I-Soviet Renklod ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo ezidume kakhulu futhi ezidume kakhulu zeplamu ezweni lethu.
Izwi elithi "greengage" liFulentshi. Libhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi ezikhiqiza izithelo ezinkulu, ezizungezile nezomnandi.
Ekuqaleni, ama-greenclaws akhule eFrance, eJalimane, eGrisi, e-Italy. Futhi maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, kunezinhlobo eziningana ezinhlobonhlobo ezavuswa eRussia, kuhlanganise noMalume waseSoviet.
Incazelo plum Renklod Sovetsky
Umuthi we-plum - ophansi, ngisho nengxenye yeminyaka eyishumi nambili, awuvami ukukhula ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu. I-plum encane efana nomqhele ifana ne-panicle enamathele emhlabathini futhi iphendukile.
Amahlamvu ayo ajwayelekile, kepha izithelo zithola ilanga eliningi. Amagxolo omuthi ubushelelezi, abomvu-abomvu ekukhungeni kwesikhatsi eside. Kwangathi ama-plum ahluma ngezimbali ezimhlophe ngamagundane okuqoqa nxazonke.
Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zinkulu, ama-dark-purple purple almost flattened laterally, angaba ngu-4.5 cm ububanzi, ehlanganiswe ngombala wokukhanya we-wax. Nge
I-plum yesilinganiso sinciphisa ngaphezu kuka-40g, futhi enkulu kunazo zonke - kabili njengezinzima. Inyama ye-plums iyinhlama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ephuzi, egazini. Kodwa uma i-perezaret, iba yithambile futhi ikhululekile. Kodwa-ke, ukunambitheka kwama-plums - okumnandi ngokumuncu okuqabulayo - akuphazamisi.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Ukuqala kwezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla eziluhlaza kwafakwa ngummeli ovamile walolu qembu - oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, owaziwa nangokuthi iplamu yamaGreki. Waba "umkhulu-omkhulu" wezinhlobo eziningi zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu nasekhaya. Phakathi kwezinzalo zakhe noRenklod Soviet.
Wabonakala esiteshini sokuhlola saseRossoshanskoy. Abazali balezi zihlukahlukene yiPlum Record, eyaziwa ngomkhiqizo wayo ophezulu noRenklod Ulyanischeva, odumile ngezithelo zayo ezinkulu (ezingaphezu kuka-50 g).
Izinhlobonhlobo ezintsha ze-Renklod Soviet, ezibizwa ngokuthi zihlonishwa ngempumelelo yokuzaliswa kwekhaya, basakazwa kabanzi ezindlini ze-kolkhoz kanye neziqephu zomuntu siqu. Ngo-1986, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zazingenelela esifundeni saseCentral Chernozem, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi iRenklod Soviet iye yahlakulelwa ngenjabulo ePoronezh, Kursk, Belgorod, ePetsetsk naseRostov.
Isithombe
Ngolwazi olubanzi lwe-plum "Renklod Soviet" lingabonakala esithombeni:
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
I-Renklod Soviet ehlukahlukene idume ngokumelene nokuqina kwama-frost - akusho ngisho nokuhlukumeza ama-25-30-degree. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zabonisa irekhodi lobunzima bebusika ebusika buka-1975-76, lapho iqhwa lifinyelela uphawu lwama-34-degree. I-plum yayingakaze ihlupheke, ilahlekelwa yi-1.5% kuphela yezimbali zembali.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yezinto ezihlukahlukene abalimi abaluzisa ngayo - isivuno esiphakeme esivamile. Izihlahla zokuhluma ziqala kakade eminyakeni engama-4-5.
Ngokwesilinganiso, umuthi owodwa okhulile uveza cishe izithelo ezingu-10 ngonyaka ngonyaka weminyaka yokuqala (uma kuqhathaniswa: omunye wabazali be-plum ehlukahlukene IRekhodi yonyaka ofanayo unikeza cishe 4 kg).
Umuthi ovuthiwe weRenklod Soviet uyakwazi ukunikeza isivuno esikhulu - kusuka ku-33 kuya ku-40 kg (kanti irekhodi lingama 18-19 kg kuphela). Kodwa-ke, ngabanikazi be-plum-irekhodi ngabanye eminyakeni emihle baletha izithelo ezingu-50-60 zezinhlamvu ngamunye.
I-plums yalezi ezihlukahlukene ingavunwa eningizimu yeNdawo Ephakathi Nendawo Yomhlabathi engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Agasti, futhi phakathi neRussia ekupheleni kwalenyanga. I-sweet (okungaphezu kuka-9% ushukela), kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ingahlanganisi futhi icebile nge-vitamin C (cishe u-8 mg / 100g) - izithelo zikaRenklod Soviet zihle kakhulu uma zisha. Amancane abo (kuphela okungu-3% ngesisindo seplamu) amathambo kalula asuka emlindeni.
Ukubamba i-Renklod Soviet akufanelekile - ama-plums athambile kakhulu futhi abilise ngokushesha. Kodwa kubo ungenza ijusi elihlwabusayo kakhulu futhi enempilo nge-pulp, upheke jam, ujamu. Zilungele ama-marmalade ne-pastila, ama-sauces, iwayini elizenzelayo nama-liqueurs anomsindo.
Ama-plums ase-Renklod aseSoviet aqukethe ama-pectin amaningi, usawoti wamaminerali nama-acids e-organic - babe nezakhiwo zokwelashwa nezokudlaikakhulukazi kungasiza ngokuqokwa.
Qaphela: ngenxa yomphumela we-laxative, izingane ezincane kufanele zinikezwe kancane.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Indlela yokutshala isihlahla futhi kufanele unakekele kanjani?
Ngabe kuphi futhi kuphi?
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala iplamu sekusahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Ukutshala ekwindla akufanelekile, ngisho noma izithombo sezivele zithengwe, kungcono ukuzibamba, bese zihlwanyela ngoMashi-Ephreli.
Ukuthola indawo efanele ye-plums kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ukunambitheka kwabo kuzoxhomeka kuyo. Uma umuthi usemthunzini noma emoyeni, izithelo ezinhle ezivela kuye akufanele zilinde. Umfudumalo futhi ukhanyisa iplamu, i-sweeter isivuno iyoba.
Kuhle faka i-greengage endaweni ekhanyayo, kangangokuba kusukela enyakatho nasentshonalanga kwakuhlanganiswe uhlobo oluthile lokwakhiwa noma ucingo. Uma kungekho lutho lokungcebeleka emoyeni, ungakha indlu yokushisa yesikhashana.
Uma utshala izitshalo eziningana, udinga ukuhamba okungenani amamitha amathathu phakathi kwabo ukuze izimpande zibe nendawo yokukhula futhi imiqhele ingavimbeli ukukhanya komunye nomunye.
Umhlabathi omuncu walolu iplamu awufanelekile - uthanda umswakama-umswakama ongenawo ohlangothini owenzayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanele abe ngaphezu kuka-2 m. Umgodi we-seedling udinga isigamu semitha ejulile. Beka isikhonkwane eduze kwesihlahla bese ubopha iplamu kuyo kusukela enyakatho. Akudingekile ukutshala inhlabathi ngesikhathi sokutshala - ufafaze izimpande ngomhlaba ohlanzekile.
I-Renklod Soviet iyi-cultivar eyenziwe ekhaya, futhi ayihambisani "nabafokazi" - i-cherry iplamu, ameva, iplamu yaseChina. Ukuze kutholakale impova, udinga umfowabo, iqabunga elihlaza noma olunye uhlobo lweplamu.
Ungayinakekela kanjani?
Ukunakekela i-Renklod yaseSoviet kuhlanganisa ukuchelela, ukugqoka, ukubunjwa komqhele, ukuxubusha amahlumela amancane nokuhlunga izithelo. Ukumboza izihlahla ebusika akudingekile.
Ukunisela I-plum idinga umswakama ngaphezu kweminye izithelo zamatshe, ngoba izimpande zayo azijulile - 20-40 cm. Uma lesi sihlahla singenamanzi, sikhula kahle futhi sithela izithelo ezincane.
Amapulangwe amanzi (uma isimo sezulu somile) kufanele sibe ngendlela efanayo, nge-break break futhi ngaphambi kokuba izithelo ziqale ukuvuthwa. Umswakama udinga kakhulu uketshezi oluhlaza okwamanje lapho ukhula futhi udala ama-ovari. Uma unganamanzi iplamu phakathi nalesi sikhathi, i-ovary ingase iqhume.
Ngaphambi kokuphuza umuthi, njalo ukhulule umhlabathi ukuze kungabikho okweqa phezu kwamanzi nokufinyelela emoyeni ezimpandeni.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Hlunga u-Renklod Soviet uthanda ukudla. Ebusika, ama-fertilizer ayenomusa kuye, futhi entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lapho iplamu ikhula ngamandla, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izitshalo ze-nitrogen emhlabathini. Ukubunjwa okungcono kakhulu komanyolo obunzima we-plums kuyindlela elandelayo: i-nitrogen, i-potassium, i-phosphorus kanye nezakhi zokulandelela - i-iron, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-calcium, ithusi, i-manganese, isulfure, i-boron, i-zinc.
Khulisa. Kudingekile ukucwenga amagatsha ukuze kube lula ukuba umuthi uthwale isisindo sezithelo. Kubalulekile ukwakha umuthi ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kwawo. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu entwasahlobo, lapho ama-frosts ebusuku engekho, futhi amahlamvu angakaqali.
Kubalulekile ukusika amagatsha ngommese obukhali obukhali, nokugcoba izingxenye nge-pitch pitch. Amagatsha amahlumela kufanele abe yizicucu ezingu-7-10, ancishiswe esiteji. Uma kunamagatsha aphuma ngaphandle kwe-angle ejulile esihlahleni (izingxenye ze-trunk ezivela emgqandeni wempande kuya kumkhawulo wokuqala womqhele), kumele zisuswe.
Lapho umuthi uqala ukuthela izithelo, ukusika izihlahla kwenziwa kancane kancane - kunciphisa umqhele, ukusika ababuthakathaka, ukuphuka, njengamagatsha akhula.
Ehlobo, amahlumela amancane e-pinch ukuze umqhele ungabikho.
Ukuthinta. U-Renklod uthela izithelo ngokwemigomo: unyaka owodwa ubukhulu, omunye awunalutho. Ukuze ugweme lokhu futhi ugcine amandla omuthi nezakhi zomuthi esikhathini esizayo, kuyadingeka ukuba unciphise ama-plums aluhlaza uze uqale ukuthulula, ukuze izithelo zingathinti.
Uma isitshalo, naphezu kwalokhu, sicebile kakhulu, futhi amagatsha akhula - udinga ukubeka amaphuzu, ukuphela kokumbozwa ngendwangu, ukuze ungalimazi amagatsha.
Emzimbeni weplamu, amamitha amathathu kude nawo, wonke ukhula nezimpande kufanele zisuswe. Yenza okufanayo namahlumela amancane ayenzile ngaphansi kwesihlahla somama - kungenjalo uzodonsa ukudla ezimpandeni zeplum omdala, okuzokwenza ukuthi kuthinte ukulingana nokunambitheka kwesithelo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Enye yezinzuzo ezihlukahlukene "Renklod Soviet" - ukumelana nezinambuzane eziningi nezifo. Izifo ze-fungal kuphela zingamlimaza. Ekuqaleni (ngaphambi kokuchichima) ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ezinezixazululo zethusi kuzosiza ukunciphisa ingozi.
1. Klyasterosporioz okuvame kakhulu eMhlabeni Omnyama. Lesi sifo se-fungal ngezinye izikhathi sithinta i-Renclod Soviet, kodwa kunokulinganisela. Amaqabunga, amaqabunga, izimbali, amahlumela amancane, izithelo ezincane kakhulu.
Izimpawu zangaphandle: Ngo-Ephreli-May amachashazi abomvu avela emaqabunga, afana nomkhondo wemijovo. Bese bebumnyama, bakhule, futhi emva kwesonto noma izimbobo ezimbili zakhiwa emaqabunga, njengokungathi badutshulwa.
Amaqabunga aphukile amile. Amahlumela amancane agcwele amabala obomvu obomvu nomngcele oqhakazile, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi amabala alula futhi ahlasele. Kusukela ekuqhekekeni okugcoba i-gum ephuzi elikhanyayo. Uma ugijima lesi sifo - amahlumela ayomile.
I-overwinters ye-pathogen emahlumela namagatsha agciwane. Izinhlamvu zalo zikhula ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, zithinta izinso - ziphenduka abamnyama, zomile noma zimbozwe ngegamu. Izimbali ezithintekile nama-ovari ziyawa.
Lesi sifo sivame ukuqala esimweni sezulu nemvula.
Okufanele ukwenze
- Ekuseni kwentwasahlobo, susa amagatsha namahlumela abathintekayo izilonda zamakhowe.
- Ngaphambi kokuchichima, ipulaza le-iron sulfate (300 g lomuthi ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi).
- Uma nje amaqabunga eqala ukuvula, izinkuni zizophathwa nge-solution ye-1% ye-Bordeaux ingxube: thatha i-100 g ye-lime ne-sulphate yethusi ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi ngamunye. Inqubo ingabuyekezwa ngokuphindaphindiwe kuze kube sekupheleni kwezimbali.
- Amanxeba lapho i-gum ihamba khona kufanele ihlanzwe futhi ihlutswe ngejusi le-sorrel.
2. Polystigosis - isakazeke ezindaweni eziseningizimu. I-Renklod Soviet ehlukahlukene ingabhekana nalesi sikhunta kakhulu - ukungcoliswa kwamagatsha namabala obomvu kufinyelela ku-30-40%.
Izimpawu zangaphandle: Ama-speck aphuzi noma aphuzi avela ezinhlangothini zombili zamaqabunga, bese ekhukhumeza, abe obomvu obomvu njengokushisa.
Amaqabunga okugula awela, ngakho-ke phakathi nhlobo ehlobo umuthi ungase uhlale u-bald.
Amachashazi asehla awayeka amnyama futhi ube njengamapayipi. Bahlakulela izinhlamvu zefungus. Lapho babusika.
Ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-polystigmosis iyaphakeme uma intwasahlobo idlula. Ngemuva kwezimvula ezinamandla ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, izinhlamvu ezinonya ziphonswa emoyeni zihanjiswe emaqabunga amancane.
Ingozi enkulu yokutheleleka ikhona ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5 zokuqala kusukela ekuphukeni kwephutha. Amaqabunga amdala asheshe agula.
Okufanele ukwenze
- Qoqa futhi ufihle ngokujulile amaqabunga awela phansi.
- Lapho nje iqhwa liyancibilika, faka isihlahla nomhlabathi ngesisombululo sika-7% se-urea (700 g ngalinye ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi) - izinambuzane ezingaphezu kwe-overwintering zizofa.
- Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza izinso, phatha iplamu kanye nenhlabathi ngaphansi kwayo nge-sulphate yethusi (300 g yesidakamizwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi) kakhulu.
- Emasontweni amabili emva kokuqhakaza, uphefa isihlahla ngamalungiselelo anethusi (isibonelo, i-Kuprozan, i-Zineb noma i-Bordeaux ingxube). Inqubo ingabuyekezwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-fruiting.
Ngokuvamile, ukunakekelwa kohlobo lwe-plum Renklod Sovetsky akusho ukuthatha isikhathi esiningi nokuzikhandla, njengoba ubunzima bebusika balo kanye nokungahambi kahle kwezifo eziningi kusindisa abanikazi bezinkinga eziningi.
