Amagilebhisi aseZilga amelana neqhwa: izici zokutshala

Isithakazelo sabalimi bezithelo zomvini ezikhulayo emakotini ehlobo siyakhula minyaka yonke. Izinhlobo zezitshalo zalesi sitshalo kulula ukuzithenga ezitolo ezikhethekile naku-inthanethi. Ukuze ungadumali, cabanga ngokucophelela ukukhetha kwezinhlobonhlobo. Izinhlobo zakamuva zidinga isimo sezulu esifudumele sokuvuthwa okugcwele. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, nikeza izinhlobo ezithile zokuqala zesikhathi sokuvuthwa esifushane. Thola izinhlobo ezahluliwe esezifakazele endaweni yangakini. I-Zilga yamagilebhisi ibangelwa ngokukhula esimweni sezulu esibi.

Umlando wokukhula kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi eZilga

Izinhlobonhlobo zafukulwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-60s ye-XX ngekhulu laseLatvia P. Sukatnieks ngokuwela izinhlobo ezintathu: iMoldavian Smuglyanka, iJubilee Novgorod neLatvia Dviestes zilas (Dvietsky blue). Ukukhetha kwabazali abamelana nesithwathwa kwasivumela ukuba sidale izinhlobo ezingakhula ezimeni ezinzima futhi zibekezelele ubusika obungenamakhithika ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala, ukumelana nezifo, namajikijolo amakhulu amnandi.

Igalari Yezithombe: Izinhlobo Zomzali

Ama-Dvietes ahlukahlukene atholakala ngokubamba iqhaza kwamagilebhisi asendle i-Vitis labrusca, eyinikeze "ukunambitheka kwe-fox" ethile. UZilga wazuza njengefa iphunga eliyinqaba elifana nomzali wakhe.

I-Fox grapes, "fox berry", iyafana negama lezinhlobo i-Vitis labrusca. Ama-hybrid awo aziwa kabanzi - Amagilebhisi e-Isabella akhula endle emahlathini esifundeni soLwandle Olumnyama. Ukunambitheka kwe- "Strawberry" kuhlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwamafutha abalulekile esikhunjeni sebhele. Ijusi laleligilebhisi linezinto ezilwa namagciwane. Amajikijolo adliwe ngamanani amakhulu angadala ukucasuka kwe-mucosa yomlomo.

Incazelo yamagilebhisi aseZilga ahlukahlukene

Izinhlobonhlobo ezinobusika zikhula ngempumelelo eLatvia, e-Estonia, eLithuania, eCanada, eSweden, eNorway naseBelarus; angabusika ngaphandle kokukhosela. Isikhathi sokukhula esifushane sikuvumela ukuba uthole isivuno emadolobheni amancane, esifundeni saseLeningrad, eSiberia. Izinhloso ezahlukahlukene zendawo yonke, amajikijolo angadliwa amasha futhi enziwa kuwo iwayini. Amagilebhisi anamandla, anamaqabunga amathathu anombala; eBaltic uthi isetshenziswa ukuhlobisa ama-gazebos kanye ne-terfort.

Izinhlobo ezingadingi indawo yokukhosela zitshalwa e-arbor

Ukusuka esihlahleni esisodwa ungafinyelela kuma-12 kg amajikijolo. Amaqoqo ngesimo sesigaxa, isilinda noma blade ayiminyene, anesisindo esingama-300 - 400 amagremu. Ngokudubula okukodwa, amahlumela amabili kuya kwayi-3 angakhula.

Ama-oval amajikijolo anesikhumba esiminyene sombala onsomi omnyama okhumbuza amagilebhisi akwa-Isabella. I-pulpy enjenge-jelly "igcwele" ngendlela yesikhwama esinezimbewu ezinkulu ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.

Amagilebhisi okuvuthwa kokuqala, isivuno singavunwa ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Lapho amajikijolo elengiswa isikhathi eside ehlathini, aya kuba mnandi kakhulu. Uma ekwindla sekomile futhi kufudumele, amagilebhisi ashiywe emagatsheni abune futhi aphenduka omisiwe.

Izici zezinhlobo zamagilebhisi zaseZilga

Le nhlobonhlobo inamathuba amahle okutshala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Kungenzeka ukuthola isivuno esifundeni saseMoscow, Udmurtia, Siberia, Isifunda saseLeningrad nase-Urals.

Isixha somdanso weZilga ngamagilebhisi we-isabel flavour

Izici:

• Ukumelana neqhwa. Ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela, ingabekezelela amaqhwa aze afike ku-25 ° C (ngokusho kwemithombo ethile, aze afike ku-37 ° C).
• Ulungiselela inhlabathi ene-acidic kancane.
• Ukumelana nokuthamba, ukubola grey ne-oidium. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, ukufafaza ngamandla kuyadingeka.
• Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala, isikhathi sezitshalo eziyi-102 - izinsuku ezingama-108.
• Amahlumela wonyaka avuthwa ngo-85%.
• Kude, ezindaweni ezibandayo zidinga ukuthathwa okuningi.
• Okungavuthwanga, kungaba ubusika ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela eyengeziwe.
• I-self-pollinating, yakha izimbali ezi-bisexual.
• Amajikijolo amakhulu anesisindo esifinyelela ku-4 g.
• Okuqukethwe ushukela kumajikijolo kungama-18-22%.
• I-acidity yezithelo ifinyelela ku-5 g / l.
• Ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo yi "isabile" ("labrusque", "fox").
• Ukunambitha isilinganiso sokunambitheka samaphuzu angu-7.1 (ukuphuma kwe-10).
• Inhloso ehlukahlukene yendawo yonke.

I-Mildew i-Downy hlobo. Lesi sifo sibonisa isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama. I-Oidium i-powdery hlobo, isimo sezulu esomile esishisayo sinomthelela ekukhuleni kwayo. Lezi zifo zokukhunta azinaso isikhathi sokulimaza kakhulu amagilebhisi ngesizini esifushane sokukhula.

Izici zokutshala nokukhula kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi zaseZilga

Amagilebhisi angabekezeleleki awunazo izidingo eziphezulu zokunakekelwa komuntu siqu. Izigaba ezibalulekile okumele zenziwe ngumlimi

• ukuthola isithombo esinempilo;
• khetha indawo enelanga, evikelekile endaweni yomoya;
• otshalwe kahle;
• ngezikhathi ezithile ukondla namanzi;
• vikela isivuno;
• basebenzise kahle ukuthenwa kwaminyaka yonke;
• lungiselela ubusika.

Ividiyo: Amagilebhisi eZilga akhula eBelarus

Ungayikhetha kanjani isithombo

Kungcono ukuthenga isithombo ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvulekile ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala engadini. Lapho uthenga isithombo, unaka ukubukeka kwaso:

• Isithombo enesistimu yezimpande evulekile kufanele ibe nezimpande ezingaphezu kwezintathu eziqinile. Umsuka wezimpande ulula, uneshukela.
• Ukudubula kufanele kube nsundu, isipikili kufanele sibe luhlaza.
• Ubude bokudubula kufanele okungenani bube ngu-10 cm, ukuphakama kwesithombo ngohlelo oluvulekile lwezimpande - okungenani ama-40 cm.

Igalari yezithombe: izithombo zamagilebhisi, khetha bese utshala

Ungqimba ngohlelo oluvulekile lwezimpande ngaphambi kokutshala, donsela emhlabathini omanzi esitsheni esifanele. Uma sithenga izithombo esitsheni, siyenza lukhuni ngaphambi kokuyitshala enhlabathini. Simelela izinsuku eziningana efasiteleni lendlu, bese sidlulela kwigreenhouse, bese siyifaka engadini amahora amaningi. Okokuqala siyibeka endaweni enomthunzi, bese siyifaka esikhundleni semisebe yelanga.

Isihlahla samagilebhisi esitsha singatshalwa njengesiko lebhodwe

Isihlahla samagilebhisi esincane singatshalwa ebhodweni, umthamo wamalitha ayi-5 kuye kwayi-8 kwanele. Uzizwa kahle ku-loggia kanye nohlaza abamba ukushisa, imbiza enesitshalo ingavulelwa umoya ovulekile. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo sihlanzwa egumbini elingaphansi elipholile noma sidonswe ngembiza engadini, simboze umvini.

Ukufakelwa

Ukufakwa ezindlini kungenziwa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kungcono. Sitshala lesi sitshalo endaweni ehlala njalo lapho usongo lokuqandeka ludlula. Enyakatho-ntshonalanga, lokhu kungenziwa ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ekwindla, amagilebhisi atshalwa inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kokubanda.

Lapho ukutshala kwentwasahlobo, silungiselela umgodi ekwindla:

• Sikhetha indawo enelanga, evikelekile emoyeni.
• Ukujula kwengqimba evundile kufanele okungenani kube ngama-70 cm. Uma amanzi asemhlabathini esondela ebusweni bomhlaba, siwutshala emigqonyeni.
• Uma umhlaba usinda, ubumba, kuyadingeka ukuletha isihlabathi emgodini wokufika.
• Simba umgodi ngokujula okungama-60 cm, sibeka amanzi ngaphansi, sigcwalisa inhlabathi evundile (inhlabathi yegadi + umquba wamahhashi + umquba), futhi simboze ngefilimu emnyama ngaphezulu.

Sitshala ukutshala amagilebhisi endaweni elungiselelwe

Ngaphambi kokutshala, susa umhlaba ngokweqile emgodini, faka ipayipi lokunisela bese utshala isitshalo, usakaze izimpande ngobumnene. Izimpande ze-calcaneal ezisekupheleni kwesithombo ziyakudinga ukujulwa kube ngu-40 cm emhlabathini. Uma ukuphakama kwesithombo kungakuvumeli lokhu, shiya umgodi, bese siyolala.

Sisekela umhlaba embuthanweni osondelene nesiqu ohlanzekile wokhula. Amagilebhisi awayibekezeleli indawo yakwamakhelwane nge-calendula nojongilanga, kuthonywa ngokunenzuzo ngama-sitrobheli, amapani, udayi, izaqathe, isithombo kanye nesipinashi.

Ukunisela

Isitshalo esincane kuphela esidinga ukuthambisa okuhlelekile. Amagilebhisi akhula kahle emhlabathini omanzi ngokulinganayo. Uma ihlobo selomile, kufanele liniselwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Lapho nje ukuqala kwesibeletho kuqala, ukuthambisa kuyamiswa.

Thela amagilebhisi ngaphansi kwempande ngepayipi

Amagilebhisi awakubekezeleli ukuqina kwamanzi. Ukuphambukisa amanzi amaningi embuthanweni oseduze, kungakuhle ukuthi wenze i-groove engajulile ezungeze umngcele.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Kunconywa ukondla isitshalo ngento e-organic njalo eminyakeni emi-3. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amasentimitha angama-50 ukusuka esiqwini esiseduze komngcele, gaya i-groove engajulile lapho sifaka khona ihhashi elibunjiwe noma umquba wenkomo; fafaza i-groove nomhlaba. Senza le nto yokugqoka ephezulu entwasahlobo, esihlahleni esisodwa uzodinga ibhakede lomquba.

Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, isitshalo sidinga i-phosphorus, ungenza ingilazi engu-1 yomlotha ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Ekwindla, kuhle ukondla amagilebhisi ngomlotha; i-potassium ekulo izosiza isitshalo ukuba silungiselele ubusika kangcono. Sizofaka umlotha ongu-300 g ngaphansi kwesihlahla, esingaba zingilazi ezi-3.

Gcina isivuno

Amajikijolo amnandi athanda ukujabulela iminyovu. Ukuze ungashiywa ngaphandle kwesilimo, beka izicupho ezivela emabhodleleni epulasitiki ngesixazululo esikhangayo ezinambuzaneni eziseduze komvini:

• amanzi noju;
• ubhiya ngamanzi;
• amanzi ngeviniga.

Ukubambisa okulula iminyovu kuzosiza ekugcineni ukuvuna amagilebhisi.

Ukuvikelwa kwezifo

Noma lokhu kuhlukahluka kumelana nezifo ezivamile zokukhunta zamagilebhisi, isikhutha ne-oidium, izindlela ezilula zokuvimbela akufanele zinakwe, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle (ehlobo elimanzi kakhulu noma elomile).

Igalari yezithombe: izifo fungal zomvini

Izindlela zokuvimbela:

• Cola umvini owomile owengeziwe.
• Susa ukhula.
• Khipha isihlahla ukuze umoya ungene kahle.

Okomzuzwana sicubungula kabili ngesisombululo se-fungicide (Fundazol, Topaz, Maxim, Horus, Abiga-Peak) noma i-Bordeaux liquid (1%). Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla, ngemuva kokuvunwa. Ekubonakalisweni kokuqala kwesifo okubuthaka, ukufafaza ngesisombululo se-soda (0.5%) noma isixazululo esipinki se-potanganum permanganate kuzosiza.

Izihlahla

Le nhlobonhlobo yamagilebhisi ekhula ngokushesha idinga ukuthenwa okukhulu. Ama-Berry Cluster akhiwa ekukhuleni konyaka wamanje. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, sisusa amahlumela wonyaka nangama-biennial ukuze ahlupheke yiqhwa. Siphatha izihlahla ezibophezelayo ngonyaka ekwindla, sishiya ama-5 kuya kwangama-7 ekuhlolweni. Ehlobo sikhonkotha amahlumela amade kakhulu futhi sikhipha lawo amanye angeziwe. Isihlahla esincane (kuze kube yiminyaka emibili) asinakuthengwa.

Ukulungiselela ubusika

Amagilebhisi amelana neqhwa noZilga abhekwa njengengasembozi. Emazweni aseBaltic naseningizimu yeBelarus ingashiywa kuma-trellises; ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nesifunda seLeningrad, kuyathandeka ukuvikela uhlelo lwezimpande ngokulumboza ngamagatsha we-spruce futhi usike amahlumela ngangokunokwenzeka. Leli gilebhisi litshalwa eSiberia; izindlela ezingathí sina zingadingeka lapho ukuze zivikelwe ebusika.

Ividiyo: sithumela amagilebhisi ebusika ngethayi lemoto

Ividiyo: usike kahle futhi umboze amagilebhisi

Awukwazi ukumboza umvini ngenxa yovavanyo. Isithombo sezimpande siyakwazi ukululama kusuka ekuqotheni okulele engxenyeni engaphansi komhlaba yesiqu, uma ingxenye yayo yasemoyeni ibanda ngokuphelele. Musa ukushesha entwasahlobo ukuze ususe ngokuphelele ihlumela elonakaliswe isithwathwa, liyakwazi "ukuphila".

Ungakusheshisa kanjani ukuvuthwa kwamagilebhisi

Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lokukhula kwamagilebhisi lingama-20- 30 ° C. Amaqhinga ambalwa alula azodala izimo ezintofontofo zokulinywa kwawo futhi anciphise isikhathi sokulinda isivuno.

Sakha izimo ezintofontofo zamagilebhisi

• Sakha isihlahla somthamo esivuthiswe ngokushisa lilanga.
• Ngasohlangothini olusenyakatho sifaka izikrini ezimhlophe. Uma umvini ukhula eduze kwendlu, penda udonga lube mhlophe.
• Sigcina indawo yomhlaba eyomile, sinisela ngepayipi futhi sifaka, uma kungenzeka, i-visor noma i-canopy ngaphezulu kwesitshalo.
• Lapho silungiselela umgodi, sibeka amapulangwe noma izingodo ukuze kufakwe okushisayo.
• Sihlomisa i-groove eshisayo kusuka kumabhodlela epulasitiki amnyama namanzi, ukujula kwawo kungama-20 cm.
• Mulch inhlabathi endaweni yokutshala ngamatshe noma amatshe abunjiwe. Entwasahlobo ungabeka i-spanbond emnyama.
• Ehlobo ngaphansi kwesihlahla sibeka ama-CD - ama-disc ukukhombisa ukukhanya kwelanga.

Ukutshala ku-greenhouse amasonto amabili kuya kwayi-3 kuzoba yisikhathi sokukha amajikijolo. Amagilebhisi angatshalwa ku-greenhouse enamatamatisi, ayibeka eduze kodonga olusenyakatho.

Ukubuyekezwa

Akukho lutho kuwo oluhle. Ayimelani ne-isikhutha, ukunambitheka kungu-mediocre, i-labrusca ejwayelekile, ithole ushukela ongu-21% e-Kolomna, ujusi newayini kukhona i-allergener eqinile, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wonke umuntu uqala ukuluma ngemuva kwe-labrusca, ngisho nalabo abadumisa namuhla.

UVictor 55 (Kolomna MO)//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=414.0

Ibanga le-Iron kubantu basenyakatho !!! UZilga noJuoduppe baphakanyiswa ngempoqo ezimweni ezinzima ngonyaka owedlule, inkungu ekuseni, imvula emini, kubanda ebusuku, futhi okungenani ... kwavota ku-5+. Futhi omunye wabambalwa abavuthwe, yize ihlobo bekungelona elihle. Ngithanda ukunambitheka, engeza ezinye izihlahla ezimbalwa.

UGennady Alexandrovich (Udmurtia)//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=414.0

Kulonyaka ngineZILGA ngokumangazayo nje - iziqubu zinoxhaxha (kuze kufike ku-400 amagremu), amajikijolo makhulu, awaboli, amnandi (usuvele ali-19%), ama-wasps awavundanga ngesando, musa ukugula, ukunambitheka kucebile futhi kukude, ngezwi langempela le-labrus.

Alexander (Zelenograd)//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-2824.html

Sekuyiminyaka emine ngikhula eZilga. Ungaze ulimaze lutho. Kuze kube manje, umvini ugibele amamitha ayi-2,5. Futhi kukhona iziqu ezingaba ngamashumi amahlanu ezihlahleni esihlahleni. Vele, azinkulu, kepha nokho ziningi. Leli wayini lenziwe kulo ngonyaka owedlule, ngaphandle kokuthola okuthile kokuqhathanisa, ngangilithanda, lingcono kakhulu kunasesitolo. Amajikijolo athola ushukela kuze kube yilapho eseqa. Lesi isihlahla sami engisithandayo. Kuyiqiniso, amajikijolo aqabile, kepha iZilga yiyona engenazinkinga kakhulu.

Reg//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-2824.html

Kepha usevuthiwe! Ngaphandle kwamaqhinga okunyusa i-CAT! Lo nyaka, i-CAT ayifiki ama-1900 degrees. I-fruiting yokuqala, ishiye amabhulashi ama-2 ihlumela ngalinye, ayizange ibone, kwezinye izindawo kwakukhona amabhulashi ama-3. UZilga wakhipha konke. Waqhubeka nokuthola ushukela ngemuva kwamaqhwa, ebulala amahlamvu ngekota, emazingeni okushisa nsuku zonke ukusuka kuma-4 kuye ku-13 degrees. Ubulukhuni ekunambithekeni bushabalalile, ujusi ovela ku-berry umnandi nje. Ukuqhathanisa, uVarduva ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo akazange avuthwe, yize ayenamabhulashi ayishumi nambili.

Nat50108//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-2824.html

Qopha umnikazi wokuqina we-Zilga ebangeni. Izinhlobonhlobo zisabalele eLithuania, eLatvia, e-Estonia, eBelarus, eSweden, eNorway, e-USA naseCanada. Enye yezinhlobo zokuqala zasenyakatho ye-viticulture. Ukumelana nezifo nokuqina. SineLithuania engasimbozi, ibekezelela-35 gr. Okuqukethwe ushukela wami kufinyelela ku-18%. ... UZilga uthela izithelo kahle ngezindlela ezinkulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zinezithelo, zinikeza inani elikhulu lamahlumela athela izithelo. ELithuania, kusetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zasepulazini, imigwaqo ehlukahlukene, imidwebo emikhulu. Amajikijolo asetshenziswa iwayini elisha elenziwe ekhaya.

I-Rijus//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-2824.html

... Ngithenge iZilgu kuleli hlobo, umvini usuvele uvuthiwe futhi amaqabunga aba bomvu. Ebusika ngizomboza njengama roses - umhubhe ovela kuma-arcs kanye ne-lutrasil-60 ezingxenyeni eziningana, ngoba uma umvini ovuthiwe ungamelana neqhwa elihle, khona-ke izimpande zizofika kuphela - ama-degree ayi-7.

I-Irinakir (eMoscow)//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=913424

... Amagilebhisi eZilga (isiLatvia. Ukukhetha) akuvikelekile, kumelana neqhwa, kuqeda uhlaza kuqala. Uma unakho kusencane, kungcono ukuyisusa ekusekelweni ebusika bese uyimboza, ngokwesibonelo, ngohlobo oluthile lwe-mat. Ngimane ngehlise i-Zilga yami emhlabathini, futhi angikaze ngiyiqede yonke imvula ngisho nangaphandle kweqhwa. Lo nyaka ngeke ngidubule nakancane, ngisikwe nje.

Owesifazane waseRiga (Riga)//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=913424

Lesi isivuno sami sokuqala. UZilga no-Star B ... Kwenzeka ukuthi kulo nyaka bashiywe ngaphandle kokugadwa nokunakekelwa, bengagcinanga indawo yokukhosela, bengazange besike, bengamanzi futhi bengondli. Baqoqa ama-kg 5. Bacishe bafana ngokunambitheka, nguZilga kuphela owayesephundile kunangaphambili, emuva ngo-Agasti, kwathi i-Star B yaqoqwa ngoSepthemba. Konke kuzohamba kahle, kuphela amathambo akhona amakhulu, lokho kungaba njalo futhi ngaphandle kwemigodi ...

I-Valeria (Isifunda saseMoscow)//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=584&start=780

Baqabula kulo nyaka ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokukhosela, imivini kuphela, iGolden Potapenko neZilga okugoqiwe. Ngakho-ke ake sibheke ukuthi bavuka kanjani, banzima kangakanani.

inyakatho (iSt. Petersburg)//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t= 9038 nekhasi = 11

Izinguquko zesimo sezulu ezibangelwa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke zilungile ngokushintsha imingcele ye-viticulture iye ezifundeni ezisenyakatho. Enyakatho, ukuntuleka kwezinsuku ezinamazinga okushisa atholakalayo kuholelwa isikhathi samahora okukhanya kwelanga. Izinhlobo ezintsha zivela njalo ezingadingi ukushisa njengezihlobo zazo zaseningizimu. Amagilebhisi okuqala obusika aseZilga asebusika ayethembisa ukukhula ezikhungweni ezisenyakatho. Ngokuya ngemithetho yokunakekelwa kwayo ekwindla, umvini uzothokozisa isivuno esihle samajikijolo ngokunambitheka okuthile kwe "isabelic".