
Ukwakhiwa kwesixazululo: insipho yokuwasha (1 ucezu, i-72%), ibhodlela le-ammonia (40 ml) namanzi (10 l). Ukulungiselela kungokulandelayo:
- Hlikihla insipho ku-grater bese uthele inani elincane lamanzi abilayo.
- Hlanganisa insipho ukuze inyibilike ngokuphelele.
- Thela umfudlana omncane wesisombululo se-soapy ebhakedeni lamanzi, uhlangana njalo. Amapulangwe wezinsipho kufanele angahlali emanzini.
- Faka i-ammonia emanzini anososo uhlanganise yonke into.
Isixazululo esilungiselelwe kufanele sisetshenziswe ngokushesha, ngoba i-ammonia ivele ngokushesha. Abatheli nje kuphela amaqabunga e-sitrobheli kwi-ukuthambisa nge-nozzle yokufafaza, kodwa futhi nomhlabathi ukuze ususe izibungu zezinambuzane.
Ukuphepha kokuphepha
Njengoba i-ammonia iyinto enobuthi, qaphela lapho usebenza nayo ukuze ungalimazi impilo yakho:
- Vikela ubuso bakho nge-mask noma i-respirator, nezandla ngamagilavu enjoloba. Zama ukungashiyi izindawo eziveziwe emzimbeni;
- uma kungenzeka, qhuba wonke umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngaphandle. Lapho usebenza ngaphakathi, vula amawindi ukukhulisa umoya omncane. Uma ucubungula ama-sitrobheli ku-greenhouse, khona-ke godu yenza lokhu ngeminyango evulekile;
- uma i-ammonia ingena esikhunjeni sakho, geza indawo ethintekile ngensipho nangamanzi. Uma i-ammonia ingena ngaphakathi, bese uphuza ingilazi yobisi. Bonana nodokotela uma kunesidingo.
Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela
Ukwelashwa ngesisombululo se-ammonia kwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili.
Ngaphambi kokufaka noma yimuphi umanyolo, ngenza kahle umswakama umbhede we-sitrobheli ngamanzi afudumele.
Yenza ukwelashwa kokuqala ukusuka phakathi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa selincibilikile:
- Uma ungazange ususe umbhede wegadi ekwindla, bese uyihlanze ngamaqabunga amadala kanye nesithombo semifino, futhi usike nezihlahla.
- Baphathe ngesixazululo esilungiselelwe. Ngokufafaza, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise i-sprayer enezindawo eziningi ezivulekile ukuze isixazululo siphalaze ngokushesha futhi notshwala abunaso isikhathi sokuphuma.
Ukucutshungulwa kwesibili kwenziwa kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kwama-sitrobheli. Ukuze uthole isixazululo, kudingeka i-ammonia ephansi kuphela - kutholwa kuphela izipuni ezimbili noma ezintathu ngama-10 amalitha amanzi afudumele. Inqubo inconywa kusihlwa noma esimweni sezulu esinamafu, ukuze singashisi amaqabunga. Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa amajikijolo, akunconywa ukusebenzisa isixazululo esinjalo, ngakho-ke unganqikazi ukuphinda usisebenzise.
I-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
I-Copper sulfate iyithuluzi elingabizi futhi elisebenzayo elisetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekuvinjelweni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene zama-sitrobheli (uqweqwe, i-grey rot, i-Powamy isikhutha, amabala), kanye nasekulawulweni kwezinambuzane. Ngenhloso ye-prophylactic, kusetshenziswa isisombululo sephesenti elilodwa. Ukucutshungulwa kumele kwenziwe ekuqaleni noma maphakathi no-Ephreli, kuze kuvele amaqabunga kuma-sitrobheli.
Amakristali e-Copper sulfate anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukwakheka kwesixazululo: 100 g we-sulfate yethusi, 10 l wamanzi. Leli nani lezithako lanele ukulungiselela isixazululo esenzelwe ukucubungula izihlahla ezingama-25-30 sitrobheli. Yenza isidakamizwa ngale ndlela:
- Esilinganisweni esincane samanzi ashisayo, kodwa hhayi abilayo, i-powder ihlanjululwa kuze kuphele ngokuphelele.
- Ingxube ebangelwa yayihlanjululwa ngamanzi afudumele ukuze kutholakale isisombululo se-10 l.
Sebenzisa ikhambi ngokushesha ngemuva kokulungiselela. Uma kunesidingo, fafaza ama-sitrobheli futhi emuva kwamaviki ayi-2-3. Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa kusihlwa noma kunamafu, isimo sezulu esizolile, ukuze kungashisi amaqabunga avelayo.
I-iron sulfate
IVitriol nayo isetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngabalimi abaningi ekutshaleni ingadi entwasahlobo. Njengomthetho, isetshenziswa njengesibulala magciwane inhlabathi emibhedeni yesihlahla sitrobheli. Ngosizo lwalesi sidakamizwa, ukubukeka kwe-anthracnose, i-grey bola, amanga ne-powdery hlobo kungavinjelwa.
Amakristalu e-iron sulfate aluhlaza okotshani.
Ukwakheka kwesixazululo sokwelashwa kwenhlabathi: 400 g kafulawa, 10 l wamanzi. Ngalesi sixazululo, udinga ukucubungula umbhede ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7 ngaphambi kokutshala ama-sitrobheli amahlahla kuwo, uthele amalitha ama-4-5 ngembeni eyi-1. Ithuluzi lilungiselelwe kanjena:
- I-Powder ihlanjululwe 1 litre wamanzi ashisayo kuze kube yilapho granules lihlakazeka ngokuphelele.
- Ingxube ebangelwa ihlanganiswa namanzi ashisayo ukuze kutholakale isisombululo se-10 l.
Uma ufuna ukucubungula ama-bush asevele atshaliwe, lapho-ke uzodinga isisombululo sokuhlushwa okuphansi. Kubalulekile ukuba nesikhathi sokucubungula ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga aluhlaza ku-sitrobheli, ngakho-ke le nqubo yenziwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi no-Ephreli.
Ukwakheka: 30 g kafulawa, 10 l wamanzi, indlela yokulungiselela iyefana. Nisela umhlaba ezungeze ama-sitrobheli.
Amanzi abilayo
Njengoba abalimi beqaphela, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi abilayo kuyindlela ethembekile yokulwa imikhaza, ama-nematode kanye nezinhlamvu zesikhunta.
Ama-Strawberry aphathwa ngamanzi abilayo phakathi nesikhathi kusuka ngasekupheleni kuka-Mashi kuya maphakathi no-Ephreli, lapho amaqabunga aluhlaza engakaveli emahlahleni:
- Shisisa amanzi acishe abe ngamathumba.
- Bese uyithululela emthonjeni obandayo onekhanda lokugeza.
- Ukunisela ukutshala. U-0.5 l wamanzi wanele esihlahleni esisodwa.
Ungesabi ukuthi uzosishisa lesi sitshalo: lapho amanzi efika kuso, izinga lokushisa laso lizoba ngu-65-70 mayelanaC, lapho ifinyelela ezimpandeni - 30 mayelanaC.
Urea
I-Urea yaziwa kangcono njengomanyolo wamaminerali, kodwa futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuphatha izingxenye zezindiza zesithwathwa ukuze kuqedwe ama-aphid, i-tinnitsa, i-weevils, futhi ivikele nezihlahla ukuthi zingaboni.
I-Urea isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti evikelayo yokulwa nezinambuzane nezifo zama-sitrobheli
Ukwakheka kwesixazululo: 30-40 g we-urea, 10 l wamanzi. I-Urea ifakwe emanzini ize ichithwe ngokuphelele. Ukufafaza kwesinye isikhathi kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga aluhlaza - kusukela ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi no-Ephreli.
I-Iodine
I-Iodine isetshenziswa isizukulwane esingaphezu kwesisodwa sabalimi njenge-prophylactic emelana ne-powdery hlobo kanye nezibungu zangoMeyi. Icutshungulwa Kwenziwa kusuka maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, njalo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwamajikijolo.
Sebenzisa iodine lapho ucubungula ama-sitrobheli ngokuqapha ukuze ungalimazi isitshalo
Ukwakhiwa kwesixazululo: Amaconsi ayi-10 e-iodine, ilitha eli-1 lobisi, amalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa kangcono kusihlwa noma esimweni sezulu esinamafu.
Eminye imithombo ixwayisa ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-iodine kungakuthinta kabi ukwakheka kwenhlabathi. Imikhuhlane yayo enobuthi nayo iqoqana esitshalweni uqobo, kufaka phakathi izithelo, ngakho-ke musa ukwenza ukwelashwa kwe-iodine nokugqoka okuphezulu kaningi futhi ungasebenzisi ikhambi elihlangene kakhulu.
Ividiyo: Ukwelashwa kwe-iodine ye-Strawberry
I-Boric acid
Ngokuvamile, isixazululo se-boric acid sisetshenziselwa ukuvikela izifo ezinjengezimpande zokubola kanye ne-bacteriosis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalimi abasebenzisa leli thuluzi bathi lisiza ukwandisa isivuno.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-boric acid kukhulisa isivuno se-sitrobheli
Ukwakheka kwesixazululo: 1 g we-boric acid (i-powder), u-10 l wamanzi. Yenza isisombululo kanjena:
- Sishisa amanzi kuya ku-60-70 mayelanaC - ama-granules awancibiliki emanzini abandayo.
- Ama-granules we-boric acid athululelwa esitsheni ahlanganiswe kahle.
- Izihlahla ziniselwa ngaphansi kwempande (300 ml yesisombululo sanele kwisitshalo esisodwa) ufafaze umhlaba ngesendlalelo somlotha omncane.
Ukucutshungulwa kungenziwa kusuka maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noMeyi.
Musa ukuthathwa usebenzisa leli thuluzi: ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi ukucutshungulwa kaningi nokugqoka okuphezulu kungaholela ekufeni kwezimpande ze-sitrobheli kanye nomonakalo emaqabungeni (aphenduka aphuzi abe yi-convex enkabeni).
Izilokazane eziluhlaza nezinyathelo zokulawula
Ukulungiswa kwentwasahlobo kwama-sitrobheli kuzosiza ukubhekana nezilokazane eziningi zasengadini.
Weevil
I-Weevil yisifo esidlekayo esidlekayo semithi. Lesi sikhwanyana esincane esimpunga sinamandla okubangela ukulimala okukhulu kwesitshalo: Ochwepheshe bathi izihlahlana ezithintwe yi-weevil zinika amajikijolo angaphansi kwama-40% kunalawo aphilile.
I-Weevil ishaya i-sitrobheli imbali efihlekile, ngakho-ke ukuba khona kwayo embhedeni kungasiphaza ngokuphelele isivuno
Ama-weevil awathinti amajikijolo ngokwawo, kodwa ama-buds wezimbali, ngakho-ke ngisho namaqanda amaqanda angavela esihlahlini esinegciwane.
Ukulwa nalesi sinambuzane kuvame ukusebenzisa amathuluzi alandelayo:
- Isixazululo sesinaphi (i-100 g ye-lwesinaphi ixubene no-3 l wamanzi ashisayo);
- Isixazululo se-ash-insipho (40 g wesepha lokuwasha, 3 kg yomlotha no-10 l wamanzi ahlanganisiwe);
- amalungiselelo akhethekile (Karbofos, Atellix, Metaphos).
Udinga ukwenza ukucubungula amahlandla amabili:
- Isikhathi sokuqala sisentwasahlobo, ezinsukwini ezi-5 ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqhakaza (imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni).
- Isikhathi sesibili - ehlobo emasontweni amabili okuqala kaJuni.
Ividiyo: Ama-sitrobheli asebenza ngokudotshwa kwe-bivil
Thikha
Ama-Strawberry avame ukuthinteka sitrobheli kanye nezibungu zesicabucabu.
I-Strawberry mite
Lesi sinambuzane sincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukusibone kumasethi we-sitrobheli. Izimpawu ezilandelayo zifakazela ubukhona baso: imibimbi yamaqabunga nokutholwa kwawo kwe-tint ephuzi, isivuno esinciphile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ezithintekayo zilahlekelwa ubunzima bazo futhi zingasinda ebusika.
Isibonakaliso somonakalo esihlahleni se-sitrobheli nge-sitrobheli mite ukuba khona kwamahlamvu emacembe
Ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo kusuka kulesi sinambuzane ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene kwenziwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noMeyi:
- Amanzi abilisiwe aphathwa ekuqaleni kuka maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ukushisa kwamanzi kwe-Optimum - 65 mayelanaC, isilinganiso sokugeleza - 0.5 l wamanzi esihlahleni ngasinye.
- Ukufafaza nge-anyanisi ehlanganiswe kahle kwenziwa kusuka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noMeyi, lapho kuvela amaqabunga kuma-sitrobheli:
- cwilisa i-200 g ye-anyanisi ikhasi 1 litre lamanzi abilayo bese ugcizelela izinsuku eziyi-5;
- bese ufaka amalitha ayi-9 amanzi afudumele nezihlahla zokufafaza eziphuma esibhamu sokufafaza, unaka ngokukhethekile ingaphakathi lamaqabunga - umkhaza uvame kakhulu ukucasha lapho;
- ngemuva kokucutshungulwa, amboze umbhede amahora amaningi ngefilimu;
- phindisela ukwelashwa amahlandla ama-2-3 njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10.
- Icubungula ngamalungiselelo akhethekile (ngokwesibonelo, iKarbofos) kwenziwa kuze kube yilapho amajikijolo eqala ukuqhakaza:
- lungisa umuthi ngokuya ngemiyalo bese ucubungula izihlahlana, kubandakanya uhlangothi olungaphakathi lwamaqabunga;
- ukuze isebenze kahle, umbhede nawo umbozwe ngefilimu.
Isikhala sesicabucabu
Njengamanye imikhaza, i-spider mite incane ngakho-ke icishe ingabonakali. Izimpawu zomonakalo esihlahleni yilesi inkathazo ubukhona bezindawo ezimhlophe ohlangothini olungaphakathi lwamaqabunga kanye newebhu yesigcawu esivela kwesiqu kuya emaqabungeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitshalo siba buthaka bese siphulukana namandla aso okumelana nezinye izifo. Lokhu kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ngoba i-spider mite iyona ethwala izifo (ikakhulukazi, i-grey bola).
Ngenxa yesikhala sesicabucabu, ama-sitrobheni alahlekelwa amandla awo okumelana nokutheleleka
Ukuphathwa kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noMeyi futhi kubandakanya nezinqubo ezilandelayo:
- Ukufafaza ngesisombululo esisodwa kwephesenti se-sulfate yethusi.
- Icubungula i-anyanisi noma ukumiswa kwegalikhi:
- oqoshiwe oqoshiwe ongu-100-200 g we-anyanisi noma ugalikhi uthululwa u-10 l wokushisa ku-70 mayelanaKusuka emanzini;
- phikelela phakathi nosuku;
- wabe esefafaza izihlahla eziqhamuka kwesibhamu sokufafaza;
- ukumboza amahora amaningi ngefilimu;
- phinda lokhu ukwelashwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10.
- Ukufafaza ngesisombululo se-anyanisi husks (kulungiselelwe ngendlela efanayo nokucubungula ngokumelene nesibungu sitrobheli).
- Ukwelashwa kokungena nge-pepper ebomvu eshisayo:
- oqoshiwe ongu-100 g we-pepper omisiwe, uthele 1 litre wamanzi abilayo bese ugcizelela amahora angama-2-3;
- bese ufaka amalitha ayi-9 amanzi afudumele;
- ukucubungula shrub;
- amboze umbhede amahora amaningi ngefilimu;
- qhubeka ukucubungula amahlandla ama-2-3 ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-10.
- Ukusetshenziswa kweKarbofos ekhethekile yokulungiselela (izincomo ziyefana nangokumelana nesitrobheli izibungu).
Ividiyo: ukucubungula ama-sitrobheli kusuka kumikhaza
Pennitsa
Uma amagwebu avela ezihlahleni zakho, ezifana nokukhafulela, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi ama-sitrobheni athinteka amapeni. Lesi sinambuzane asithathwa njengesiyingozi kakhulu, kepha ukuba khona kwaso kuholela ekunciphiseni kwesitshalo kanye nokwehla kwesivuno saso.
Ebuningini bethanga kukhona izibungu zepeni
Udinga ukucubungula amakhasi ngesikhathi kusuka ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noMeyi. Amathuluzi anjalo afanele:
- potassium permanganate solution (chaza u-5 g wefulawa ku-10 l wamanzi afudunyezwe ku-70 mayelanaC)
- ukumiliselwa kwegalikhi (kulungiselelwe futhi kusetshenziswe ngokwemithetho ejwayelekile);
- Ukulungiselela okhethekile iKarbofos (sebenzisa ngokuya ngemiyalo).
Zama ukunaka kakhulu ngemuva kwamaqabunga, ngoba amapeni afihlwe lapho.
Chafer
Izihlahlana zeStrawberry zivame ukuhlushwa i-May bug. Izibungu zalesi sinambuzane zihlala emhlabathini futhi zidla ezimpandeni zama-sitrobheli, ngakho-ke isitshalo siba buthaka bese sibuna, okusho ukuthi sinciphisa isivuno saso.
Sengathi amabhungane ahlala emhlabathini ekujuleni kuka-50-60 cm futhi onakalise izimpande ze-sitrobheli
Ukuvimbela lokhu, kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noMeyi, kubalulekile ukucubungula imibhede. Ngomcimbi, sebenzisa amathuluzi alandelayo:
- Amoniya. Lungisa isisombululo (0.5 wezipuni ze-ammonia + 10 amalitha amanzi) bese uchitha engadini kahle.
- I-anyanisi
- uthele i-100 g ye-anyanisi husks 1 ilitha lamanzi abilayo, thela amanzi ku-9 amalitha amanzi afudumele bese ugcizelela izinsuku ezingama-3-5;
- ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa, hlanganisa ikhambi ngesigamu ngamanzi bese uthela izihlahla ngaphansi kwempande;
- IZemlin, iBarguzin nezinye izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-diazinon - okuwukuphela kwezinambuzane zenhlabathi - ngokwemiyalo.
- Ukuxubha. Nge-mulch, sebenzisa i-sawdust noma imfucuza yamaqabunga enesendlalelo okungenani esingu-5 cm. Kepha Qaphela ukuthi i-mulching yenziwa kuphela ngenhloso yokuvimbela. Uma kunezinambuzane enhlabathini, khona-ke kufanele uqale uzibhubhise, bese uthela umalokhi.
Ividiyo: ukulawulwa kwezibungu zeMaybug
Ukulungiswa kwentwasahlobo kwama-sitrobheli kungumcimbi obalulekile ozosiza ukugwema izinkinga eziningi ngempilo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo zakho. Uma ulandela wonke amathiphu nezeluleko uzoziqinisekisa ukuthi unesitshalo esifanele.
