I-Monarda iyimbali elimnandi nemithi. Lena isitshalo sehlobiso sezimbali esinezimbali ezimbili ezikhanyayo. I-Monarda ine-flavour yelamula. Lesi sitshalo sinamagama amaningi: i-bergamot yasendle, i-golden lemon balm, inambuzane yaseNdiya.
Uyazi? Amafutha abalulekile aseMonarda anezindawo ze-bactericidal nomsebenzi we-anthelmintic.
Izinhlobo ze-monarda
Okubili - Lona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesitshalo. Ikhula enkangala esifundeni saseNyakatho Melika, ifinyelela ku-80 cm ukuphakama. Emasiko lapho kusukela ngo-1656. Kunemikhawulo ehlukene yembala, izimbali zincane futhi ziqoqiwe kwi-capitate inflorescence, efinyelela ku-6 cm ububanzi.
I-Monarda Dudchataya (i-tubular). Izwe lakithi lalezi zinhlobo yiMexico neCalifornia. Lesi sitshalo siphezulu kune-monarda esibheke kabili, amagatsha amaningi. Iziqu zesitshalo zifinyelela ku-120 cm ukuphakama. Izimbali zincane, ziqoqwe ezinhlokweni eziphephe. Isiqu ngasinye sine-5-9 inflorescences kuze kufike ku-7 cm ububanzi.
Kukhona nefomu elincane le-duoish monard. Zakhula zibe ngu-35 cm, ezinezimbali ze-lavender.
I-Mulard hybrid. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-monard ephindwe kabili nangomlilo. Lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ku-100 cm ukuphakama. Izimbali zihlukahlukene.
Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu ze-monarda zivame kakhulu, ngoba zonke zihlobisa futhi ziphunga kakhulu. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamafutha abalulekile esitshalweni.
Lemon citrus ikhula e-USA yaseMelika naseMexico. Uhlukana nesitshalo ukuthi amaqabunga, izimbali kanye neziqu zivumba kakhulu ilamula, i-mint ne-zest. It isetshenziswa njengendlela spice nesitshalo ornamental.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zeMonarda:
"Mahogany" iyinhlobonhlobo yokuqala. Izimbali zibomvu, amacembe aphikisiwe emaphethelweni. Kuhluma ku-frost.
"U-Adamu" unezimbali ezibomvu, ukhula kuphela elangeni.
I-Croftway Punk iyinhlobonhlobo ekhangayo kunazo zonke ze-lilac-pink.
"I-Snow White" inezimbali ezimhlophe ezimhlophe. Ukubukeka ngokuphumelelayo ukutshala ku-single-plantings.
"I-Panorama" ibomvu, i-pink, iphuzi, imhlophe, ibomvu nephuzi. Izimbali zingakhula ngokuzihlanganisa nezinye izitshalo.
Uyazi? I-Monardo isetshenziselwa ukunambitheka izithako namawayini.
Kuphi futhi kungcono kanjani ukutshala i-monard
Ukukhula kwe-monarda akudingi umzamo omkhulu. Lesi sitshalo sitshalwe kahle endaweni enelanga enhlabathini elula, njengoba lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle enhlabathini emanzi futhi enomsoco.
Isayithi salesi sitshalo silungiswa ekwindla, siyihlanza emhlathini, simba futhi sifaka umquba enhlabathini nge peat, umquba, i-potash usawoti kanye ne-superphosphate. Ukutshala i-Monarda kuqala entwasahlobo, ngezikhathi ezithile kufaka isitshalo nge-nitrogen fertilizer.
Uma unquma ukukhulisa i-Monarda ngembewu, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngoFebhuwari. Kuhlwanyelwa ngqo emhlabathini, kanti ezinyangeni ezimbili lesi sitshalo sibhekene nemvelo.
Ngo-Ephreli, ungalindela amahlumela okuqala aqinile. Uma kuneqhwa kusayithi, kufanele lisuswe futhi limbozwe ifilimu, njengoba umhlaba kufanele ufudumele. Emva kwalokho, khipha umhlabathi bese wengeza ungqimba wesanti.
Kubalulekile! I-Monarda ikhuphuka kancane kancane.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva, lapho izitshalo zihluma, futhi amaqabunga amathathu amaqabunga akhiwa kuwo, izithombo zidluliselwa endaweni elungiselelwe. Ibanga eliphakathi kwabo kufanele libe ngu-60 cm. Emva kokutshala, kudingekile ukuchelela okuningi.
Lapho amaqhwa afinyelela -5 ° C, lesi sitshalo sizwa sivamile. I-Monarda bloom iqala ngonyaka.
Ngokuvamile, abafisi bezitshalo bahlanyela isitshalo ngendlela yokutshala. NgoJanuwari-Febhuwari, bahlwanyelwa emabhokisini ezitshalo zemifino, ukuze isitshalo sikhule entwasahlobo.
Udinga ukuxuba imbewu ngesihlabathi. Inani kufanele libe yi-1: 4. Bese bahlwanyela ngesihlabathi. Ukujula akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka 2.5 cm.
Izithombo zihluma emavikini amathathu. Ngemuva kwalokho, amanye amasonto amathathu kumele adlule, futhi izitshalo ezintsha kufanele zihanjiswe eziqukathi ngokwesiko 3 kuya ku-3 ukuze kwandiswe indawo yokudla.
Izithombo ezitshaliwe zihlukaniswe ngamasentimitha amathathu bese zifakwa endaweni yokushisa. Ngaphansi kwefilimu kufanele kube lokushisa okungaphansi kwe-20 ° C.
Uyazi? UMonarda wabizwa ngokuthi uhlonishwa uNicholas Monardes, owakuchaza. Ukusuka e-UK, i-monarda yafika eYurophu, lapho ibizwa khona ngegama elithi "Golden Melissa" noma "i-Indian nettle".
Yeka uhlobo lomakhelwane abangakhetha ngalo eMonarda
Njengoba i-monard isetshenziselwa ukuklama komhlaba, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo eziseduze kakhulu.
Kunoma yikuphi, kudingeka ukhethe indawo enelanga, ngoba i-bergamot yizimo ezihamba phambili zokukhula nokusebenza okusebenzayo. Umhlonyane kanye ne-hydrangea kuhlangene kahle nalesi sitshalo.
Ungakhohlwa ngama-dahlias nama-phloxes. Kunoma iyiphi inhlanganisela nalezi zitshalo, i-monard izobukeka njengendlovukazi.
Uyazi? Ngokwehlukana nokulimala, itiye kanye nokwengezwa komuthi omisiwe noma omusha waseMonarda kunconywa.
Ukunakekela i-monard embhede wakho wembali
Emva kokutshala, udinga ukunakekela kahle i-monard, khona-ke isitshalo sizoqhakaza cishe iminyaka eyishumi.
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, amaqabunga, ama-stalks nezimbali ze-bergamot. Kwenzeka ngoSeptemba. Ukudubula kungenziwa nge-shears.
Kubalulekile! Uma i-shrub ikhulile kakhulu, ungakwazi ukusika iziqu eziningana noma izimpande.
Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, i-monarda iphinda ihlakazwe. Uma unakekela lesi sitshalo, khumbula ukubaluleka kokunisela nokufaka umquba.
Esikhathini esishisayo, uma kukhona ingozi yokulimaza esitshalweni nge powdery isikhutha, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi kwe-monardy.
Ungavumeli izitshalo zime. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-monard ingathinteka yisifo sefungal.
Ngesikhathi sokushisa kunesidingo sokunisela isitshalo nsuku zonke. Kanti futhi ehlobo elomile, udinga ukufaka isikhwama endaweni enesitshalo seqabunga le-humus ne-peat. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ngokuvamile kudingeka ususe ukhula bese ukhulula phansi. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukukhula okusheshayo nokukhula kwezimbali eziningi.
Futhi ukunakekelwa kuhlanganisa ukufaka umquba we-bergamot. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe nge-"Kemira" noma "Agricola" granulated. Ukondla kwenziwa njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili kusukela phakathi noMeyi kuze kube sekwindla. Ukuze i-prophylaxis entwasahlobo nasekwindla, i-Monarda iphathwa ngokuthi "Fundazole" noma i-sulphate yethusi.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isitshalo esibuthakathaka sibonakala siqondile futhi kuqhuma izimbali.
Uyazi? I-Monarda ine-antiviral effect, kuyasiza ukuphoqa nokuphuza ngenxa yezikhuhlane.
Indlela yokulungisa i-monard ebusika
Ukulungiswa kwe-monarda ebusika kubalulekile, ngoba kuvumela ukugwema ezinye izifo nokufa kwesitshalo.
Mayelana phakathi no-Okthoba Kumele uthathe iziqu zesitshalo ku-10 cm.
Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba Amaqabunga awile kufanele aqoqwe ensimini, njengoba izinambuzane noma ukutheleleka kwefungal kungaphila ngaphansi kwazo ebusika.
NgoNovemba kubalulekile ukutshala utshani bese ususa izakhi ezifile zesitshalo, amaqabunga asele nezinaliti.
Njengoba lesi sitshalo sibusika-siqinile, sibekezelela izinga lokushisa eliphansi kuya ku -25 ° C, kodwa kudingekile ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe. Kungenziwa ngokuhlinzekwa nge-mulching noma ukubeka i-lapnik. Lokhu kuzosindisa isitshalo ngokuqandisa ngesikhathi sasebusika saseMonarda.
Uyazi? I-Monarda - enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokwelapha ukukhwehlela, i-bronchitis.
Ukuzala i-monarda
Manje njengoba sesifunde ngokugcwele ukunakekelwa kanye nezindlela zokukhulisa i-Monarda, kufanele siqhubeke nokukhiqizwa kwalesi sitshalo.
Njengoba imbewu ingagcini izimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo, kuyoba nokuphepha ukusakaza isitshalo ngokuhlukanisa izihlahla iminyaka engu-3-4.
Le nqubo yenziwa ngo-Ephreli noma ukuwa kokuqala. Isihlahla sitshiwe, izimpande zisuswa enhlabathini ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi zihlukaniswe zibe izingxenye ezilinganayo. Izigaba zidinga ukucutshungulwa ngelahle elichotshoziwe.
Khona-ke u-delenki watshala ku-fossa, okulungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ukutshala kabusha kwe-delenok okunjalo kuzodingeka kwenziwe eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu emva kokutshala, njengoba izitshalo zikhula zibe m 1 ububanzi.
Ungakwazi ukusakaza isitshalo futhi ngosizo cuttings. Zinqunywe kusukela kumahlumela ngaphambi kwe-monarda yezimbali. Amaqabunga aphansi asusiwe kusukela ku-cuttings, kuyilapho amaqabunga aphezulu efinyelelwa yiyesithathu. Ubude be-cuttings kufanele kube ngu-8-10 cm.
Bese batshalwe ebhokisini elinesihlabathi esinomhlabathi omanzi. Kumelwe futhi umboze ibhokisi phezulu bese ufakwa endaweni emnyama.
I-cuttings enzimpande zingakapheli amasonto amabili.
Utshalwe i-monard endaweni engapheli engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, futhi ngonyaka kamuva isitshalo esingapheli sizojabulisa iso lakho.
Uyazi? I-papaver kabili isetshenzisiwe njengendlela yokwengeza ezinhlobonhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zaseBrithani zetile ze-Earl Grey, ezinika ukunambitheka okungavamile.
Monarda ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-monard inephunga elimnandi futhi elimnandi, kodwa aligcini nje ngokuthokozisa abalimi, kodwa futhi livikela isitshalo ezinambuzane.
Njengazo zonke izitshalo, i-monarda ingaba ngaphansi kwezifo ezihlukahlukene. I-powdery isikhutha kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kakhulu, isitshalo sithinteka ngubungu noma igciwane lesigqabha.
Amazolo kaMealy yi-fungal disease engabangelwa ukuthambisa okungavamile kwesitshalo. Ukusabalalisa okumhlophe kuvela ebusweni bamaqabunga aseMonarda, lapho ama-droplets ayenziwa khona.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhlaselwa kuba mkhulu futhi ngemuva kokumnyama. I-overwinter ye-fungus ku-debris plant. Isilinganiso sokuqala sokulwa nomkhuhlane we-powdery - ukuhlanza nokushiswa kwalezi zinsalela. Kufanele futhi kunqunywe emaphethelweni entwasahlobo okuphethwe amahlumela.
Umkhuhlane we-powdery unganqotshwa ngosizo lwe-biofungicides, njenge-Fitosporin-M, i-Pseudobacterin-2, i-Planriz, ne-Alirin-B.
Uyazi? Amahlamvu azo zonke izinhlobo zeMonarda anephunga lemon kanye ne-mint, ayengezwa ekudleni izitsha nama-saladi.
Ukubukeka okuhle, iphunga, ukunakekelwa okulula nokulima - lezi akuzona zonke izinzuzo zeMonarda. Manje njengoba wazi zonke izimfihlo zokutshala isitshalo, ungathenga ngokuphepha imbewu bese ukhula isimangaliso sakho esizeni sakho.
