I-Oregano isitshalo esidala esiphuma emndenini wakwa-Iasnatkovye. Idume ngokuba nezimbali eziningi nephunga elimnandi. Empeleni, igama laseRussia libonisa lokhu. Igama elisemthethweni le-oregano umsuka. Leli gama livela "ubukhazikhazi" basendulo abangamaGrikhi, "intaba". Okungachazwa njengomhlobiso wezintaba. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo yiMedithera neCentral Asia. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezivamile eCaucasus, eTaiwan naseningizimu yeSiberia. I-Oregano ingaba umhlobiso obucayi bensimu, yemboza umhlabathi ngokhaphethi oqinile onsundu-opinki. Isetshenziswa futhi njengesithako se-oregano esiphundu, futhi sisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha. Ungatshala izihlahla hhayi engadini kuphela, kodwa futhi ebhodweni kuvulandi.
Izici ze-Botanical
I-Oregano isitshalo esinotshani obunezihlahla ezinotshani ezivame ukudala isihlahla esinobude obuyi-30-75 cm. Izimpande zayo azinalutho, ziqondile, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukuqhuma futhi sithathe izindawo ezintsha. Esiqwini sesisekelo sombuso esiseduze kwesisekelo kukhona inqwaba engandile.
Amaqabunga e-ovoid noma e-oval ephikisanayo akhula ngokunensa kulo lonke ubude. Zinemiphetho eqinile kanye nesiphelo. Indawo emnyama emnyama eluhlaza imbozwe ngemisebe yemithambo. Uhlangothini lwe-Flip lune-tint grey. Ubude beplate yephepha bungamasentimitha ayi-1-4 kuphela.
Isihloko sokudubula kusukela kuJulayi kuya ku-Agasti sihlotshiswe nge-inflorescence-panicle emnyama. Inezimbali ezincane ze-tubular ezinombala grey-pink noma o-violet-pink. I-corolla ngayinye izungezwe i-red red-violet bract. Imbali inesakhiwo esinezindebe ezimbili esinezindebe eziphansi ezakhiwe ngaphansi. AbakwaStamens baphuma phakathi nendawo.
Ngemuva kokuvota, amakhabe ezinhlwayiya zembewu yesilinda avuthwa ngomqhele obomvu ngaphezulu nangamaceleni ezinhlanga. Ngaphakathi kunezimbewu ezincane ezinjengezinso ezinesikhumba esimnyama. Ku-1 g yembewu, kukhona amayunithi angaba ngu-10,000.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo
Noma kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-50 ku-genus oregano, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zivame ukusetshenziswa. Ukuzakhela kwabo, abafuyi bezithelo babeka ukumelana nezimo zemvelo noma ukunambitheka okuthile nezimfanelo ezinhle.
Isiqalo esivamile. Isitshalo se-herbaceous perennial sikhula ngo-50-70 cm ukuphakama. Inezimpande zezinwele ezinwabuzelayo neziqu eziqonde. Amahlumela ngezansi ambozwe ngethawula elithambile, futhi ngaphezulu amagatsha aqine ngokuqinile. Ama-petioles aphikisayo e-oval noma ifomu le-ovoid akhula kuwo. Ubude beqabunga eliluhlaza obumnyama bube cm cm. NgoJuni-Julayi, ama-inflorescence aminyene e-corymbose aqhakaza phezulu kwesiqu nakuma-axils amaqabunga aphezulu. Izimbali ezinenkomishi emnyama onsomi namacembe apinki akhanyayo akhipha iphunga elimnandi. Izinhlobo:
- i-oregano emhlophe - embozwe kakhulu ngama-inflorescence amhlophe amnyama;
- i-caramel - inokunambitheka okumnandi nephunga eliqinile;
- isixha esinephunga elimnandi - isitshalo esifinyelela ku-30 cm mude sifaka iphunga elinamandla futhi siqhakaze ngama-inflorescence aphuzi onsomi;
- uthingo - i-shrub efinyelela ku-60-70 cm ukuphakama ihlukaniswa ngamaqabunga ansomi agqamile futhi inenqwaba yama-anthocyanins awusizo;
- ithiphu legolide - izihlahla ezimfushane (cm cm ukuphakama) zimbozwe ngamaqabunga amancane aluhlaza anamathiphu aphuzi. Ziqhakaza ngama-inflorescence apinki akhanyayo;
- I-Aureum - esihlahleni esifinyelela ku-25 cm ukuphakama, amaqabunga egolide nezimbali eziphuzi ziyaqhakaza.
UCretan oregano (dictamnus). Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwalokhu okudala kungama-20-30 cm, noma ngesinye isikhathi kukhula kube ngamamitha 1. Amahlumela aminyene ambozwe nge-oval, cishe namaqabunga ayindilinga nge-silvery pubescence. Ama-inflorescences anezimbali ezincane ezipinki ezifihliwe afihlwe ngaphansi kwamakrokhethi amakhulukazi e-greenish-pink hue. Akhula nge-peduncle eguqukayo futhi akhumbuza kakhulu ama-hop cones. Ijusi lalezi zinhlobonhlobo liqukethe izinto ezisebenzayo ezinomphumela we-antimicrobial. Emuva ezinsukwini zeHippocrates, kwathathwa izinhlungu zesisu.
Ukukhula kwe-oregano
Imvamisa, i-oregano itshalwa imbewu. Okokuqala, ungatshala izithombo noma uzitshala ngokushesha emhlabathini. Indlela yesithombo ikuvumela ukuba uthole isithombo sezimbali esigcwele ngokugcwele ekuqaleni nokuvuna. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vele ekuqaleni kukaMashi ulungiselele amakhasethi noma amabhokisi agcwele inhlabathi evundile, enezakhi kanye nokufakwa kwesihlabathi ne-peat. Imbewu isatshalaliswa phezu komhlaba ngokulinganayo ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ichotshozwe kancane ngumhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho iziqukathi zimbozwe ngefilimu yomphumela wokugcina ukushisa bese zibeka indawo ekhanyayo enamazinga okushisa + 18 ... + 20 ° C.
I-Condensate kufanele isuswe nsuku zonke futhi inhlabathi ifafazwe ebhodleleni lokufafaza. Okufakiwe kuzovela kungakapheli amasonto ayi-1-1.5. Zenziwa zindiza kaningi, kepha asiziphuthumi ukususa ngokuphelele izindawo zokukhosela. Eminyakeni engu-1 yenyanga, ifilimu iyasuswa bese igxibilikisa izithombo emabhodweni ehlukene we-peat. Maphakathi nenyanga kaMeyi, ngesimo sezulu esishisayo esifudumele, izithombo zithuthelwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukhethwe indawo enhle evulekile nelanga egqumeni. Imigodi yokufakelwa kude nge-15-20 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye yenza angajulile. Izimbali kulindeleke ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila.
Masinyane emhlabathini ovulekile, izilimo zikhiqizwa maphakathi no-Ephreli. Pre-dig indawo futhi uhlukanise imithombo emikhulu yomhlaba. Njengoba imbewu incane kakhulu, izodinga okuncane. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi, izinto zokutshala zihlanganiswa nesihlabathi noma i-sawdust. Izitshalo zenziwa emigodini ekujuleni kuka-1-1.5 cm. Ukusuka phezulu, zifafazwa nje kancane nge-peat. Ngokuya ngezimo zezulu, ukuhluma kuthatha cishe amasonto ama-2. Izitshalo zikhula kahle. Kwanele ngezikhathi nesikhathi ukukhulula inhlabathi nokususa ukhula. Ukuqhakaza ngale ndlela yokutshala kuqala ngonyaka wesibili.
Ngaphezu kwendlela yembewu, i-oregano isatshalaliswa ngezindlela zemifino. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu entwasahlobo, ukuze izitshalo ezincane zibe nesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nokuzilungiselela ubusika. Izinhlobo zokuzalela:
- Ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Kutshalwa izitshalo ezinkulu, zikhululwe emhlabathini futhi zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Qikelela ukuthi ungalimazi izimpande namahlumela. Ukutshala kwenziwa ngokushesha, ukuze kungabi ngokweqile i-rhizome.
- Izendlalelo ze-Rooting. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula, isihlahla sicindezelwa phansi bese amagatsha ngamanye afafazwa nenhlabathi. Kubalulekile ukunisela njalo onke amahlumela angcwatshwa. Bazothatha izimpande kulo nyaka, kepha ukwahlukana kanye nokufakelwa okwenziwa entwasahlobo elandelayo.
Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphandle
Yize i-oregano ingenakuzithoba, ngonyaka wokuqala izodinga ukunakwa kakhulu kunangesikhathi esizayo. Ukutshala kwenziwa endaweni evulekile, enekwe kahle enenhlabathi evundile evulekile. Ukuvela kwamanzi asemhlabathini akwamukeleki.
I-Oregano ingahlushwa isomiso, ngakho-ke ukuthambisa kwenziwa njalo. Inhlabathi kufanele yomile kuphela ezingqimbeni ezingaphezulu. Uma isimo sezulu sine kakhulu, khona lapho izihlahla zinenkinga yokugcwala kwamanzi. Ukuvimbela, kufakwa imigodi ezungeze imibhede ukukha amanzi.
Kabili noma kathathu ngonyaka, kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, bayondla. Uma inhlabathi ngesikhathi sokutshala yayivundile impela, ukuvundiswa kuqala ngonyaka wesibili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-saltpeter ifafazwa eduze kwezimpande noma izitshalo ziniselwa nge-mullein solution. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwehlobo kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvunwa. Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa azihlanganisi nhlobo noma zikwenze kancane kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho amahlumela azokhula kakhulu futhi alahlekelwe ubuhle bawo.
Akufanele sikhohlwe ukhula nokukhulula inhlabathi. Izitshalo ezincane zivala ukhula ngokushesha, futhi ukugcwala obukhulu emhlabathini kuvimbela umoya ukufinyelela ezimpandeni. Ukuhlanganisa inhlabathi ngotshani obunwetshwe kusiza ukwenza ukhula lube ngaphansi kakhulu.
Ngonyaka wokuqala, izitshalo zivame ukwakha isisindo esiluhlaza futhi siqhakaze. Uma ama-inflorescence esakhekile, kunconywa ukuwasika. Ukuthenwa kwezihlahla kwenziwa entwasahlobo, kususwa ukukhula okudala cishe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuvusa ukwakheka kwamahlumela amancane. I-Oregano ingakhula endaweni eyodwa iminyaka engekho ngaphezulu kwe-3, emva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukufakelwa kanye nokwahlukaniswa.
Izinhlobo zanamuhla ze-oregano zibekezelela ubusika kahle emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngisho nasebusika obubandayo, izitshalo zigcinwa eqhweni kanye namaqabunga aluhlaza. Ayikho indawo yokukhosela eyengeziwe edingekayo. Uma ingxenye yomhlabathi iqina, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo amahlumela amasha azoqala kusuka ezimpandeni.
Ukwakheka, ukuthengwa kwezinsizakusebenza
Oregano utshani uqukethe:
- ama-tannins;
- amafutha abalulekile;
- ascorbic acid;
- flavonoids;
- ama-phenolic acid.
Ukuqoqwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwenziwa kusukela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila enamanani aphezulu wezimbali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nquma iziqongo zamahlumela kusuka kubude obuyi-15-20 cm kusuka emhlabathini. Amaqabunga kanye nama-inflorescence abaluleke kakhulu, kepha hhayi ngeziqu. Okokuqala, amagatsha axhumeke emasondweni amancane. Zimiswa noma zibekwe ngaphansi kombhede futhi zome. Ngemuva kokumiswa, amaqabunga nezimbali kuyadatshulwa, bese iziqu zichithwe.
Ngembewu yokuvuna, ukuthenwa kwehlobo akwenziwa. NgoSepthemba, amabhokisi asikiwe futhi omisiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho bakhishwa ngesiziba.
Yini i-oregano ewusizo
Ukusuka ku-oregano, ama-decoctions, amanzi kanye ne-alcohol infusions ayalungiswa, futhi kusetshenziswa namafutha abalulekile. Izidakamizwa zine-bactericidal, sedative, expectorant, diaphoretic, antispasmodic kanye ne-analgesic.
Ukuze ulungiselele i-decoction ye-250 g yamanzi abilayo, sebenzisa u-2 tbsp. amakhambi. Okokuqala, izinto zokusetshenziswa zigcinwa imizuzu eyi-15 kubhavu wamanzi, bese ucindezela eminye imizuzu engama-45. Umhluzi ontethekile upholile kancane bese uhanjiswa engxenyeni yesithathu yengilazi kabili ngosuku ngaphambi kokudla.
Ukwemukelwa kwesilinganiso esinjengalesi kukuvumela ukuthi ubhekane ne-gastritis ene-acidity encishisiwe yesisu, izinqubo zokuvuvukala emgodini wesisu, i-cystitis, ukukhwehlela, izifo zokuphefumula kakhulu, i-tonsillitis, isifo se-periodontal, ukuqwasha, i-eczema.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuthatha i-oregano kukhulisa ithoni yezicubu ezibushelelezi zesibeletho futhi kudala ukuzalwa kwayo. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuphuza umuthi akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Futhi, ukwelashwa ku-contraindicated kubantu abahlushwa isilonda esiswini, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukopha okusindayo kwemvelo ehlukahlukene. Njengoba i-oregano iqukethe ama-phytohormones amaningi abesifazane, akufanelekile ukuyiyisa kwabesifazane asebekhulisa nezingane ezincane.
Ama-decoction kanye ne-infusions asetshenziswa hhayi kuphela kwezokwelapha, kodwa futhi ku-cosmetology. Izinwele ezinamafutha, i-oregano ikhambi elifanele. Ugcina ukwanda kwezinwele isikhathi eside. Ukuhlanza izinwele njalo njalo kuqeda i-dandruff ne-seborrhea. Ngokuhlikihla ubuso nge-lotion, ungageza ama-pores, unikeze isikhumba ukuqina, bushelelezi kanye nombala onempilo. Akuzona zodwa amakhambi abantu athandwayo. Abakhiqizi abaningi bezimonyo zokunakekela umzimba banemigqa enezakhi ze-oregano.
Ukupheka kokusetshenziswa
Besebenzisa i-oregano ekuphekeni, abanye bayiphazamisa nge-thyme. Ngempela, izitshalo ziyefana kakhulu ngokubukeka futhi zinuka cishe ezifanayo. Kodwa-ke, i-thyme ingeyofuzo lwe-Thyme yomndeni ofanayo futhi inezici ezihlukile.
Ekhishini, amaqabunga anamakha asetshenziswa njengethonsi lesipayisi. Afakwa ezitsheni eziphambili. I-Oregano ihlanganiswe kahle nenyama nenhlanzi. Kuzosiza ukuhlanganisa kahle isaladi, i-gravy, izitsha ezinamaqanda nokudla kwasolwandle. I-Oregano nayo iyangezelelwa ukulondolozwa, futhi eRussia amaqabunga amaningana afakwa kvass. Itiye lenziwa nge-oregano. Iphunga layo elimnandi liphambanisa imenyu, liqinise umzimba futhi likhulule ukungezwani kwemizwa.
