Isithombo esimnyama - ikhula munye nambili-ezintathu!

Isithombo esimnyama isitshalo esiyimpande esivele seyisikhathi eside siyijwayela abalimi baseRussia. Kepha akubona bonke abantu abathanda ukunambitheka kwabo okuphathelene nephunga elithile. Ngakho-ke, muva nje lesi sitshalo sithathelwe indawo izitshalo ezintsha zasengadini. Okwamanje, lokhu kungenye yemifino ewusizo engatshalwa esakhiweni sakho siqu. Isitshalo asidingi ukunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, noma umlimi onolwazi oluncane uzokwazi ukubhekana nalo msebenzi futhi athole isivuno.

Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-radish emnyama

Isithombo esimnyama singesomndeni obethelwe esiphambanweni. Lesi sitshalo "siyisihlobo" esiseduze sokwenza isithombo, i-rutabaga, itheniphu, iklabishi nezinye izilimo zasengadini. Izwe lakubo liphakathi ne-Asia Ephakathi, kepha njengamanje azikho izinhlobo "zasendle" zesithunzi. Kuphela izinhlobo kanye nzalo ezalwe kuphela ngokuzalaniswa esekhulile. E-Russia, isiko belaziwa kusukela ngekhulu le-XII.

I-radish emnyama yisiko elide futhi elaziwayo lesintu, lalikhule eGibhithe lasendulo naseGrisi.

Lesi sitshalo sakha irosette yamahlamvu angama-45-60 cm ukuphakama. Imiphetho yepuleti lamaqabunga ezindaweni eziningana ihlakazeke ngokujulile, ukwakheka okuphelele kufana nomrhubhe. Ukuthinta banenkani, "prickly". Iqabunga lipendiwe ngokuluhlaza okukhanyayo nge-grey noma i-olive tint.

Amaqabunga e-radish emnyama aqinile ekuthinteni

Njengawo wonke ama-Cruciferous, lesi yisitshalo esinomjikelezo weminyaka emibili wokukhula. Uma uvumela ukuqhakaza okumnyama kokuqhuma, ngonyaka olandelayo kuzoba "pods" eligcwele imbewu. Izimbali ze-lilac hue ezimhlophe noma ezimibalabala ziqoqiwe kuma-inflorescence e-racemose.

Uma isithombo siqhakaze, awukwazi ukubala isivuno esiningi

Ukuthi ukubukeka kwe-radish kubukeka kanjani cishe kuyaziwa kuwo wonke umuntu. Isikhumba sakhe mncane, sicwebe mnyama noma simpunga, siqinile kancane lapho sithintwa. I-pulp imnandi kakhulu futhi iminyene, imhlophe qhwa. Ububanzi obuphakathi bezimpande bungamasentimitha ayi-10-16. Ukwakheka kuyahlukahluka kusuka kokucishe kube yisiyingi kuya kokuphakemeyo, oku-cylindrical Imvamisa inesisindo esingama-350-600 g, yize kukhona ama-sampim, “ompetha”, abathola ubunzima obungu-2,5-3 kg.

Inyama ye-radish emnyama iminyene kakhulu, ibomvu, imhlophe qhwa

Ukunambitheka kwe-radish emnyama kuyinto ebonakala kakhulu, ibukhali. Kukhona nephunga elithile, okungewona wonke umuntu alithandayo. Kepha kulula ukuhlukana nabo bobabili ngokubamba imifino emanzini abandayo okungenani isigamu sehora. By the way, uginindela uzobe uthambile. Inzuzo ayihlupheki.

Izinzuzo zezempilo ze-radish emnyama azinakuphikwa futhi zifakazelwe ngokwesayensi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ucebile kakhulu ngamavithamini, kepha ama-glycosides nama-lysozymes akhona ekwakhiweni kwawo. Iqembu lokuqala lezinto libhubhisa ama-virus amancane we-pathogenic, elesibili linomphumela we-antibacterial ne-antifungal. Ukufakwa njalo kwezimpande ekudleni kunika amandla uhlelo lwenhliziyo nolwezinzwa. Lokhu ukuvikela okusebenzayo kakhulu kwe-atherossteosis.

Inothile nama-amino acid, ama-carbohydrate angagaya kalula (i-fructose, i-sucrose), uwoyela obalulekile. Kwezinto ezilandelwayo, ubukhona be-potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, calcium, sodium, ne phosphorus kungaphawulwa. I-Phytoncides inika ulaka olubi lwepulpiti, okuqukethwe okuyi-radish emnyama okuncintisana ngempumelelo negalikhi ne-horseradish.

I-pulp, futhi ikakhulukazi ijusi elimnyama le-radish elihlanganiswe noju, lisiza ukuqeda ukukhwehlela ngamakhaza, i-tonsillitis, i-bronchitis, ukukhwehlela okukhombisa okokukhwehlela. Ithuluzi elifanayo linomphumela omuhle ekugomeni, linomthelela ekululameni okusheshayo ngemuva kwamakhaza nokutheleleka ngegciwane. Nge-prophylaxis, ujusi noju ungafakwa ekudleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho imiphumela yokuntula kwamavithamini wasebusika ibonakala ikakhulukazi. I-pulp yashizi izothatha isikhundla sezinto zesinaphi eziphumelelayo.

Ijusi le-radish emnyama elixubene noju luyisisebenzi esisebenza kahle kakhulu

Ividiyo: isithombo esimnyama noju

Imifino eyimpande nayo ilusizo ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla. Ifayibha isiza ekuhlanzeni amathumbu futhi icocise i-microflora yayo. Kubuye kube nokujwayelekile kokulingana kwamanzi, kususe uketshezi ngokweqile emzimbeni. I-radish emnyama imane ingenakubekelwa indawo lapho kuthambekela khona ku-edema. Futhi ijusi elibukhali le-caustic lingancibilikisa amatshe amancane ezinso nasezihlathini zenyongo. Yaziwa nangokuthi i-choleretic enhle.

Isithombo esimnyama sisetshenziswa futhi ku-cosmetology. Ijusi lakhe, uma lingezwelwa ukuhlanza amanzi, lenza kusebenze ukunikezwa kwegazi esikhumbeni, okuthi nalo lisebenze ukukhula kwezinwele. Ingabuye igcotshwe emigodini yezipikili ukuqinisa nokuvumelanisa ipuleti. I-tincture yotshwala isetshenziselwa ukulwa nomqubuko, amathumba, amabala nezinye izinkinga ngesikhumba sobuso.

Ijusi le-radish emnyama isetshenziswa kabanzi hhayi emithini yendabuko, kodwa futhi ku-cosmetology

Isigaxa esivela epulpeni sisetshenziselwa imihuzuko, ukulimala, ukuvuvukala, ezinye izindawo ezilimele, uma kungekho monakalo esikhunjeni. Akugcini nje ngokudambisa izinhlungu, kepha futhi kunomthelela ekwelashweni kwabo okusheshayo. Futhi uma ulungiselela i-decoction kuyo, ungakwazi futhi ukudambisa izinyo.

Ividiyo: izinzuzo zezempilo ze-radish emnyama

Izilimo ze-Root zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphekeni. Isithombo esimnyama siyingxenye yamasaladi amaningi, ama-appetizer. Imifino ethandwa kakhulu e-Asia. Iphinde yengezwe kumasobho, izitsha eziphambili (imvamisa inyama), izitsha eziseceleni ukuze zinikeze izinongo. Ungaguqula isithombo esimnyama size sibe isiphuzo uma usisika sibe izingcezu ezincanyana bese uthela uju oluwuketshezi.

Inzuzo enkulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-radish emnyama entsha

Naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo ezingaba khona, isithombo esimnyama kufanele singafakwa ekudleni lapho sikhona noma yisiphi isifo sohlelo lokugaya okungamahlalakhona, ikakhulukazi izilonda kanye ne-gastritis. Kuyenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuthi kudliwe izimpande zezitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula kwawo. Ngokucophelela kufanelekile ukusebenzisa isithombo kulabo abaphethwe yi-myocardial infarction noma unhlangothi, ikakhulukazi uma lokhu kwenzeka kamuva nje. Kuyaqabukela, kepha nokho ukubekezelela ngakunye kwenzeka. Kungcono ukuzama imifino yezimpande ezingxenyeni ezincane uma wazi ukuthi unenkambiso yokungezwani komzimba.

Musa ukuthathwa kakhulu nge-radish emnyama phambi kwezinkinga nge-enamel yezinyo nokuzwela kwayo okwandayo. Futhi, kuyadingeka ukwenqaba ukudla imifino yezimpande kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhulelwa, ukuze ungakhuphi ukuphuphuma kwesisu. Kodwa ukuncelisa ibele kunganconywa uma kwenzeka uphelelwa ubisi.

Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele udle isithombo esimnyama esiswini esingenalutho. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kwenzeka ukuqhekeka okukhulu, mhlawumbe ukuqhakaza.

Ngaphezu kobumnyama, kusekhona isithombo esiluhlaza nokumhlophe. Esokuqala izinhlobonhlobo ezizaliswayo zedolobha lase-Uzbek eMargilan. Yaziwa nangokuthi ibunzi. Ukunambitheka kwakhe kuthambile kakhulu, akubukhali kakhulu futhi ngaphandle komunyu. I-pulp ayinzima futhi iminyene, iluhlaza okotshani. I-peel ipendiwe kuzo zonke izithunzi zombala ofanayo - ukusuka kwisaladi kuya ku-emerald ekhanyayo. Isithombo esiluhlaza sinekhalori encane futhi siqukethe uvithamini A. Ukuphela kokwephulwa kokusetshenziswa kwaso ukusabela komzimba.

Kukhona cishe akukho mibimbi yokusetshenziswa kwesithombo esiluhlaza

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo isithombo esimhlophe yiJapan. Yaziwa nangokuthi i-daikon. Kuboniswa ukunambitheka kwenyama okubukhali. Isikhumba simhlophe noma ukhilimu. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kuphansi kakhulu, kanti i-daikon ngokuqhathaniswa ne-radish emnyama iqukethe amavithamini amaningi.

I-radish emhlophe ayinazo ngokuphelele isimilo sokuthukuthela okumnyama

Izinhlobonhlobo ezidumile phakathi kwabalimi

Azikho izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu ze-radish emnyama. Lezi izinhlobo ikakhulukazi zokuvuthwa sekwephuzile okuhloswe ngazo ukugcina isikhathi eside. Kepha kunezinhlobo zokuvuthwa kokuqala nangaphakathi. Ngokuvamile, abalimi baseRussia bakhulisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Ubusika obujikelezayo bumnyama. Uhlobo oludala olufanele kahle, olwakhiwe emuva e-USSR, eminyakeni yama-50 yekhulu lamashumi amabili. Umunyu omenyezelwe wokunambitheka ubangelwa ukugcwala okukhulu kawoyela lwesinaphi ebalulekile. Izilimo eziyizimpande zibuye zibonakale ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kosawoti wamaminerali. Ukuvunwa kungavunwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-75-100 ngemuva kokuvela, izinhlobonhlobo zingokwesigaba sokufika sekwephuzile. Isisindo esilinganiswayo sesitshalo sezimpande singama-250-500 g.I pulp iminyene kakhulu. Impilo yamashalofu ephansi izinyanga eziyisithupha. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene zobusika obumnyama obumnyama. Ukusuka kokuchaziwe, akufani nhlobo kunoma yini ngaphandle kwesimo sezitshalo ezimpande kanye ne-pulrous more pulp.
• UMurzilka. Ibanga sekwephuzile. Isikhathi sokukhula siyizinsuku ezingama-90-100. Izitshalo ezidwetshiwe ngesimo sebhola cishe elijwayelekile, hhayi esikhulu kakhulu (9 cm cm ubukhulu no-225-300 g ngesisindo). Isikhumba siqinile, sinephunga elimhlophe. Ipulpula alikhali kakhulu. Isithombo salezi zinhlobonhlobo sigcinwa kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
• Okusalungiswa. Ukuvuna kuvuthwa ngezinsuku eziyi-100-110, izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa njengezikhathi sekwedlule isikhathi. Isitshalo sezimpande sakhiwe ngesigaxa, sinesisindo esingama-250 g.Izimpawu zomuntu ngamunye zithola ubunzima obungama 340-370 g. Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ziyabongwa ngokubonakala okuhle kwezithelo, ukubusheleleka kwazo, nekhwalithi enhle yokugcina. Inyama iyathambile impela, imnandi.
• Ubusuku. Impumelelo yakamuva eyenziwe abafuyi bezitshalo. Ukuvuthwa okuhlukahlukene. Ukuvunwa kungavunwa izinsuku ezingama-68-75 ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo. Izilimo eziyizimpande zincinci (180-220 g), kepha zihlukile ngokunambitheka okuhle. Isithombo siyindilinga, isicaba kancane. Isikhumba simnyama mnyama. Inyama ibukhali kancane, icrispy, inejusi kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ngokugcina ikhwalithi nokuhamba.
• Owesifazane omnyama. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa okusha, kanye nokugcinwa isikhathi eside. Ukuvuna kuvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-90-95. Izitshalo zomsuka ziyindilinga ebanzi noma ziyindilinga. Isisindo siyehluka kusuka ku-140 g kuya ku-300 g. Ukunambitheka akukubi, kepha akukho lutho oluvelele. Inyama imhlophe ukhilimu omhlophe.
• Udrako omnyama. Inoveli lokukhetha elangena kwiRegional State yeRussian Federation kuphela ngonyaka wezi-2015. Izinhlobonhlobo zinesikhathi sokuvuthwa okuphakathi, isivuno sivuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-58-65. Izilimo zezimpande ziphakeme (12-17 cm nge ububanzi ka 4-5 cm), zincane impela, zibukisisa zaya ezansi. Ukunambitha kusemqoka. Isisindo esijwayelekile se-radish singama-325 g. I-pulp iminyene, kepha inejusi kakhulu.
• Umphilisi. Ibanga lesizini ephakathi. Izitshalo ezimpande zivuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-75-80. Isithombo sisicishe sizungeze, sinesisindo esingama-260 g. Ukunambitheka kuhle. Ukukhiqiza muhle kakhulu - 4.2-4.5 kg / m². Ingagcinwa bonke ubusika.
• INdlovukazi yamaSpades. Ukuvuna kuvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-60-70 ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo. Izilimo zezimpande zidluliselwa ngobude, ngesimo sesilinda. Isisindo esijwayelekile se-radish singama-300-500 g. Inyama ibukhali kancane. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu - 4-6 kg / m². Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana nokudubula, ngisho nangasemuva "kwezihlobo" zimele ukugcinwa kwazo okuphansi.
• Grayvoronskaya. Olunye uhlobo oluhlolwe isikhathi eside olufakiwe kwiRegistry Yombuso eminyakeni engama-60s edlule. Izithelo zidlulisiwe, isisindo esijwayelekile silinganiselwa ku-300 g.Izinhlobonhlobo zaziswa kakhulu ngokuzithoba, ngaphandle kokulimala okuningi kuthola ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kanye namaconsi alo abukhali. Le radish ilungele ukugcinwa isikhathi eside.
• Isilinda. Izinhlobonhlobo azihlukaniswa ngekhwalithi yazo yokugcina, ngisho nerejista Yombuso inconyelwe ukusetshenziswa okusha. Ukuvuna kuvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-62-73. Izilimo zezimpande ziyagudluzwa, ngesihloko esikhombe. Isikhumba simanzi, sigcwalisiwe simnyama. Isisindo esijwayelekile sezithelo singu-170-210 g. Ukunambitheka akukubi, kepha akuvelele. Ukukhiqiza nakho kuyisilinganiso - 1.7-3.6 kg / m². Izithelo empeleni aziqhekeki.
• Ulwandle Olumnyama. Enye yezinhlobo zokuqala. Ukuvuna kuvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-65-70. Isitshalo sezimpande sisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo (200-250 g), cishe siyindilinga. Izinhlobo zomuntu ngamunye zifinyelela isisindo esingu-500 g noma ngaphezulu. Ukunambitheka kwe-pulp kubukhali, kucwebe. Isivuno esijwayelekile singu-3.8-4.3 kg / m².

Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobo ezinsundu ezimnyama ezithandwayo phakathi kwabalimi

Inqubo yokwehlukanisa kanye nezinqubo ezidingekayo zokulungiselela

Isithombo esimnyama asizithobi ngokweqile. Lokhu kuyasebenza nezimo ezikhulayo. Kepha ukuze uthole ukuvuna okuningi, kunconywa ukuthi ulalele "izimfuneko" zesiko lelo. Ngemuva kwakho konke ubeka phambili hhayi eziningi zazo.

Lesi sitshalo simelana nemithi eqandayo, ngakho-ke, siyakwazi ukutshala ezindaweni eziningi eRussia, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo se-Arctic. Imbewu imila kakade ekushiseni kwe-3-5ºС. Izitshalo (ngisho nezithombo ezincane) azesabi ukudonsa ngamakhaza kuya ku-6 ° C. Kodwa-ke, amazinga okushisa aphansi angadala ukudubula. Izinhlobo zabantu abadala zizizwa zingcono ku-15-18ºС.

Ukuthola isivuno esiningi sombala omnyama kungenzeka kuphela lapho izitshalo zinokukhanya okwanele kwelanga

Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, udinga ukukhetha kahle isikhathi sokufika. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesithombo isitshalo sezinsuku ezifushane. Uma ethola ukukhanya okuningi kunesidingo, cishe uzongena emcibishweni. Isitshalo sanele amahora ayi-10-12 ngosuku.

Ukugwema lokhu, lapho isimo sezulu sivumela khona, imbewu itshalwe engadini eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala ka-Ephreli noma ngisho nasekupheleni kukaMashi, ukuvuna kusondele maphakathi nehlobo. Kepha ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia lokhu akunakwenzeka ngobuchwepheshe. Inhlabathi nje ayinaso isikhathi sokuncibilikisa. E-Urals, eMpumalanga Ekude, eSiberia, isithombo sitshalwa lapho usuku seluvele selubunile, okungukuthi, ngemuva kwenkathi yasehlobo (umnqamulajuqu kaJulayi 15). Abantu batusa ukutshala isithombo isonto lonke ngemuva kweholide lesonto kaZiqu-zintathu. Izimpande zezimpande zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba noma ngo-Okthoba. Ukuzilolonga kukhombisa ukuthi isithombo esinjalo sibukhali kancane kunokuvunwa ehlobo.

Izithombo ezikhulayo ze-radish emnyama azenzeki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiko alikubekezeleli ukukha kanye nokufakelwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile. Umbhede udinga ukulungiswa ekwindla.

Indawo ekhethiwe yambiwa yajula ngefosholo elilodwa le-bayonet. Kungcono ukuthi indawo le ilanga. Isithombo esimnyama sisinda ngempumelelo emthunzini oyingxenye, kepha ukuntuleka kokukhanya kuholela ekuqothulweni nasekubuyeni kwezitshalo zezimpande. Izitshalo azesabi imimoya nokusalungiswa.

I-aeration enhle ingenye yezidingo ezimbalwa zokuthi isithombo esimnyama size ngekhwalithi yenhlabathi, ngakho-ke inhlabathi kumele ibiwe ngokucophelela

Inketho enhle yesiko i-substrate evulekile, kodwa enempilo, evumela ukuthi amanzi nomoya kudlule kahle. Lokhu, ngokwesibonelo, i-sierozem ne-loam. Kepha isithombo esimnyama sibekezelela inhlabathi cishe yanoma iliphi ikhwalithi, ngaphandle kwe-acidified ne-saline. Futhi uma owokuqala usengalungiswa ngokungeza ukhilimu osikiwe, ufulawa we-dolomite, ochotshoziwe kusimo se-chalk powder noma igobolondo lamaqanda aluhlaza, ke esimweni sesibili kufanele ubheke indawo entsha. Ngokufanayo, kuyalulekwa ukwenza uma amanzi asemhlabathini esondela kakhulu ebusweni. Yize kunjalo kuleli cala, kungonga ukwakhiwa kwamagquma aphezulu (okungenani ama-40-45 cm).

Ufulawa weDolomite - i-deoxidizer yemvelo yenhlabathi, ngokusho komthamo onconyiwe, awunemiphumela emibi

Uma ngaphambi kwalapho noma yisiphi isivuno semifino sitshaliwe engadini, inhlabathi ayikwazi ukuvundiswa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uzodinga i-humus (2-3 kg / m²), i-superphosphate elula (i-10-12 g / m²) ne-potassium sulfate (6-8 g / m²). Ukusuka ekugqokeni okungaphezulu kwemvelo, kungasetjwa umlotha wezinkuni (ingilazi nge-1 m²). Umanyolo awusetshenziswanga ngasikhathi sinye ne-deoxidizer, kepha ngemuva kokulinda amasonto angama-2-2,5 ngemuva kokuletha ibhalansi ye-acid ukungathathi hlangothi. Umquba omusha awulungele ngokuphelele isiko.Uma uyifaka engadini, izothinta kabi ukunambitheka kwezilimo zezimpande, zingaphuka. Futhi kuyindawo enhle yokuzalela yamagciwane kwezifo eziningi nezibungu zezinambuzane eziyingozi.

Humus - ikhambi lemvelo lokwandisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi

Izinhlobo eziningi zesithombo zingama mpande zezitshalo ezinkulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngayinye yazo kufanele inikezwe indawo edingekayo yokudla okunempilo. Uma ayindilinga noma esondelene nalokho, izimbobo zombhede zenziwa ngokuphumula okungama-20-25 cm, kugcina umugqa wokukleliswa okungenani kuka-40 cm. Lapho ukutshala imbewu yezitshalo zezimpande ze-cylindrical, ibanga phakathi kwazo lingancishiswa ngo-4-5 cm. Ukulondoloza isikhala embhedeni, kumnyama isithombo sitshalwa kuphethini lokuhlola. "Ukugoqeka" ngokweqile kuphoqa ukudubula.

Isikhathi esiphakathi kwezitshalo kumele sanele ukuze isivuno ngasinye sezimpande sinikezwe nendawo edingekayo yokudla okunempilo

Abanduleli abahle bangama-radish abamnyama bacishe babe yimiphi imifino nezitshalo ezimpande ngaphandle kokuthi "izihlobo" zayo ezivela emindenini i-Cruciferous, i-horseradish, iqabunga kanye nama-beet ajwayelekile, izaqathi. Uma ukujikeleza kwezilimo kungabhekwa, ubungozi bokuthola izifo nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane kukhuphuka kakhulu. Uma singekho isikhala esanele esakhiweni, "ungangeza" isiko kumatamatisi, ukhukhamba, u-anyanisi, ugarliki, amazambane.

Isithombo sisandulelo esibi sedatha emnyama, njengamanye amaCrciferous

Imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe ngaphambi kokutshala. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhluma kanye nokubulala amagciwane. Uma uthenga, naka usuku lokuphelelwa isikhathi. Imbewu engaphezulu kweminyaka eyisithupha ayifanele ukutshala. Ambalwa kuphela awo ayohluma.

Imbewu yesithunzi esimnyama ihlala isebenza iminyaka eyisithupha

Okokuqala, adinga ukufakwa kwisisombululo se-sodium chloride (8-10 g / l) cishe imizuzu engu-15 ukuya ku-201. Ukuntanta ebusweni, ungasilahla masinyane - leli igobolondo elingenalutho lapho kungekho gciwane. Ezinye ezisele zomisiwe futhi zivinjelwa ngesihlungo esihle, zikhetha izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu.

Ukufaka isaline kusiza ukulahla imbewu "engaphansi" kwayo

Imbewu enjalo ihlanganiswa ngezicubu ezanyiswe ngamanzi afudumele noma isisombululo se-biostimulant. Njengoba yoma, ivame ukuthambisa kabusha futhi. Ukusuka kumalungiselelo athengwe esitolo, u-Epin, potateum humate, iZircon angasetshenziswa. Ayikho amakhambi amabi kakhulu futhi abantu - ijusi le-aloe, acid acid, isiraphu yoju. Imbewu igcinwa ifudumele kuze kube yilapho iqhuma.

Isigaba sokugcina ukungabulawa magciwane. Amanzi afakwa emanzini kosuku ngokufakwa kwamakristalu amaningana e-potanganum permanganate (kuya ku-pink hue ophuzi). Unganciphisa isikhathi sokucubungula sibe yimizuzu engu-15 ukuya ku-20 uma usebenzisa noma isiphi isikhunta semvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo (Alirin-B, Tiovit-Jet, Bayleton, Baikal-EM).

Isixazululo se-potassium permanganate - esinye sezibulala magciwane esivame kakhulu

Isithombo esimnyama sitshalwe emhlabathini, sikhethe usuku olomile olomile. Imbewu inkulu impela, ngakho-ke akufanele kube nenkinga ngalokhu. Inhlabathi ngaphambi nangemva kokutshala isithombo esimnyama simunyiswa ngokulinganayo. Bangcwatshwa emhlabathini ngobukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-2-3. Ukusuka phezulu, izimbobo zifafazwa ngosoqweqwe oluncanyana lomhlabathi ovundile noma i-humus exutshwe nesihlabathi. Abanye abalimi batusa ukusebenzisa ingadi yonke insimu, kepha lokhu akudingekile. Ngemuva kwalokho inhlabathi ihlanganiswa kancane bese umbhede uvaliwe ngefilimu yepulasitiki. Izithombo ezivela ezinhlanyelweni ezimile zivele ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4, uma kungenjalo kuzodingeka ulinde isonto noma ngaphezulu kwalokho.

Imbewu enesithombo esimnyama ihluma ngokushesha okukhulu

Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayalulekwa ukutshala imbewu engu-2-3 emthonjeni ngamunye. Lokhu kuzosiza esikhathini esizayo ukugwema "amabala aphansi" engadini, uma kungewona wonke aqhamuka. Lapho izitshalo zakha amaqabunga amabili eqiniso asala ngemuva ekukhuleni, izithombo ezingasebenzi kahle ziyasikwa noma zincinwe ngeminwe eduze kwezinga lomhlabathi. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuzikhipha ukuze ungalimazi uhlelo lwezimpande zesimo esikhethiwe.

Ividiyo: ukutshala imbewu emnyama enwebu emhlabathini

Amathiphu wokukhula isithombo esimnyama

Ukukhula isithombo esimnyama ngeke kudinge umzamo ongaphezu kwemvelo kumlimi. Eqinisweni, ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo kwehla ukhula emibhedeni, kukhululwe umhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile bese kusetshenziswa umanyolo kaningana phakathi nenkathi yezinkathi. Isakhi esikhulu sobuchwepheshe bezolimo ukuthambisa okufanele.

Ukuhlanganisa inhlabathi kusiza ukonga isikhathi ekwenziweni kokhula. Ngakho-ke, kungakuhle ukuthi ugcwalise umbhede engadini ngesendlalelo se-humus, i-peat crumb, futhi usike utshani obusanda ku-2-4 cm. Futhi i-mulch igcina umswakama enhlabathini, ikuvumela ukuthi wandise izikhala phakathi kokuphuza. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi kulabo balimi abangenalo ithuba lokuhlala unomphela endaweni ethile.

Izitshalo ezingumngcele we-radish emnyama, ngokuhlukile kokumhlophe nokuluhlaza, "azinamatheli" zenhlabathi njengoba zikhula, ngokulandelana, izitshalo azidingi ukwakhiwa

Isikhathi esikhulayo sokwenza isithombo esimnyama sivele impela, kepha sidinga kuphela ukugqokwa ezimbili noma ezintathu eziphezulu ngesizini. Kuyalulekwa ukusebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali - ovela ezintweni ezi-organic, ikakhulukazi uma zisetshenziselwa okungaphezulu kwesidingo, izimpande eziningi ze-fibrous zakhiwa esikhundleni somgogodla owodwa, ngokulandelana, futhi nezithelo azonakalisiwe.

Isiko lilungele noma imuphi umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezitshalo ezimpande. Akukho ukugqoka okhethekile okuphezulu kwesithombo, ngakho-ke ungakhetha kumanyolo wemifino. Okuvame kakhulu kubo yi-Aelita, Kemira-Lux, Novofert, Master. Izithako zesikhathi sokuqala zengezwa esigabeni sokusungulwa kweqabunga lesine leqiniso, bese kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-25.

Noma yimuphi umanyolo wendawo yonke wezitshalo zezimpande ulungele isithombo esimnyama

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokugcina kufanele kuqukethe i-potassium. Kuya kuye ukuthi izithombo zezimpande ezihlwabusayo nezihlwabusayo ziyoba kanjani. Noma yiliphi ikhambi ngaphandle kwe-potassium chloride lifanelekile - lo mgodi wamaminerali awuthandi kakhulu. Futhi ungasebenzisa umlotha ojwayelekile wezinkuni kwifomu elomile noma njenge-infusion. Ukutshala kwenziwa cishe amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuthwa okulindelekile kwezimpande.

I-Wood ash - umthombo wemvelo we-potassium ne-phosphorus

Kwanele ukuthulula izinhlobo zokuqala kokuvuthwa ngesixazululo sezakhi kabili - ngemuva kokuba iqabunga leqiniso lesibili lenziwe futhi emva kwezinye izinsuku ezingama-8-10. Kuzona zozimbili lezi zinhlaka, umanyolo kumele aqukethe i-nitrogen.

Noma isiphi isithombo isitshalo esithanda umswakama. Ngokushoda kwamanzi, izimpande zezilimo ziba zincane, isikhumba sibe sibumbala, inyama iba "ngokhuni", ilahlekelwe ngobuchopho, ibabile kakhulu, kuvela ama-voids kuyo. Kepha awukwazi ukugcwalisa. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande zokubola. Ukunisela kakhulu ngemuva kwezikhathi "zesomiso" isikhathi eside akukanconywa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izitshalo zezimpande kungenzeka ziphihlize.

Ukunisela kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile kwesithombo esimnyama, lokhu kusebenza kuzo zombili izithombo ezincane nezinhlobo zabantu abadala

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuvuthwa kokuqala nokuphakathi ziniselwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-6-8. Vele, lokhu futhi kuya ngesimo sezulu esingaphandle. Ekushiseni, izikhawu phakathi kwezinqubo zincishiselwa ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3, futhi uma lina njalo, isithombo singakwenza ngokunisa kwemvelo. Ezinhlotsheni ezivuthwa sekwephuzile, ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemuva kokuqubuka, izikhathi eziphakathi kokunisela zandiswa ziye kumaviki ayi-2. Kuyadingeka ukuthi izilimo ezimpande zikhule, futhi inyama - iminyene, hhayi amanzi.

Isikhathi esihle sale nqubo kusihlwa ngemuva kokushona kwelanga noma ekuseni kakhulu. Uma unekhono lobuchwepheshe, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlela ukuchelela - lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi umanzise inhlabathi ngokulinganayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngu-10-15 l / m². Ungase futhi unisele isithombo kusuka emthonjeni wokunisela, hose.

Cishe ihora ngemuva kokunisela, lapho umswakama usuvele usungenile, kungcono ukukhulula umbhede wengadi. Lokhu kubhubhisa uqweqwe olunzima phezu kwenhlabathi futhi kunomthelela ekuvuseleleni kangcono kwezilimo zezimpande.

Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukukhulula kancane isivuno sezimpande ngenkathi kutshalwa ama-radishing kanye ngesonto. Lokhu kusiza ukuqeda izimpande ze-lateral. Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, imifino edla kuphela impande enkulu ikhulu futhi ijusi, inesimo esijwayelekile.

Ividiyo: ukukhula isithombo esimnyama

Izifo ezithinta amasiko nezinambuzane

Isithunzi esimnyama ngokwemvelo sinokuzivikela okuhle. Ngakho-ke, akuvamile ukuba nesifo sokukhunta. Okuhlukile kunamapulangwe agqinsiwe noma izitshalo ukuthi ziniselwa kaningi futhi / noma kakhulu. Izifo eziyingozi kakhulu isiko:

• I-Powdery Mildew Ungqimba lwe-plaque emhlophe emaqabunga, ifana nefulawa efafaziwe. Kancane kancane, "iyaqina" bese iguqula umbala ube nsundu. Izicubu ezithintekayo ziyoma futhi ziyafa.
• Wonke. Ama-Ugly akhula ezimpandeni zesitshalo. Ingxenye engenhla iyoma.
• Ukubola kwezimpande. "Amanzi" amabala ansundu ngokwebala kwesisekelo sesitshalo sezimpande nakumaqabunga amaqabunga. Izicubu ezithintekile ziyathamba, ziba yisidudla lapho kuthintwa, kuvela iphunga elingelona elithandekayo eliphuma kubo. Mhlawumbe ukubonakala kwengqimba yokubumba kwisitshalo sezimpande.

Igalari yezithombe: Izimpawu ejwayelekile zezifo ezimnyama ezingama-radish

Kulezi zifo ezingenhla, kungatholakala i-Powdery isikhutha ekuqaleni kwesikhashana. Izimpawu zezimbili ezisele ezingxenyeni zasemoyeni zesitshalo zivele kuphela lapho ukukhula kwazo sekusondele impela. Futhi i-keel ayiphenduli ekwelashweni ngezindlela zesimanje.

Ngakho-ke, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekuvimbeleni. Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo obunekhono bubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyasiza ukugcwala izitshalo nenhlabathi embhedeni ngomlotha wezinkuni obhobekile, bese ufaka amakristalu amaningana e-potanganum permanganate emanzini wokunisela ngezikhathi ezithile. Izitshalo ngokwazo zingafafazwa ngesisombululo se-colloidal sulfure noma ngomlotha we-soda, zixoviwe nge-kefir yamanzi ngokufakwa kwe-iodine. Ukulwa ne-Powdery isikhutha sebenzisa amalungiselelo aqukethe yethusi - isikhunta. Kuyelulekwa ukuthi unikeze ukukhetha ngezindlela zemvelo. Kepha kukhona nezidakamizwa "ezindala ezifanele", ukusebenza kwazo okuye kwahlolwa izizukulwane ezingaphezulu kwesilodwa sabalimi. Lokhu, ngokwesibonelo, i-Bordeaux ketshezi, i-sulfate yethusi, i-oxychloride yethusi.

Ungashiyi amasampula athelelekile engadini. Lokhu kungumthombo wokusabalala kwefungus ye-pathogenic. Badinga ukukhishwa bashiswe ngokushesha okukhulu. Kungcono ukuthi uchithe inhlabathi kule ndawo ngesisombululo esikhanyayo se-potasium potanganum permanganate noma i-5% yethusi i-sulfate yokuthola isifo.

Iningi lezilokazane lidlula emgobeni omnyama. Amane nje awathandi amaqabunga nemifino yezimpande, ebonakala ngokugcotshwa okuphezulu kwamafutha abalulekile. Kepha kukhona labo lokhu okungabayekiyo.

• I-Cruciferous flea. Isinambuzane esikhulu esiyingozi nesiyingozi kakhulu. Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi walo livela ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwamahlumela amnyama we-radish. Izithombo ezincane zezimbungulu ezincane ezimnyama, ezikhazimulayo elangeni, ziyakwazi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele, amaqabunga ezitshalo zabantu abadala aphenduka entweni efana kakhulu nesihlungo. Ukuvimbela, inhlabathi embhedeni, ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izithombo zokuqala, ifafazwa ngengxube yomlotha onamahlamvu kagwayi owomile ochotshoziwe kanye nopelepele womhlabathi. Izitshalo ngokwazo zifafazwa ngeshokhole elichotshoziwe.
• Izibungu zempukane yephaphethi. Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda enhlabathini. Izibungu ezihlafunwayo zidla okuhlaza okotshani bese zilimaza isikhumba sezilimo eziyizimpande. Ukuvikela kubantu abadala, kufakwe itayiphu enamathela ekubambeni izimpukane noma izingcezu zekhadibhodi, i-plywood, egcotshwe ngeglue yomisa ende, uju, uphethiloli jelly, eduze kombhede. Umhlabathi engadini uvame ukuniselwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngokufakwa kwe-anyanisi noma abacibisheli bakagalikhi. Lapho sesitholile izibungu, isithombo sifefa sifafazwa ngamasokisi wesepha afakwe ngamanzi nge-ash ash noma ngo-lwesinaphi. Uma ungekho umphumela ovela kumakhambi esintu, faka u-Confidor-Maxi, Admiral, Tanrek.
• Slug. Amagobolondo ancishwe amagobolondo adla izimbobo ezinkulu ngamaqabunga nezimpande zezitshalo. Izithombo ezincane zingabhujiswa ngokuphelele. Ungqimba lwenhlanganisela enamathelayo ecwebezelayo luhlala ngaphezulu. Ukuvimbela, amakhambi anozipayisi, izimbali ezinephunga elimnandi zitshalwe eceleni kwembhede noma emaphaseleni. Zingabuye zisetshenziswe njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zokulungiselela ama-infusions, ezivame ukufafaza izitshalo uqobo kanye nenhlabathi engadini. I-Ash, isihlabathi, kanye namagobolondo ama-nati noma amaqanda aqothulwe esikhundleni se-powder afafazwa phansi kwesiqu. Ama-slugs afakwa inzalo kusetshenziswa izicupho - amathangi afakwa enhlabathini, agcwaliswa ubhiya, i-kvass, ujamu ovuthiwe, amaqabunga eklabishi aqoshiwe. Ukuqoqwa kwezandla kuyenziwa. Amakhemikhali (i-Meta, i-Thunder, i-Sludge) asetshenziswa kuphela uma kuhlaselwa ngobuningi bawo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu kakhulu.

Igalari yezithombe: yiziphi izinambuzane eziyingozi kumnyama omnyama ukubukeka

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesithombo esimnyama sokuvuthwa kokuqala naphakathi, ezitshalwe entwasahlobo, zivame ukuvunwa maphakathi nehlobo. Kuyinto engathandeki ukungabaza nalokhu - isitshalo sezimpande eseqile sesidonsa futhi saba yisidina. Njengomthetho, lezi zinhlobonhlobo azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokugcina ikhwalithi, ngakho-ke zigcinwa esiqandisini, esikhwameni sepulasitiki esinokuvuleka komoya omncane. Imifino enezimpande igcina ukuqina nokutsha kwazo izinsuku eziyi-18-25. At lokushisa Igumbi - esiphezulu kwesonto.

Isithombo esisheshayo kufanele sivunwe esimweni sezulu esomile. Inqubo kumele igcwaliswe ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala. Ukuvuna kuvame ukwenzeka ngo-Okthoba. Izithelo ezivezwa amazinga okushisa aqandayo zibola ngokushesha.

Ukuvunwa kwesithombo esimnyama kufanele kuphathwe ukuze kususwe ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala

Ngemuva kwalokho ashiywe engadini amahora amaningi ukuze umhlaba unamathele ezitshalweni ezomile uyoma. Ngemuva kwalokho, imifino iyahlanzwa inhlabathi futhi ihlolwe ngokucophelela. Ngokugcina isikhathi eside, kuphela lezo ezingenawo monakalo omncane esikhunjeni - okwenziwe ngomshini noma ngomkhondo wokulimala kwezifo, izinambuzane.

Ngemuva kokumiswa, izilimo ezimpande ezimnyama zingahle zihlanze kusuka ekungcoleni.

Ezithelweni zezimpande ezikhethiwe, izihloko nezimpande ezincane kuyasikwa kubekwe emabhokisini enkuni noma emabhokisini amakhadibhodi. Ukuba khona kwezimbobo zokufaka umoya omncane kuphoqelekile. Ukuze izithelo zingatholakali omunye nomunye, zifafazwa ngesihlabathi esimanzi, izingulule zepuni, ukusikwa, sawdust, i-newsprint eshaywe kahle.

Ngaphambi kokubekwa kokugcinwa ezitshalweni zezimpande zesithombo esimnyama, kuyadingeka ukusika iziqongo

Gcina isithombo esimnyama egumbini elingaphansi, egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba, kwelinye igumbi elimnyama elinomoya omncane. Izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ezingeni le-2-3ºС. Ezithelweni ezifudumele zezimpande ziqhuma ngokushesha. Umswakama ophezulu nawo uyadingeka - 80% noma ngaphezulu. Kuleli fomu, izilimo zezimpande zizolala okungenani kuze kuphele uJanuwari. Kwezinye izinhlobo, impilo eshalofini yinde kakhulu - isithombo singaboli kuze kube sentwasahlobo.

Isithombo esimnyama siyisitshalo sezimpande esingateketeki futhi esinempilo kakhulu. Khulisa it on siqu icebo for amandla ngisho balimi novice. Akanazo izidingo ezikhethekile zezimo zokulima, kodwa ukuze aqoqe isivuno esiningi, kungakuhle ukuthi nokho alalele "izifiso" zakhe ezimbalwa.