Uma ama-raspberries akhula esizeni sakho, bese usho ngakho, vele, usebenzisa iziqephu: okumnandi, okunoshukela, okunephunga elimnandi, okunempilo. Futhi ungahlala wengeza yini: isivuno esikhulu, esikhulu? Ama-berry anjalo akhula phakathi kwalabo abaziyo futhi balandele imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekela ama-raspberries, kufaka phakathi ukondla kahle leli siko elihle.
Ama-raspberries angafakwa nini umquba
Bheka kahle ama-raspberry bush akhula endaweni yangakini. Ukubukeka kwabo kuhlala kulungele ukukutshela mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinto zamakhemikhali ezingekho futhi ezikhona ngokweqile. Nazi izimpawu okudingeka ugxile kuzo:
- amaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza okotshani, athola kancane umbala we-burgundy-onsomi, akhombisa ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus;
- ukugqama kwamaqabunga nokuba khona kwemithambo eluhlaza phezu kwawo kukhombisa ukuntuleka kwensimbi;
- amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi ukusuka phakathi kuya emaphethelweni - uphawu lokuntuleka kwe-magnesium;
- amaqabunga amancane, agqamile, aphuzi esihlahleni - ama-raspberries awantuli i-nitrogen;
- emaphethelweni amaqabunga ajika abe nsundu - lokhu kungukuphela kwe-potassium;
- Amahlamvu aluhlaza ajulile ombala ogcwele kanye nokwakheka kokudubula ngokweqile kukhombisa okweqile kwe-nitrogen.
Igalari yezithombe: Izimpawu zokushoda kwe-Raspberry Nutrition
- Amaqabunga aphuzi anemithambo eluhlaza akhombisa ukungabikho kwensimbi
- Ngokushoda kwe-potassium, imiphetho yamaqabunga okusajingijolo iba nsundu
- Umbala weqabunga le-burgundy onsomi we-raspberry ukhombisa ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus
- Ngokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen, amaqabunga e-raspberry ayeka ukukhula, aphenduke aphuzi, akhule abe mancane
- Amaqabunga aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi ukusuka maphakathi kuya emaphethelweni kuwuphawu lokuntuleka kwe-magnesium.
Ngokukhombisa inkinga, ungalungisa isimo esingesihle ngesikhathi, usize isitshalo ukuthi singakhuphi inani kuphela, kepha futhi sithuthukise ikhwalithi yesitshalo.
Yondla ama-raspberries entwasahlobo
Ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela kwezihlahla ezi-raspberry kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokuthena kanye nokuzithukulula kokuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho ungafeza ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu. I-Superphosphate equkethe izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi e-raspberry ibalulekile kuye. Ungafaka i-ammonium nitrate, urea, umlotha wezinkuni.
La manyolo asetshenziswa ngokuhlukile futhi ngokuhlangana kwawo. Kuyasiza ukwengeza into ye-organic kumxube wamaminerali.
Yondla ama-raspberries ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nezithelo
Uma ukugqoka kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kungenzekwanga ngesikhathi noma kwakunganele, ochwepheshe beluleka ukulungisa lesi simo ngesikhathi sezimbali. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukwenza i-organic ngesidlo sethambo ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-raspberry, esingaqukethe kuphela izakhi ezidingekayo, kodwa futhi sisebenza njenge-mulch yesihlahla.
Ukufaka umanyolo ngesitimu esixutshwe ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 4 ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza izimbali kuzokwenza kube kuningi, kepha lokhu kudambisa akumele kwenziwe kungakapheli maphakathi noJuni, uma kungenjalo izimbali zizothengiswa, ezizothinta kabi ukuvuthwa kwezithelo. Ukuze bandise umkhiqizo, bafaka umquba ngoJulayi - Agasti ngenhlanganisela ye-superphosphate (1 inkomishi), umlotha (1 inkomishi), urea (2 tbsp. Wezipuni) ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Isixazululo sengezwe kufakwe emifunjweni ebangeni elingama-30 cm ukusuka ezitshalweni.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-raspberry kungenziwa ngesisombululo se-superphosphate (1 ingilazi), umlotha (ingilazi eyi-1), urea (2 tbsp.) Ebhakedeni lamanzi
Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza izithelo, ama-raspberries adinga kakhulu umanyolo we-potash ne-nitrogen. I-nitrogen yethulwa ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwamajikijolo. Umanyolo ofana ne-urea ne-ammonium nitrate ahlakazekile phakathi kwemigqa futhi wembelwa enhlabathini. I-potassium sulfate ilungele ukugcotshwa okuphezulu kwe-potassium: 40 g yento iyancibilika emanzini (amalitha ayi-10) futhi iniselwe nayo cishe imitha eyodwa yokutshala.
Kubalulekile! Awukwazi ukusebenzisa umanyolo oqukethe i-chlorine yama-raspberries.
Isigqoko se-raspberry ephezulu ekwindla
Ukugqoka phezulu kwe-Autumn kubaluleke kakhulu. Isihlahla sisebenzisa izakhi zomzimba eziningi zokukhula nezithelo, kuthi ekwindla izithelo zakhiwe. Uma ukuntuleka kokudla kungondli, khona-ke isivuno esihle ngonyaka olandelayo singelindelwe. Isihlahla esintula i-potassium ngeke silungele ukubanda kwasebusika. Isisekelo sokugqoka ngaphezulu sekwindla ingumquba we-phosphorus kanye ne-potash.
Nakani! Akunconywa ukufaka umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen ekwindla, ngoba unomphumela omubi wokumelana nesithwathwa okusajingijolo.
Ngaphambi kokufaka umanyolo ezungeze izihlahla ezi-raspberry, ukhula luyasuswa bese kwenziwa ukutshala okujulile. Ekwindla, ngaphansi kwama-raspberry, kunconyelwa ukwenza:
- umquba ojikelezayo ngesilinganiso sengxenye yebhakede nge-1 metres yokufika;
- umquba - uqukethe izakhamzimba ezimbalwa, kepha uthinta kahle ukwakheka kwenhlabathi;
- ukudonsa kwezinyoni ezibilisiwe nezihlisiwe;
- usawoti we-potassium (40 g) ne-superphosphate (60 g) nge-1 sq. km. imitha Umanyolo usakazeka ezihlahleni bese ungena enhlabathini.
Yini futhi kanjani ukondla raspberries
Ukondla ama-raspberries, i-organic, umanyolo wamaminerali, kanye nemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngcono. Into esemqoka ukuqonda ukuthi umanyolo ufaka kanjani futhi kanjani ukuze usizakale.
Umanyolo wamaminerali
Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuma-raspberries yi-potassium ne-nitrogen, isidingo esiphansi kancane se-phosphorus. Uma ngesikhathi sokutshala isihlahla inani elanele lomanyolo, khona-ke ochwepheshe batusa ukondla isivuno nge-nitrogen kuphela eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala. Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo, njalo ngonyaka isihlahla se-raspberry sizodinga ama-3-4 kg wezinto eziphilayo, amagremu angama-30-40 we-superphosphate nengxenye kasawoti we-potassium.
Emhlabathini omningi, inani lamanyolo wamaminerali lenyuswa cishe ingxenye yesithathu, ngoba i-potassium ihlanzwa ngokushesha ingene ezingxenyeni eziphansi zenhlabathi, futhi i-phosphorus ingahle ingangenwa yisitshalo ngenxa yokwakheka kwezakhi ezinzima. Le nkinga ingaxazululwa ngokufaka umanyolo wamaminerali kanye nama-fertilizer we-organic noma ngokusebenzisa ama-mineral complexes amaminerali (i-phosphate rock, uthuli lwesimende)
Umanyolo weNitrogen
Ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen, inhlamvu yamaqabunga ayinakwakhiwa. Kuyasiza ukuqinisa uhlelo lwezimpande, kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo, kunomthelela omuhle esikhathini sokuqhakaza okusajingijolo. Kepha uma usebenzisa umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen, izici ezilandelayo zohlelo lokusebenza kumele zibhekwe:
- i-nitrogen acidives inhlabathi, ngakho-ke, kunconywa ngokushesha ngemuva kokondla ukufafaza ngengilazi yomlotha wezinkuni ezungeze izihlahla;
- ama-nitrogen aqukethe i-nitrogen anconywe kuphela kuze kube yisikhathi sezithelo, khona-ke ukusetshenziswa kwawo kunomthelela ongemuhle esithelweni.
Umanyolo we-nitrogenous osebenza kahle kakhulu kuma-raspberries yi-urea (urea). Imithetho yokusetshenziswa kwayo:
- i-urea ingeniswa ngokusakazeka okulula okuzungeze isihlahla noma ngefomu elihlanjululwe. Lapho ufaka ngobuningi Umanyolo kumele ufafazwe nomhlaba. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ingxenye ye-nitrogen izolahleka ezitshalweni. Ngemuva kokufaka urea, isihlahla kumele siniselwe;
- Inani lesicelo elinconyiwe: 20 g womanyolo ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi;
- urea ukhuthaza ukuqina kwenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, ingashintshwa nge-limestone: i-0.8 kg ye-limestone yomhlaba nge-1 kg ye-urea;
- I-carbamide ayisihluphi kakhulu ngamaqabunga kune-ammonium nitrate, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa ekugqokeni kwama-foliar: fafaza i-raspberry ekuseni noma amahora kusihlwa ngesixazululo se-urea (30 g nge-10 wamalitha amanzi).
Isisombululo se-Urea sisetshenziselwa ama-raspberries okudla okusabisayo
I-nitrogen ethe xaxa iyingozi kulesi sitshalo. Isisindo esithe xaxa eluhlaza sithinta kabi ukwakheka nokuvuthwa kwezithelo.
I-superphosphate embaxambili
Ukhuphula umkhiqizo wama-raspberries, ukusheshisa ukukhula kwawo, ukwandisa ukumelana nezifo, sebenzisa ukugqokwa kwezingubo eziphezulu. Le yinkimbinkimbi ye-nitrogen-phosphorus equkethe hhayi kuphela izinto eziyisisekelo, kodwa nezinye izinto eziwusizo. Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo kwifomu elincibilikayo kunconyelwa ngokuya ngemiyalo. Ukugqoka okungaphezulu kweSuperphosphate kungenziwa ngokuphelele ngokuhlanganisa yona nezinye izichumisi zamaminerali: 60 g ye-superphosphate, 40 g kasawoti we-potassium, 30 g we-ammonium nitrate ngebhakede lamanzi.
Kubalulekile! Emhlabathini wenhlabathi, kunzima ukufinyelela i-superphosphate kwezitshalo.
Amaconsi enkukhu
Ama-bird droppings awumanyolo womanyolo ophumelela kakhulu wama-raspberries. Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuyisebenzisa ngendlela efakwe uketshezi ekugqokeni phezulu kwekwindla. Kepha njengoba iqukethe izinto eziningi ezisebenzayo, kumele yethulwe ngokuqapha nangekhono:
- ngaphansi kwesihlahla sejikijolo yenza isixazululo semithambo yenkukhu ebilisiwe;
- zizale ngesilinganiso esingu-20: 20. Amaphesenti amakhulu womquba kumanyolo angashisa uhlelo lwezimpande lwama-raspberry.
Ividiyo: ukugqoka okusajingijolo ngezinsimbi zenkukhu
Izinsalela zenkukhu eseqile zingafakwa ngendlela eyomile. Ekwindla, zingafafaza inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla ezi-raspberry.
Umanyolo ezihlala ziseduze
Njengomanyolo we-raspberries, ungasebenzisa izindlela eziyisimangaliso, ezivame ukulahlwa nje: imfucumfucu yamazambane, umlotha kanye namagxolo ezihlahla. Lokhu akugcini imvelo nje, ngoba sibuyisa imikhiqizo ebalulekile emvelweni, kodwa futhi kuyazuzisa ngomnotho.
Ash
I-Ash isetshenziswa njengomunye womanyolo oshibhile kakhulu wama-raspberry. Ibeka ngempumelelo ukwethulwa kwenkimbinkimbi ye-phosphorus-potassium, kuthinta ukuphuculwa kwesakhiwo senhlabathi. Kuma-raspberries, awusizo ikakhulukazi, ngoba ayinayo i-chlorine. Ungafaka umlotha ngendlela ehlakazekile neyomile:
- ukugqoka phezulu okomile: fafaza ingilazi yomlotha ku-1 sikwele. m okusajingijolo. Umlotha owomile ungangezelelwa kuma-grooves akhethekile enziwe eduze kwesitshalo. Fafaza umanyolo ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi noma amaqabunga owomile;
- ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-liquid: ingilazi yomlotha ivuthwe kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, kugcizelelwa izinsuku eziyi-7. Izinga lokusebenzisa liyisigamu sebhakede esihlahleni ngasinye.
Umlotha uhlakazekile ungqimba oluncane eduze kwezihlahla ezi-raspberry
Kubalulekile! I-Ash etholakala ekuhlanganisweni kokungcola kwasendlini inezinto ezinobungozi ezingadonswa izitshalo. Okondla, ukusetshenziswa komlotha onjalo akwamukeleki!
Ikhamba lamazambane
Ukubandwa kwamazambane kungasebenza ngempumelelo njengomanyolo wama-raspberries. Uphendula ukwethula kwabo izimbali eziningi namajikijolo amnandi. Ama-raspberry emfucumfucu aletha inani elikhulu lezinto ezibalulekile zokulandela. Ukubhoboza amazambane kungangezwa inqwaba yomquba, kungavunwa ngo-oma noma iqhwa.
Izithako zamazambane zingasetshenziswa zombili kwifomu elomile neliphuzile
Imfucumfucu yamazambane eyomile ingadonswa ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezi-raspberry. Kancane kancane ukubola, banikela ngezinto zabo eziwusizo esihlahleni unyaka wonke. Ukuhlanza kungathelwa ngamanzi abilayo, bamba izinsuku ezimbalwa bese unisela isihlahla ngokufakwa okuholela. Uzothola ukugqokwa phezulu kwamahhala, okuzoba ngenye indlela kumalungiselelo wamakhemikhali.
Imvubelo
Abalimi bavame ukuzijwayeza ukuhlanganisa imvubelo. Imvubelo inomthelela ekuwohlokeni okusheshayo kwamanyolo we-organic, okusho ukuthi ukudla okuthuthukile kwezitshalo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kungenziwa ngemvubelo eyomile netsha:
- ukugqoka okuphezulu kusuka kwimvubelo eyomile: 10 g yemvubelo eyomile no-5 tbsp. l thela ushukela kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi afudumele, gcoba amahora ama-2, thela amanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 5;
- ukugqoka okuphezulu kusuka kwimvubelo entsha: 1 kg yemvubelo exutshwe ngo-10 l wamanzi endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni. Faka u-0.5 litre wesisombululo ebhakedeni lamanzi.
Izici nemithetho yokugqoka imvubelo:
- imvubelo ingeniswa enhlabathini efudumele kahle;
- isisombululo semvubelo esilungiselelwe sisetshenziswa ngokushesha ngemuva kokulungiswa;
- Isicelo siyalulekwa kuphela kumhlabathi we-organised onomlando omuhle;
- ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa, kudotshwa i-potassium ne-calcium, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlanganiswe ukugqokwa okuphezulu kwemvubelo kanye nokungenisa umlotha enhlabathini.
Bark
Omunye umanyolo wemvelo futhi oshibhile wama-raspberries amagxolo, kanye namagatsha abolile nezinti. Ekwindla, ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-raspberry, babeka izingcezu zamagxolo esihlahla, basike iziqu ezindala, ukutshala izithombo zezihlahla ezinhlamvu ngesithombo semifino ngegxolo lezihlahla ezinamandla. Imikhiqizo etholwe ukubola izokondla ama-raspberries ngezinto ezinobungani bemvelo.
Autumn okusajingijolo eziwusizo mulch amagxolo ezihlahleni
Ochwepheshe batusa lapho kudliwa ama-raspberries, ikakhulukazi agxile ekubukekeni kwezitshalo, esitsheni ositholile. Isivuno esiningi nokubukeka okunempilo kwama-raspberries kukhombisa ukuthi ukugqoka phezulu kwenziwa kahle, ngendlela efanele. Isivuno esiphansi nezimpawu zendlala ziyisibonakaliso sokukhulisa umthamo womanyolo nokugqoka okuphezulu kakhulu kwama-raspberries. Ngasikhathi sinye, khumbula ukuthi umanyolo kumele usetshenziswe ngaphansi kwemikhawulo efanelekile nangesikhathi esifanele.
