Ukuqoqa umuthi we-apula kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokukhiqiza imboni, okukuvumela ukuba uthole izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezihlukile zemithi yezithelo, ukunikeza impilo yesibili esitshalweni esidala noma ukugcina izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezingavamile ze-apula. Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza indlela yokutshala i-apula isinyathelo ngesinyathelo entwasahlobo nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokuxhunyelwa okufanele zisetshenziswe.
Izinzuzo zokuhlanganiswa kwezihlahla ze-apula entwasahlobo
Ungakhathaleli ukubaluleka kokugoma embonini yesimanje yezithelo. Otserenkovanie ikuvumela ukuxazulula inombolo enkulu yemisebenzi ebalulekile. Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokufakelwa kwezinhlanzi zesihlahla zentwasahlobo zimi kanje:
- Ukujijimela kuqeda ukukhubazeka kwesiko, kulungisa iziqu ezingapheliyo, kubuyiselwa imiqhele eyodwa.
- Ukuvuselela ukufa, okonakalisiwe (isibonelo, imifantu) isihlahla.
- Ukwandisa ukuhluma kwezinhlobo ezincane zokukhula nokusheshisa i-fruiting ekuvuthweni kwekwephuzile.
- Ikuvumela ukuthi ulethe izinhlobo ezincane, izinhlobo ze-hybride, futhi usakaze izihlahla eziyingqayizivele nezingavamile.
- Inikeza ithuba lokuletha izitshalo ezintsha zezithelo.
- Ukwandisa ukumelana kwesihlahla kuya ezifweni ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane.
- Ukwandisa ukuqina kweqhwa "izinhlobo ezinzima" ze-apula.
- Igcina izimpawu zokunambitheka nokubukeka kwezihlukahlukene.
- Ugcina isikhala ensimini (esikhundleni semithi emibili, ungenza nenye, lapho izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zama-apula zitshalwe khona).
Uyazi? Isihlahla se-Apple singakhula sibe ngamamitha angu-12 ukuphakama. Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zalesi sitshalo (kuze kube ngamamitha angu-2 phezulu) zakhiwe ababelethi ngokulula uma izithelo zokuvuna. Namuhla, ubukhulu be-apple buhluke kusuka etaweni kuya kobukhulu bekhanda lomntwana osanda kuzalwa.
Yiziphi izihlahla ezingahlwanyelwa e-apula
Izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu ze-apula cuttings yizimbewu zezitshalo ezivuthiwe noma izihlahla ezivuthiwe. Izithombo ze-Otserenkovanie zingenziwa kwi-"dick" encane, idonwe ehlathini noma ikhulile kusuka kumbewu.
Kukhona futhi okunye okunye okukhethwa kukho okuthinta izimpande:
Kubalulekile! Uma utshala i-apula emithonjeni yesinye isitshalo, okungukuthi, ezimpandeni "ezingezona zenyama", khumbula ukuthi imithi enjalo iphila isikhathi esifushane uma iqhathaniswa nokuhlanganiswa okujwayelekile kwesipula ku-apula.
Izindlela zokuhlanganisa ama-apula
Apple ingahlwanyelwa entwasahlobo ngezindlela eziningana. Sethula izindlela eziningi ezifakazelwe ezibonisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu:
- Budding - Inqubo yokuhlanganisa ama-apula ukulala noma izinso ezivuzayo (ezenziwe ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni).
- Ukuhlwitha kwe-Graft - inqubo yokuhlanganiswa ngokusika (izihlahla zezithelo zamatshe ngoMashi, ngoba izitshalo zihlwanyela ngo-Ephreli).
- Ukuqubuzana (elula futhi ethuthukisiwe) - ama-cuttings we-jigging (asetshenziswa kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Ephreli, ngaphambi kokugeleza kokugeleza).
- Ukugonywa Kwesigcawu Esihlangene - ukuhlanganisa ama-cuttings (umsebenzi uqala kusukela ekupheleni kukaMeyi, phakathi nesikhathi sokuvuvukala kweso).
- Ukugonywa kwamagxolo - Olunye uhlobo lwe-cuttings jigging (olwenziwa ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Meyi, ngesikhathi sokugeleza kwe-sap).
Indlela yokuhluma isetshenziswa kaningi kakhulu kunezinye, ngoba ihilela ukusebenzisa amafihleki (noma, njengoba abalimi bebabiza ngokuthi "amehlo") esikhundleni se-cuttings.
Kungenzeka ube nesithakazelo sokufunda ngokuxhunyelelwa kwamapheya kanye namagilebhisi.
Ukuthengwa kwezinsimbi
Ukuze uqale, thola ukuthi ungalungisa kanjani ama-apple cuttings wokuxhunyelelwa. Kudingeka bathathwe kuphela emithini enempilo enempilo ngokuhluma okuhle nokukhula. I-inoculum kufanele ibe ngaphezu konyaka owodwa ubudala.
3-4 amaqabunga kufanele abe khona kwi-cuttings, ngakho-ke thatha kusukela enxenyeni ephakathi kwegatsha. Sika isiqu ukuze i-cut upper ifike "ngeso". Yakha ingxenye engezansi yegatsha kuye ngokuthi indlela yokuhlanganiswa.
Qala ekuqongeni impahla ngokuqala kwama-frosts amancane, eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala ebusika. I-Frost ekushiseni okungenakuphakama kune--10 ° C kuyosiza ukuqina kokhuni, yenze ibe namandla futhi ibe namandla. 
Hlanganisa izinto ezisikiwe futhi ubeke esitsheni ngesanti. Gcina umshini wokusebenza emgodini ophansi ngaphansi kuka-2 ° C.
Uma ungenalo isakhiwo esingaphansi, gcoba ama-apple cuttings enqunyiwe kwendwangu emanzi bese uhlala endaweni epholile kuze kube khona iqhwa. Bese uvula amahlumela, uwakhulule emgqeni wamanzi bese uwaphonsa ezinqabeni zeqhwa.
Uma kwenzeka izinga lokushisa lidonsa, ama-drifts ayancibilika kancane kancane, uwamboze ngezinto zokushisa ezishisayo (isibonelo, i-peat noma i-sawdust).
Abanye balimi bayelulekwa ukuba bagcine ama-apple cuttings esiqandisini. Ukwenza lokhu, gqoka amahlumela kumpahla emanzi noma ukugoqa nge-plastic kanye nendawo eshalofini elingezansi lesiqandisini. 
Lapho uhlanganiswa izihlahla, i-pruner ye-graft ivame ukusetshenziswa.
Spring ukuhlanganisa ama-apple: imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Ukubanjwa kwesihlahla se-apula kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu, ngokuvamile efaniswa nokuhlinzwa okuhlinzekwayo. Ngakho-ke, khetha indlela elula kunazo zonke futhi ulandele izincomo zesinyathelo ngezinyathelo.
Ukugaya (ukugoma kwezinso)
- Ekwindla noma ekupheleni kukaFebruwari, lungiselela amahlumela esihlahleni.
- Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, thatha izinso ezilodwa (i-peephole) eyakhiwe kusukela ekudubula ehlobo eledlule.
- Izinso zihluma phezu kwesiqu noma igatsha lomuthi. Leli zwi lizoqala ukukhula futhi lizoba yisisekelo sehlumela elisha kule nkathi yamanje.
- Uma ukugoma kuhlulekile, ukusebenza kungabuyekezwa esikhwameni esifanayo.
Ukuqhafaza kuyindlela elula yokuhlanganiswa kwezihlahla zama-apula entwasahlobo futhi inkulu kubabelethi besikhombisa. Izinga lokusinda kwezinso liphezulu kakhulu.
Inqubo izothatha isikhathi esincane kakhulu sesikhathi sakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzodinga okungenani ubuncane be-inoculum: ukusika okulodwa kokuhlukahluka okubalulekile.
Ukuhlwitha kwe-Graft
- Hlukanisa isitoreji nge-ejensi elibukhali ekujuleni okungaba ngu-10 cm.
- Yenza isikhafu esisodwa noma esisodwa sinciphise ngehora elibukhali. Ukuqagela i-angle yokusika akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa uma uphumelela, impumelelo iqinisekisiwe.
- Ukumboza izindawo ezivulekile zezicucu nge-pitch pitch, bese ufaka indawo yokugoma ngokwayo ngefilimu. Uma kunesidingo, uma ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlukaniswa kugcina buthaka, yenza ukuqhutshwa okwengeziwe.
Inoculation of apula izihlahla kuhlukaniswe kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi nje kokuqala kwenkathi ekhulayo, lapho izihlahla namanje ukuphumula. Ngale ndlela, umuthi we-apula unganqunywa emthini omdala, kodwa usaqinile.
Kubalulekile! Uma utshalwa egatsheni elithambekele, ukusika kufanele kube phezulu. Ngokulandelayo, igatsha elisha aligcini isisindo sesithelo.
Ukuqubuzana
Ukuze uphuthuke umuthi we-apula, uma ububanzi begatsha nokuhlangana, kusebenza ukuphinda okulula:
- Emathinini kanye nezimpande, yenza u-3-4 cm ubude oblique.
- Khipha ngokushesha ngokushesha unamathisele komunye nomunye.
- Khubaza ukuxhumeka nge-tape noma itheyipu.
- Ukunquma okuphezulu esihlahleni esinomgoqo wensimu noma upende.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuthuthukiswa:
- Ngaphandle kwe-axis, ekufakeni i-graft kanye nesitokisi, yenza isinqamuli esinqunyiwe bese uwasika kwesithathu.
- Hlanganisa ngokucophelela ukuhlanganiswa kusitokisini. Ukuze ungaqedi umuthi wokugoma futhi ungabambi iqhaza ekuxhaseni kwawo, ungafaki uhlaka ngokujulile.
- Uma ingxenye ihlanganiswa futhi isisekelo esisha sinamamitha ahlukene, zama ukuhlanganisa ngokuqinile i-cambium ngakolunye uhlangothi ukuze i-lumen ivaliwe ngokuphelele.
- Indawo yokugoma ngefilimu. Ukunquma okuphezulu kwekhasi kuhlanganisa ikhadi lezingadi.
Ngokuvamile sebenzisa ukukopishwa okuthuthukisiwe. Le ndlela inikeza uxhumano olunamandla lwezicuttings zesitshalo esisodwa ne-trunk yenye. Ukuhlanganisa okunjalo kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi kukhona "ulimi" - ukunqunywa okwengeziwe ekunqunyweni.
Esikhathini slot ohlangothini
- On supply of izinkuni, yenza inclanting inclant.
- Ekhakheni lezinhlobonhlobo ezihlanganisiwe, yenza u-2 oblique ukusikeka kohlobo olude. Namathisela ukuhlanganiswa kulesi sigaba, ukuxhuma emaphethelweni ukuze i-cambium ivumelane.
- Lapho ukusika kuqala ukukhula, susa ingxenye yayo engenayo ngommese wokuhlanganiswa.
- Indawo lapho ukuqhuma khona khona, ukubopha ngefilimu yokwenziwa, bese uhlanganisa izigaba nge-pitch pitch.
Kubalulekile! Ungasebenzisi i-tape yokuqapha kulo msebenzi. Kungcono kakhulu, iqukethe izithasiselo ezilimazayo, ivimbela ucingo oluvela ekuthuthukiseni, futhi luvimbela ukusheshiswa okusheshayo komgomo.
Ngaphambi kwegxolo
- Ukusika Nquma ngokucophelela igatsha elikhulu, kule ndawo ukugonywa kuzokwenziwa.
- Hlanza ukusika kwendawo. Hlanza ukuphela kwegatsha legatsha ngommese obukhali ukuze ubusheleleke. Ukuze kube nokuphila okuhle kwesiqu futhi kudinga kancane kancane.
- Yenza ukusika. Sika isiqu eside futhi sincane. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukungena kuwo.
- Faka isiqu. Kudinga ukuphoqwa ngaphansi kwegxolo ukuze ihlale ngokugcwele lapho. Ngezinye izikhathi abalimi banconywa ukuba benze ihlombe elincane e-lobe engenhla yokusika. Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni ukuqhubeka kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo.
- Konke kuhlanganise kahle ifilimu.
Uyazi? Izihlahla zezithelo ze-Apple zimboza cishe amahektha ayizigidi ezingu-5 zomhlaba, ngakho-ke yonke imithi yesithelo sesibili iyisihlahla sama-apula. Abakhiqizi abakhulu bama-apula emhlabeni kukhona i-China, i-USA ne-Turkey.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile
Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwesihlahla se-apula esinamathelisiwe
Imishanguzo enempilo idinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe. Kakade emva kwezinsuku ezingu-20, ama-graft amasiko agcwele uketshezi lwe-cambium, namagatsha. Ngakho-ke, umgomo oyinhloko wokunakekelwa ukukhipha ngesikhathi esifanayo amagatsha avimbela ukudla ekubalekeni okutshalwe. Futhi, susa amahlamvu ashicilela ukuhlanganiswa.
Hlola i-harness ngokuhlelekile, futhi ukuze ugweme ukucindezela ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kokudubula okuthuthukisiwe, kungcono ukuyikhulula.
Uma ukugoma kukhula ngesisindo esisebenzayo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukukhula kwawo ngokuchofoza i-tip.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo ze-apple esiphundu kakhulu ngokusho kwezibuyekezo zabalimi njengeCinnamon Striped, i-Pear yaseMoscow, i-Silver Hoof, i-Lobo, i-Antey, i-Candy.
Abalimi bezisebenzi baqokomisa amaphutha amaningana avamile awenziwe ngabalingisi lapho beqoqa ama-apple izihlahla:
- Abalimi be-Novice bavame ukuthatha amagatsha (ama-cuttings) aqukethe ama-1-2 efihlekile (amehlo) wokugwedla emgqonyeni we-lateral, kuyilapho kufanele okungenani abe neziqu 3-4.
- Iphutha liphinde likhiqize umuthi we-apula ngokugubha ihlumela elivusiwe. I-graft material kufanele ibe yizinso (i-peephole) eyakhiwe ehlobo eledlule.
- Ngokuvamile, ukunganaki ukuhlanzeka, ukugcinwa kwenziwa ngosizo lwezinto ezisetshenzisiwe ezingcolile. Lokhu akumukeleki, wonke amathuluzi kumele ahlanzeke.
Ngakho-ke, ngokugcina ngokuqinile imiyalo kanye nezinsuku zokugcina, inqubo yokufakelwa kwama-apula entwasahlobo ngeke ibe nzima, futhi uma ujwayele ukujwayela izinhlobo ezahlukene zemigomo, uzokwazi ukukhetha ukhetho olufanele kakhulu.Kwabaqalayo, kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela yokuhlukanisa, elula futhi ephumelelayo. Inhlanhla ekuhlolweni kwakho kokulima!
