Izitshalo ezingavamile ekhaya aziyona into emangalisayo, kodwa zisasazisa iso ngobuningi bazo kanye nemifino eluhlaza. I-Papaya ingenye yalezi zitshalo, ngokubukeka sengathi kufana nesihlahla sesundu esineziqabunga ezinkulu nezindala. Ngokwemvelo, ukuphakama kwalo kufinyelela kumamitha angu-10, ekhaya - kufika kumamitha angu-6 ukuphakama.
Ukukhula imbewu yepayaya
Umuthi we-papaya umquba uyisitshalo esithandwa kakhulu ekhaya, sihlobisa amakamelo namasimu okuvalwa noma ama-balconi avuthayo nama-verandas. Lesi sihlahla asinasisekelo, ngakho-ke sinakekelwa futhi izimo ezikhulayo kumele zilandelwe ngokuqinile futhi zilandelelwe njalo.
Izidingo zokutshala izinto
Imfuneko esemqoka yokukhuphula i-papaya evela etsheni imbewu yezithelo ezintsha. Isithelo sinqunywe, susa imbewu, ugeze ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Cishe cishe usuku, amathambo kudingeka asomiswe, bese elahlwa labo abonakalisiwe.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Ukulungiselela ukufika kungenziwa. ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Owokuqala ukubeka indaba enhlabathini emanzi (moss) amahora angu-12 bese umboza ngefilimu;
- Okwesibili ukugxila kwisithuthukisi sokukhula ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Izikhathi ezihle zokufika
Imbewu yokutshala yenziwa ngoMashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, usuku lokukhanya luqala ukwanda, kanti isitshalo sithola inani elidingekayo lokukhanya. Uma uhlwanyela kwenye inkathi, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngokufakazela okwengeziwe.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuntuleka kokukhanyisa, lesi sihlahla siphume kakhulu, asikwazi ukuthuthukisa kahle, amaqabunga neziqu ziphuzi, coagulate.
Umhlabathi nokutshala amandla
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-papaya, inhlanganisela efanelekayo yenhlabathi ibuye ilungiselelwe: ukwenza lokhu, hlanza amaqabunga kanye nenhlabathi, isanti ne-peat ngokulinganisela okulinganayo. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukulungisa inhlabathi ngokwakho, inhlabathi ethengiwe ye-ficus, eyongezwa ngesihlabathi, iyoba efanelekile. Njengesiqukathi, ungathatha isitsha eside, phansi lapho kufakwe khona amanzi, isibonelo, ubumba obuhle obunwetshiwe noma amatshe amatshe.
Futhi ukhule ezinye izitshalo ezingavamile: i-lychee, ijjube, i-ananas, ikhukhamba-ilamula, i-kumquat, i-loquat.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu
Ukuhlwanyela ukuthatha imbewu enkulu ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha izithombo eziqine kakhulu. Batshala endaweni engamamitha ububanzi ukusuka komunye nomunye kuya ekujuleni kwe-2 cm. Emva kokucubungula, amaphesenti okuhluma kufanele abe phezulu, amahlumela avele ezinsukwini ezingu-12-15.
Izimo zokuhluma
I-Papaya ihlala emazweni ashisayo, ngakho-ke ukuqonda ukuthi ungayikhulisa kanjani imbewu kusuka ekhaya kulula, okwanele ukunikeza ukushisa, ukukhanya nomswakama. Isitsha esinezilimo sigcwele ingilazi, ngaleyo ndlela sakha umphumela wokushisa. Qinisekisa ukuthi utshala izitshalo cishe ihora ngosuku, ususe ingilazi. Amahlumela aphakanyisiwe ahlezi ezimbizeni ezihlukene.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Amahlumela aphuza njalo, kodwa ngama-dose amancane, ukuze angabhubhisi izimpande. Kubalulekile futhi ukuvimbela inhlabathi ekumeni. Isitshalo esincane sidinga ukukhanya, uma kukhona ukungabi khona, ukukhanya okungeziwe okuhlinzekwayo kunikeziwe.
Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo nemibandela yokutshala i-papaya ekhaya
I-Papaya yindawo yokuzalwa yaseMexico, isihlahla sakhula futhi eNyakatho naseMelika Ephakathi. Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho emhlabathini ovulekile, lesi sitshalo asikwazi ukuphila, ngakho sikhula nje njengendlela yokuhlobisa igumbi.
Ukukhanyisa
Umuthi udinga ukuhlinzekwa ukukhanya okuningi ngangokunokwenzekaokungcono ilanga. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, izibani ze-fluorescent zingasetshenziswa.
Kubalulekile! Ibanga eliphakathi kwamaqabunga nesibani kumele okungenani libe ngu-30 cm, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizoshiswa.Isihlahla sihlale sibheke ekukhanyeni, ngoba ukukhula okufanako kumele kuguqulwe ngezikhathi ezithile ezinhlangothini ezahlukene. Ehlobo, izihlahla ezikhulile zitholakala emgodini, kancane kancane zibe nzima.
Izimo zokushisa
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, isiko sishisa futhi sidinga ukufudumala okuqhubekayo, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lika-18 ... + 24 ° C. umoya (ibhaluni, loggia, umkhumbi).
Ukunisela nokuswakama
I-Papaya inamaqabunga amakhulu, kusukela kumswakama onjalo omswakama uphuthuma masinyane nangemiqulu emikhulu, ngenxa yokuthi yikuphi ukuchelela okudingekayo nsuku zonke. Ukuze kugcinwe umswakama ophezulu, ukupomfaza kwenziwa. Umswakama owedlulele awunasidingo kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-papaya ekhaya embizeni kufanele ibe ne-drainage enhle bese igcoba i-pan yomswakama owedlulele. Emoyeni epholile, ukuchelela kwenziwa kancane kancane.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Lesi sitshalo siqala ukondla amasonto amabili emva kokufakelwa kokuqala. Yenza izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zokugqoka okwenziwe ngamaminerali kanye nesikhathi esisodwa njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili, ngokwemiyalelo yomanyolo. Isihlahla siphendula kahle ama-organic compounds: humus kanye nomquba. Ngesikhathi sidinga umquba we-phosphorus-potassium, kanye nokukhula - i-nitrogen. Ungakhohlwa ngesikhumbuzo, ukhetho olungcono luyoba utshani obunamafutha, lapho uthola khona ukulingisa phansi phansi emvula.
Ukufakelwa
Ezingxenyeni ezincane, izimpande zikhula ngokushesha, zigcwalisa isitsha sonke. Kudingeka ukufakelwa njalo ngonyaka ukuze ukukhula kungasheshi. Nakhu kuyadingeka ukukhumbula ukwehluleka okukhulu kwesimiso sesitshalo; ngisho nokulimala okuncane kuyo kuyoholela ekufeni. Ngaphandle kokukhula kwe-transplantation kuzokwehla, ngeke kube khona izimbali, ungakhohlwa nge-fruiting. Isitsha ngasinye esisha ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwesitshalo singama-8-10 cm amakhulu kuneyaphambilini.
Kubalulekile! Ibhodlela elikhulu liphikisana, ngoba izimpande asinaso isikhathi sokumboza i-clod yenhlabathi, futhi uma ukuchelela kunengozi yokubola. Umthamo omkhulu ufanelekile ukuba uthinte izimpande ezinamandla nezithuthukile.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-papaya cuttings
Indlela yokutshala i-papaya house cuttings? Ngalesi sizathu, izihlahla zezitshalo zonyaka owodwa noma emibili ubudala zinama-1.5 cm obukhulu. Zinqunywe ubude obuyi-10 cm, zinqume cishe wonke amaqabunga, zomile cishe izinsuku ezintathu: akufanele zibe nejusi eningi, futhi indawo enqunywe kuyoba ngaphezulu ngalesi sikhathi futhi amabhaktheriya.
Khona-ke ukhula lwenhlabathi luhlwanyelwe esitsheni esinesihlabathi esikhulu samanzi noma i-peat, ukutshala ukujula okungaba ngu-3 cm. Ukumboza ukusika nge-bhotela ye-plastic, ukuvuthwa ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle komphumela wokushisa. Ukufakelwa kokuqala kwenziwa esitsheni 2-3 cm ngaphezu kwesandulela.
Esikhathini esizayo, ukunakekelwa akufani neze nezimo zekhophi elidala.
Ngosizo lwe-cuttings nazo zasakazwa: thuja, amagilebhisi, iplamu, i-laurel, i-chrysanthemum, i-petunia, i-clematis, i-Brugmania, i-plumeria.
Iziphi izifo nezinambuzane ezisongelayo?
I-Papayas, lapho ikhulile ekhaya, ijwayele izinambuzane nezifo ezimbalwa, kodwa zingalimaza kakhulu umuthi. I-spider mite ne-aphid yingozi ngenxa yokuthi bayancelisa isitshalo sesitshalo, babhubhise amahlamvu kanye neziqu, beshiya inzalo yabo. Ukulwa nabo, izidakamizwa ze-acaricidal action insecticides, njenge "Aktellik", "Antiklesch", eziphilayo - "Akarin" ne "Fitoverm" zisetshenziswa. Kulezi zindlela ezithandwayo zisiza ukufiphala amanzi ase-soapy, i-decoctions ye-yarrow noma i-garlic.
Isifo esivame kakhulu yi-powdery isikhutha, izimbangela - umswakama ophezulu noma ukuphola. Ukuvimbela kuzokunikeza okuqukethwe okunzulu okushisa, ukulawula ukuchelela (okufanayo kusebenza ezimpandeni zokubola). Ukuze silwe ne-powdery isikhutha, esizibonakalisa ngesimo se-white scurf, siphumelele kakhulu ngosizo lwe-sulfate yethusi noma isulfure se-colloidal. Amalungiselelo e-fungicide "Hom", "Kuprozan", "Vitaros" asiza ukunqoba lesi sifo. Izindlela zomphakathi zomzabalazo: ikhambi le-soda-soda, isixazululo somlotha, isisombululo esibuthakathaka esibomvu se-potassium permanganate kanye ne-decoction ka-anyanisi noma i-garlic.
Uyazi? Esimweni senye yezingxenye "ze-Indiana Jones", uHarrison Ford wenza ukwelashwa kwe-hernia ye-intervertebral ngejojo le-papain. Lesi simangaliso samaTropiki sisebenza ngokuvuselela futhi ephulukisa.
Ingabe i-papaya iveza ekhaya?
I-papaya ye-fruiting iyinkinga ephikisanayo: ngokusho kolunye ulwazi, izithelo ziyawa, zingabi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ngokusho kwezinye izibuyekezo zivuthwe ngempumelelo. Abalimi bezitshalo, abanenhlanhla yokwanela izithelo zezitshalo zabo, bagcizelela ezimweni ezifanele zokunakekelwa nokugcinwa, khona-ke lokho okufunayo kuyakwenzeka. Isimbali sokuqala senziwa emva kwezinyanga ezingu-10-11 kusukela ekutshalweni, futhi emva kwalokho, ngokwemvelo, izithelo zivela.
Uyazi? AmaNdiya aseMelika asebenzisa isiphuzo sesithelo ukuze unciphise inyama endala noma enzima. Okungathandeki ukuthi yilokho okuthintana njalo nejusi, izinyathelo zeminwe zikhishwa kancane kancane.Ama-Papayas athandwa ngezindawo zawo ezizuzisayo, asetshenziswa njengomkhiqizo wokudla, i-vithamini, futhi njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela izifo ezithile, isibonelo, umkhuhlane nomkhuhlane. Izithelo namajusi asetshenziselwa i-cosmetology, njengengxenye yemikhiqizo yokunakekela isikhumba ebusweni, entanyeni nasezandleni, nasezintweni.
