Kunengqondo ukukhulisa ikhabe eSiberia: isipiliyoni abalimi

Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, kwakunzima ukucabanga ukuthi amakhabe athanda ukushisa angakhula eSiberia enokhahlo. Kepha intuthuko ayimi. Ngenxa yezinto zokwakha nobuchwepheshe besimanje, izinhlobo ezintsha eziguquliwe futhi, i-umdlandla ongapheli wabantu baseSiberia, inganekwane iba yiqiniso.

Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-melon eSiberia

ISiberia inensimu enkulu enezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthi unikeze izincomo ezijwayelekile ngokutshala kwe-melon kuzo zonke izifunda zayo, yize ngokuvamile lezi zindawo zinezici ezithile zesimo sezulu: ukwanda komoya osenyakatho, ihlobo elifishane kanye nesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo. Kulokhu, iningi leSiberia, amakhabe angatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa hhayi njalo. Uma ihlobo libanda futhi lina, ngeke kube khona ukuvuna. Ukukhula amakhabe ku-greenhouse, ngokuya ngemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo besiko, ngokuqinisekile kuzowujabulisa umphumela. Ngezinga elikhulu, impumelelo incike ezinhlotsheni ezifanele.

Izinhlobonhlobo zomhlaba ovulekile

Uma kubhekwa ihlobo elifushane, kukhethwa izinhlobo zokuqala (zezinsuku ezingama-60-75 kusukela esikhathini sokuvela kokukhula ngokugcwele kuya ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa okuvuthiwe), isikhathi esiphakathi nendawo (izinsuku ezingama-65-85) nezikhathi zokuvuthwa okuphakathi (izinsuku ezingama-75-95) zokukhula zikhethiwe.

Umlimi ohlangene

Ngokwesiko, iKolkhoznitsa eyaziwayo ikhule eSiberia (igama eliphelele yiKolkhoznitsa 749/753). Ukusuka ezitshalweni kuya ekuvuthweni, kudlula izinsuku ezingama-77-95, kuye ngezimo zezulu. Lesi sitshalo esinezinde ezinde esinesiqu esincane. Izithelo ziyindilinga, nobukhulu obuphakathi, isisindo esiphakathi - 0,7-1.3 kg. Imvamisa ingaphezulu libushelelezi, liphuzi-orenji, ngaphandle kwephethini, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala imisindo emahara. Amagxolo alukhuni, aguquguqukayo, awugqinsi oluphakathi. I-pulp inoshukela, imnandi, i-fibrous, i-semi-crisp. Ukukhiqiza 1,5-2,2 kg / m². Umlimi ohlangene uvame ukulimala kabi yi-powdery hlobo kanye ne-anthracnosis, elwa ne-bacteriosis. Inokuthuthwa okuhle, ngakho-ke iyathandwa ngabalimi.

Sekuphele isikhathi eside umlimi ohlanganyelwe waseMelon akhula eSiberia

Altai

Izinhlobonhlobo zatholakala eBarnaul ngonyaka we-1937 zangena kwiRegional State of Breeding Achievements ngo-1955. Amajikijolo afana nomlimi ohlanganisiwe ngosayizi nokubukeka, kuphela ukwakheka okuphakeme ngokwengeziwe futhi ubukhulu bawo bukhulu kancane - 0.8-1.6 kg. Ukunambitheka kuyenelisa, "wonke umuntu." Ukugcina ijubane nokuthwala kuphansi. Izinhlobonhlobo zikhuliselwe ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu ezindaweni ezinehlobo elifushane. Isikhathi kusuka amahlumela okuqala ukuvuthwa kuphela izinsuku ezingama-65-75. Ukuvuna kusuka ku-1 m² - 2,5 kg.

I-Altai melon yazalelwa eSiberia

Ithenda

Le melon yaqokwa e-Federal Science Science Center for Vegetable Production ngo-2004 ngqo eSiberia. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa yizinsuku ezingama-67-69 kusuka ekuveleni kwezithombo. Inamajikijolo aphuzi amancane (0.8-1.1 kg). Isimo se-fetus sigoqiwe, sehlukaniswe. I-pulp eluhlaza ekhanyayo inesakhiwo esintekenteke, esiphundu, esidonsa kahle nokunambitheka okuhle. Ukukhiqiza 80-14 kg / ha.

I-Melon Tender ine-green green pulp

Izinhlobonhlobo zegreenhouse

Ama-nzalo amaningi enzelwe ukukhulisa amakhabe ku-greenhouse, yize kunezinhlobonhlobo.

Solar

I-hydride yokuqala yokuvuthwa kokukhetha okufuywayo, ikhula ngokukhethekile ekukhuleni kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo. Inika amajikijolo acishe abe ngxenye eyodwa enesisindo esilinganiselwe esingu-2.1-2.7 kg. Isithelo sakhiwe ngokulinganayo ngamagxolo aphuzi abushelelezi. Ukudweba ngesimo samachashazi amancane aphuzi naphakathi. I-pulp iyanamathela, ithambe futhi ibe namanzi. Ukunambitheka kuhle. Kusuka ku-1 m² 5.1-5.7 kg wezithelo zitholakala ku-greenhouse.

UMelon Solnechnaya - i-hydride yokuqala yokuvuthwa yokuqokwa kwezasekhaya, yakhiwa ngokukhulayo ezikhungweni zokugcina izithombo

INyanga

Barnaul ehlukahlukene ukuze kutshalwe engadini yezakhiwo, amapulazi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zefilimu. Ukuvuthwa okususwayo kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingama-74-80 ngemuva kokuvela. Izithelo zincane (1,3 kg), okusaqanda, okubushelelezi. Inegridi eqhubekayo, exhunyiwe, ethambile. Umbala wekhonkwane elincanyana eligoqekayo uphuzi. Uginindela ungobukhulu obuphakathi, granular, amnandi kancane. Ukunambitheka kuhle, kumnandi kancane. Ukuvuna kusuka ku-1 m² - 8.1 kg. Izinhlobonhlobo zinezimfanelo ezinhle zokuhweba, ezokuhambisa. Ine-ukumelana okuqhathanisayo ne-stem ascochitosis.

IMelon Moon inegxolo elibushelelezi eliphuzi

I-Assol

I-Barnaul maphakathi nesizini hybrid yezindawo zokugcina izithombo zefilimu. Izithelo zisuswa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-80-90 ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo ezigcwele. Amajikijolo ayindilinga-nxazonke, ahlukaniswe izingxenye, aphuzi ngemichilo emswakama ekhilimu. Igxolo lincane, liyagoqwa. Inyama yombala oluhlaza okhanyayo inobukhulu obukhulu, obudakayo, obunejusi, isakhiwo segranular nokunambitheka okumnandi okuhle. Izithelo zibukeka ngendlela eyodwa nesisindo esilingana ne-1 kg. Ukukhiqiza - 6.6 kg / m². Izinga lezentengiso liphezulu. Ukunqanda ukumelana ne-ascochitosis kungaphakathi.

Inyama ye-melon Assol iluhlaza okotshani

Izimo ezikhulayo

Ukuze kutshalwe ngempumelelo i-amakhabe, kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ezinhle kuyo.

• Izinga lokushisa elifanelekile lekhabe liku-20-25 ° C. Emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-30 ° C nangaphansi kuka-15 ° C, ukukhula kuyama.
• UMelon ukhula kahle enhlabathini evundile evundile. Inhlabathi enobumba obukhulu idinga ukukhululwa ngokufaka isihlabathi, i-peat.
• Ukusabela kwenhlabathi kufanele kungathathi hlangothi noma kube ne-acidic encane, izinga le-pH le-6.0-6.8 lilungile.
• Phakathi kwabandulelayo nabomakhelwane akufanele:
  • ithanga;
  • ukhukhamba
  • amazambane
  • iparsley.
• Abandulelayo abahle kakhulu kuzoba yilokhu:
  • anyanisi;
  • itheniphu;
  • iklabishi;
  • ama-beet;
  • ubhontshisi;
  • isithombo.
• Kungcono ukuthi i-melon itholakala emthambekeni oseningizimu, ivikelwe emimoyeni ebandayo yasenyakatho.
• UMelon ubekezelela isomiso kangcono kunokugcwala amanzi.

Izithombo ezikhulayo

Vele, indlela yokutshala amakhabe ekukhuleni inezinzuzo ezicacile nezingenakuphikwa phezu kokutshala imbewu ngqo emhlabathini. Lokhu:

• ukuvuna kwangaphambili;
• amandla okuvikela isitshalo esincane ukhula;
• ukuntuleka kwezinkinga ezihambisana nokumila kwembewu. Zixazululwa esigabeni sezithombo ezikhulayo;
• ukuthi kungenzeka ukukhula kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-ikhabe ezimweni zasehlobo elifushane laseSiberia.

Okubi ngale ndlela kufaka phakathi:

• isidingo sezinto ezingeziwe nezindleko zabasebenzi ezihambisana nezithombo ezikhulayo;
• ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuhle kwe-melon ezimweni ezintsha ngesikhathi sokufakelwa. Kepha lokhu kunqotshwa ukusetshenziswa kwezimbiza ze-peat zezithombo ezikhulayo.

Ukutshala izithombo nini

Ubudala obukhulu bezithombo ze-melon zokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile noma abamba ukushisa yizinsuku ezingama-35. Amahlumela avame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezi-5 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Ingqikithi: Hlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kwezinsuku ezingama-40 ngaphambi kokutshala okuhlosiwe emibhedeni. Ngakho-ke, kulula ukubala ukuthi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuhlwanyela imbewu ye-melon yezithombo ezenzeka eSiberia ngu-Ephreli 10-30.

Ungakuhlwanyela kanjani imbewu ye-melon yezithombo

Ukutshala imbewu ye-melon yezithombo, udinga ukulungiselela amabhodwe we-peat ngevolumu engu-150-200 ml bese uwagcwalisa ngenhlabathi enempilo. Ungayithenga esitolo - kulezi zinsuku kunokhetho olubanzi lwenhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo. Kungenzeka ukulungiselela ngokuzimela inhlabathi ekwindla, ukuxuba ngokulingana okulinganayo umhlaba we-turf, i-peat, humus nesihlabathi. Ebhakede lomxube onjalo udinga ukufaka u-1 tbsp. l superphosphate, 1 tsp i-potassium monophosphate (yengezwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala), 1 tbsp. izinkuni zomlotha no-1 tsp. urea.

Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngezingcezu ezi-3 embizeni eyodwa kuya ekujuleni kuka-2-3 cm. Imbewu engaphambi kokukhula ingahlwanyelwa eyodwa ngasikhathi. Inhlabathi kumele ikanyiswe kahle ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Ngaphambi kokuvela, amabhodwe asendlini enamazinga okushisa angama-25-28 ° C, ngemuva kwalokho izinga lokushisa lehliswa libe ngu-20-25 ° C.

Imbewu ye-Melon ihlwanyelwa izingcezu ezi-3 emgodini ngamunye

Ukunakekela izithombo

Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezithombo, inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile iniselwa ngamanzi afudumele. UMelon akathandi ukunganyakazi nokugcwala kwamanzi. Ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga langempela lesithathu, ukuthamba kuyaqhutshwa - zonke izihlumela ezingenamandla ziyasuswa, kusale eyodwa eqinile ebhodweni ngalinye. Ngasikhathi sinye, phina isitshalo ngaphezulu kweqabunga lesithathu ukuze likhule kububanzi, hhayi ekuphakameni.

Ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngemuva kokuhluma nezinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokutshala enhlabathini, izithombo kufanele zondliwe nge-potassium humate. Ukuze wenze lokhu, u-10 ml womanyolo uqothululwa 1 litre wamanzi, i-50 ml yesisombululo ithululelwa ngaphansi kwesitshalo ngasinye. Futhi ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, kufanele iqale lukhuni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amabhodwe anezitshalo ayiswa kuvulandi noma egcekeni. Inqubo iqala ngamahora angama-3-4, khona-ke kancane kancane yenyusa isikhathi sibe usuku.

Ekupheleni kwesikhathi, izitshalo zingashiywa esele kuvulandi ebusuku, uma izinga lokushisa livumela. Izinga lokushisa lomoya lasemini lokuqina kufanele libe phakathi kuka-15-17 ° C, kanye nobusuku - 12-15 ° C.

Izithombo zeMelon zikhula kahle ezingilazini ze-peat.

Ukudlulisa izithombo emhlabathini - imiyalelo ngesinyathelo

Umbhede we-melon ulungiswa emavikini ama-2-4, futhi ngokungcono ekwindla. Ukhula lokuqala luyasuswa, lusabalale ngokulinganayo phezu komanyolo:

• 5-10 kg / m² humus, umquba noma Peat,
• 30-40 g / m² i-superphosphate ne-ammonium nitrate,
• 10-20 g / m² potassium monophosphate,
• 1 l / m² izinkuni zomlotha.

Umbhede wembiwa kahle futhi wembeswe ngele noma umlimi. Lokhu kusebenza okulandelayo:

1. Emavikini lamabili ngaphambi kwekuhlanyelwa, umbhede umbozwe ifilimu emnyama - ngale ndlela umhlaba uzofudumala kahle.
   

   Emavikini lamabili ngaphambi kwekuhlanyelwa, umbhede umbozwe ngefilimu lemnyama kute umhlaba uvutse

2. Ngaphambi kokwehla, yenza okumaka. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe ngu-70-90 cm, naphakathi kwezitshalo ezikulayini - 60-70 cm.
3. Kulungiselelwe imbobo ngayinye enobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-20 kuya kwengama-30 isitshalo ngasinye, kufakwa kuso u-0.5 ml we-humus, oxutshwe namanzi.
   

   Imigwaqo ilungiselelwe ukutshala amakhabe

4. Izithombo zitshalwe kwizimbobo ezilungiselelwe kanye namabhodwe we-peat, ziniselwe futhi zifafazwe ngomhlaba owomile.
5. Ama-Arcs afakwa eceleni kombhede futhi ambozwe nge-agrofiber enesisindo esingu-30-60 g / m².
   

   Ama-arc asethelwe eceleni kombhede futhi ambozwe nge-agrofiber

Ukutshala imbewu

Ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, umlimi angathanda indlela yokutshala amakhabe. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, lokhu kungenziwa eSiberia.

Emhlabathini ovulekile

ESiberia, indlela yokutshala izilimo ezahlukahlukene emibhedeni efudumele isabalele. Ngokuhleleka kwawo, asusa ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlaba ngobukhulu obungu-20-30 cm futhi agcwalise umgodi odalekile ngenkunkuma e-organic, umquba ovuthwe ngesigamu, humus. Emaphethelweni azungeze uthango lwamabhodi, isaladi elisicaba. Gcwalisa ivolumu nge-chernozem ekhishwe ngaphambi kwayo. Ukungena ngokweqile, i-organics izofudumeza izimpande zezitshalo. Ama-Arcs afakwa eceleni kombhede, lapho kuzobe sekufakwa khona ifilimu noma okokumboza okuthile.

I-Arcs noma ifreyimu yokhuni ifakwe ngaphezulu kombhede ofudumele

Isikhathi sokutshala sibalwa ngokuya nge-algorithm engenhla. Imithombo imakwe futhi ilungiselelwe ukutshala ngendlela efanayo nangendlela yokutshala izilimo. Emgodini ngamunye kuya ekujuleni kuka-2-3 cm, imbewu engu-3 ihlwanyelwa, iniselwa futhi imbozwe ngefilimu emnyama. Kuvunwa ngemuva kokuhluma kwembewu futhi kumbozwe ngombhede we-agrofibre kuma-arcs. Izenzo ezengeziwe ezinamahlumela ziyafana nezithombo. Ngemuva kweqabunga langempela lesithathu abancinayo, amahlumela angeziwe ayasuswa.

Eluyeni

Ukutshala imbewu endaweni ebamba ukushisa nge-polycarbonate akufani naleyo esanda kuchazwa. Umehluko kuphela ngemibandela - imbewu ingatshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa emavikini angama-2-3 ngaphambili kunokuphephiswa.

Ukunakekelwa kweMelon

Izikhathi zasehlobo nezasekuqaleni eSiberia zihlukaniswa ngokuhluka kwamazinga okushisa aphakathi nobusuku, umehluko wawo ongaba ngaphezu kwama-20 ° C.

Emhlabathini ovulekile

Ezimweni ezinjalo, izitshalo eziningi ezincane zidinga ukufudumala ebusuku okwengeziwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amabhodlela epulasitiki anentamo esikiwe, amabhokisi amakhadibhodi. Ungqimba olungeziwe lwe-agrofibre lungabekwa naku-arcs. Kusukela cishe phakathi noJuni, izindawo zokukhosela ngeke zisadingeka.

Entwasahlobo, lapho kuba nesithwathwa, izithombo ze-melon zingambozwa ngamabhokisi amakhadibhodi

Ukunisela

Ukuchelela okuvame futhi njalo kwamakhabe kuyadingeka esigabeni sokukhula kwezitshalo ezisencane. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhlabathi kufanele ihlale inomswakama. Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama, imibhede ihlanganiswe ngotshani, sawdust rotated, humus. Inketho enhle ukumboza imibhede ngaphambi kokutshala ngefilimu emnyama. Kulokhu, imbewu ihlwanyelwa kwizimbobo ezisikiwe, futhi ukudambisa okunye ukhula ngeke kudingeke. Ukunisela kuleli cala nakho kwenziwa lula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwefilimu emnyama, umhlaba ufudumala kangcono, futhi ukushisa kugcinwa kukho ngisho nasebusuku obubandayo. Lapho sezihlahla zikhula - inani lokunisela lincishiswa kube kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10. Kuyinto elula ukuthola amakhabe ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokunisela zokunisela. Ukunisela kumiswa ngokuphelele lapho izithelo sezikhulile futhi ziqala ukuphenduka ziphuzi.

Uma, ngenxa yehlobo elinethayo, imibhede enamakhabe ayinamanzi amaningi, kungadingeka ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi uyimboze ngefilimu kuma-arcs ukuze uwavikele emvuleni. Kulokhu, iziphetho zomhubhe zishiywe zivulekile.

Kuyinto elula ukuthola amakhabe ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokunisela lokunisela

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Umbhede otshalwe kahle uvame ukuqukethe umanyolo owenele. Kepha uma izihlahla zingakhuli kahle, kufanele uzondle i-nitrogen. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ze-liquid ze-organics. Endaweni efudumele isonto lonke gcizelela emanzini ama-mullein (amalitha ama-3 ngebhakede lamanzi) noma amaconsi enkukhu (kuthathwa ingxenye enkulu). Umanyolo obangelwa uvinjezelwa ngamanzi cishe amahlandla angama-5-7 bese uyondla amakhabe. Phinda ukondle okunjalo izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10. Ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuvuthwa kwezithelo, ungasebenzisa ukumiliselwa kwezinkuni zomlotha (amalitha ama-2 ngebhakede lamanzi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izicubu eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifanele zama-gourds. Zithengiswa ngaphansi kwezimpawu zokuthengisa iNet Leaf, iSudarushka, i-Agricola nezinye.

Ukwakheka nokujwayelekile

Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwe-amakhabe, kufanele wazi ukuthi ezitshalweni ezihlukahlukene, izithelo zakhiwa emaceleni amahlumela, ku-nzalo - kucizu eliyinhloko. Emhlabathini ovulekile, amakhabe e-varietal avame ukutyalwa futhi awakheke ngeziqu ezi-2-3. Isiqu ngasinye sikhishwe phezu kweqabunga lesihlanu bese sibekwa ngokulinganayo phezu kwemibhede. Kusuka ekunambeni kwamaqabunga asele, amahlumela akhula lapho izimbali ziyaqhakaza. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, kusuka kwesinye kuya kwesinye esitsheni sezithelo kusala kusiqu ngasinye. Uma ushiya amakhabe amaningi, ayoba mancane. Uma okwejwayelekile kungenziwa nhlobo, khona-ke izithelo eziningi kakhulu zingaboshwa, ziyoba zincane futhi ngeke zivuthwe. Ukudutshulwa ngakunye kuthela izithelo kutholakala ngemuva kweqabunga lesihlanu elikhula ngemuva kwesithelo.

Ukunquma nokuthena

Ngenqubo yokukhula, kufanele ubheke ngokucophelela ukwakheka kwama-stepons kuma-axils amaqabunga bese uwasusa ngezikhathi ezithile. Amahlumela akamuva anqunywe, lapho kungazange kwakha khona ama-ovari. Lezi zingxenye zesitshalo, ezingabandakanywa ekwazisweni, zithatha ingxenye yomsoco, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise ubukhulu nesisindo sezithelo.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-melon eluhlaza

Ukunakekela ikhabe endaweni ebamba ukushisa kunezimpawu zayo. Owokuqala uhlotshaniswa nokwakheka kwesitshalo. Njengoba inzalo imvamisa itshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa, lapho izithelo zisequ, zonke amahlumela aseceleni ziyasuswa. Imvamisa kushiya amahlumela eyodwa noma amabili, aboshwe ngokuqondile kwi-trellis. Izithelo zibekwa emanetheni abanzi amisiwe ukuze amakhabe angaphuli ngaphansi kwesisindo sawo.

Isici sesibili ukuthi izinyosi zingangeni ku-greenhouse, ngakho-ke lowo osebenza engadini kufanele abambe iqhaza. Impova yokufakelwa imvamisa yenziwa ekuseni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ibhulashi elithambile, eliqoqa impova kusuka kuzimbali zesilisa bese ulidlulisela kowesifazane. Ungahlukanisa izimbali zabesifazane ngokuba khona kokuqina kwengxenye yabo engezansi - lokhu kuyi-ovary yesibeletho esizayo.

Ungenza ngaphandle kwebhulashi. Bakhipha imbali yesilisa, bakhiphe ngokucophelela amacembe kuyo, ukuze bangawususi impova. Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho bethinta imbali yesilisa ekucekeleni kowesifazane, bayayifaka umquba. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngomugqa - ngemuva kwalokho, kusuka kuma-ovari owakhiwe, uzokwazi ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu, futhi ususe okusele.

Eluhlaza okotshani kufanele usebenze njenge "bee"

Isici sesithathu sokukhula amakhabe endaweni ebamba ukushisa yisidingo somoya ojwayelekile ezinsukwini ezishisayo. Yonke eminye imithetho nezindlela zokunakekela ziyefana nangezikhathi zokukhula endle.

Ividiyo: ukubumba nokunakekela ikhabe ku-greenhouse

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Ukuze imisebenzi yokulima amakhabe eSiberia ingayi ekujuleni, kufanele wazi izimpawu zezifo eziphambili nezinambuzane, kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula.

Izifo eziphambili ezithinta ikhabe eSiberia

Izifo eziphambili ze-melon zivame ukuvuvukala. Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokwelashwa nokuvimbela zivame ukufana futhi zivamile ezifweni ezahlukahlukene.

Ukulwa nezifo zokukhunta, kanye nokuzivikela, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezibizwa nge- fungicides.

I-Powdery hlobo

Kunezindawo eziningi ezimhlophe ezimhlophe epulelweni leqabunga. Ikhula, imboza lonke ishidi, okuthi ngenxa yalokho lube yisihluku, lube brittle futhi luphume ngokuphelele. Ukuvimbelwa kwezifo ukujikeleza kwezitshalo nokususa ukhula ngesikhathi. Njengokwelashwa, impova yokutshala enama-80% wesibabule kuyasiza ngezinga lama-400 g ngamamitha skwele alikhulu. Izindlela zokwelapha ezintathu ezinesikhathi sezinsuku eziyi-10 zanele. Zidinga ukuqedwa ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ngaphambi kokuvunwa. Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokulawula i-Powdery hlobo nguTopaz. Akugcini ngokuvimba lesi sifo, kodwa futhi kuvimbe ukusabalala kwayo, ngoba ibulala izinhlamvu. Lesi sidakamizwa sihle kakhulu eSiberia, ngoba singasetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi, kwanele ukufaka i-2 ml yesikhunta.

I-Powdery isikhutha imboza amaqabunga anendawo ezimhlophe

I-Peronosporosis (Downy isikhutha)

Isifo esijwayelekile isitshalo esivame ukugula kuso ekuqaleni kokukhula. Okokuqala, amabala aphuzi aluhlaza avela emaqabungeni, anda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kamuva, amahlumela we ukhunta aqongelela engaphansi kwehlobo ngendlela yenhlanganisela ebubende.

Ngezinjongo ze-prophylaxis, ukunikezela amandla okubulala amagciwane ezinsimbi zembewu ngokugqoka isisombululo se-1% se-potanganum permanganate kunconyiwe. Ungaqhuba futhi nokwelashwa okushisa kwezimbewu, uzigcine amahora angama-2 ku-thermos enamanzi ashisayo emazingeni okushisa angama-45 ° C. Izithombo ezitshaliwe noma izitshalo ezincane eziphuma embewini ngesikhathi sendlela okungekho kuyo izithombo zifafazwa ngesisombululo se-0,1% se-urea noma isisombululo esingu-1% seBordeaux liquid. Ungaphatha neTopazi.

Ikhukhamba mosaic

Lesi yisifo segciwane esidluliswa yi-melon aphid, futhi amagciwane aqongelela ezimpandeni zokhula. Izimpawu zesifo:

• amabala aluhlaza aphuzi ngamaqabunga,
• Ukudalulwa kwabo nokwakheka kwamhubhu phakathi kwemithambo,
• ukuwa kwamaqabunga nezimbali,
• imifantu phansi kwesiqu,
• ukukhula emuva
• ebusweni obubi bezithelo.

Izindlela zokuvimbela: ukuzungeza kwezitshalo, i-melon aphid control. Azikho izindlela zokulwa nesifo esivele sivele. Unganquma kuphela amaqabunga namahlumela athintekile, ngaleyo ndlela unciphise ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo futhi ugcine ingxenye yesilimo. Ngemuva kokuvuna, zonke izihloko nezimpande kufanele zishiswe, futhi kulesi siza eminyakeni emithathu ezayo ukutshala izitshalo ezingakhonjwanga yi-cucic mosaic.

Isikhunta grey

Lesi sifo sivame ukubonwa eSiberia, njengoba sikhula esimweni sezulu esibandayo nesimanzi. Izinga lokushisa elilungile ngalo yi-15 ° C. Amahlumela amancane athintekile nama-ovari aba manzi, abumba ngokushesha. Uma kutholwa, ziyasuswa futhi zichithwe, ukhula luhlanzwa njalo futhi. Ama-Melon aniselwa ngo-grooves noma ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokunisela nge-drip; ukufafaza akusetshenziswa.

Amahlumela amasha nama-ovari athinteka ekubumbeni okungwevu aba manzi

Ekucutshungulwa kusetshenziswa isixazululo se:

• amanzi - 10 l
• i-zinc sulfate - 1 g,
• urea - 10 g
• sulfate yethusi - 2 g.

Ukubola kwezimpande

Ezimweni zokushisa ezingezinhle nezomhlabathi, izitshalo ziba buthaka futhi zingabola izimpande. Umenzeli wayo we-causative usemhlabathini, kwesinye isikhathi ezinhlanyelweni. Ngokuvamile kuvela ezindlini zokugcina izithombo lapho amazinga okushisa aphezulu nomswakama awabonwa. Isithombo esithintekile sivele sivele sivele, sibe nsundu, bese izitshalo ziyafa. Ngemivimbo enguvu yabantu abadala, amaqabunga aqala ukuguquka aphuzi futhi abune, izimpande ziba nsundu, iziqu zihlanganisiwe. Lesi sifo singavinjelwa ngokuhlwanyela imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu, ngokubheka imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo kanye nemingcele yokushisa nomswakama.

Izilokazane zeMelon

Kunezinambuzane eziningana eSiberia ezithanda ukujabulela izithelo namaqabunga amakhabe. Ukulwa nabo, kusetshenziswa ama-insecticides nama-acaricides.

Ama-insecticides ama-insecticides, ama-acaricides angamikhaza.

Ama-aphid amnandi

Lesi sinambuzane esincane sicashe ezimpandeni zokhula. Kusatshalaliswa ezindaweni zaseSiberia zaseNtshonalanga. Entwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka lifike ku-12 ° C, i-aphid iyaphuma iqale ukondla ngokhula, bese ishintshela ezitshalweni ezitshaliwe. Imibala yezinambuzane ihlala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, idle ujusi wayo, futhi ibuye ithinte izimbali namahlumela.

Ama-aphid athwala izifo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ikhukhamba mosaics.

Imithombo epholile ye-aphid ihlala emaqabunga amakhabe, iziqu nezimbali

Ukulwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi esikhathini sezulu esibandayo, kusetshenziswa i-Decis, okuzosebenza ngempumelelo futhi ngokushesha (ngamahora ayi-10-12) ukubhubhisa ama-aphid. Ngokufafaza, i-0.35-0,5 g yesidakamizwa iyoncibilika ku-5 l wamanzi. Le mali yanele ukuphatha i-100 m² imibhede. Esimweni esishisayo, i-Fitoverm iyasetshenziswa - kuzothatha amahora angama-72 ukunqoba ngokuphelele inkathazo. Ukwelashwa, u-1 ml wamanzi uthathwa no-2 ml wesidakamizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho kunemithi eminingi yesintu yokulwa nalesi sinambuzane esaziwayo.

Melon ukundiza

Impukane iMelon ingathela amakhabe ezifundeni zaseSiberia ezisemngceleni weKazakhstan. Isikhathi sendiza sandisiwe futhi sihlala cishe inyanga. Izimpukane zabesifazane zizalela amaqanda ngaphansi kwesikhumba lwamakhabe, lapho kuvela khona izibungu ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4. Zingena ngokushesha epulpiti bese ziqala ukuzondla ngalo, zidlule emimoyeni eminingi ecijayo. Izibungu zinobude obungu-5-10 mm, isikhathi sokuphila sezinsuku eziyi-10. Izithelo ezithintekile ziyabola, azifanele ukudla. Ukutholwa kwe-melon fly kungabonakala ngokuba khona kwezimbobo ezincane ebusweni be-fetus lapho izibungu zingene ngaphakathi.

Ungabona i-melon fly lesion ngokuba khona kwezimbobo ezincane ebusweni be-fetus

Ukuze uvimbele, kulinywa ngokujulile ekwindla kwenziwa (ukumba ngokujulile kwenhlabathi ekwindla sekwephuzile), kusetshenziswa imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, izinhlobo ezivuthiwe ezisetshenzisiwe. Isilinganiso esisebenzayo ukuvikelwa kokutshala ngezinto zokumboza ezikhanyayo (i-spanbond, i-lutrasil, njll.) Nge-density ye-17 g / m² isikhathi sokundiza.

Izindlela zokwelapha zokuthibela ezinama-insecticides anjengeDecis, Fufanon, Fitoverm, Iskra-Bio ziyasebenza. Kusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokundiza kwezimpukane ngokunqunyelwa kwezinsuku eziyi-10-15. Izisombululo zilungiswa ngokuya ngemiyalo esetshenzisiwe.

Isikhala sesicabucabu

Ezimweni ezivaliwe, i-spite mite izizwa ingcono kakhulu, yize ivame yonke indawo. Ihlobo elomile, elishisayo limthandela ngokukhethekile. Ukulwa ngamaqabunga (ezinhlangothini zombili), iziqu nezithelo (ngomonakalo omkhulu). Izitshalo ezonakele zithola umbala ophuzi ophuzi, i-web elincanyana livela ngaphakathi kwe-stems naphakathi kwamaqabunga asondele. Amaqabunga aqhuma futhi afe, iziqu ziveziwe, izithelo ziyancipha.

Emakhayeni aphakathi naphakathi kwamaqabunga, isicabucabu sigqoka i-web emincane, esobala

Ukuze uvimbele ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ingaphezulu lomhlaba liyathathelwa indawo, lithanjiswe, kanye nokwelashwa okuvamile ngama-acaricides. Ungancoma iKarbofos, Actellik, Apollo. Lezi zimali kufanele zishintshwe, njengoba zingumlutha.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Ngokubeka izithelo ze-melon zesitoreji, kubalulekile ukunquma ngokufanelekile isilinganiso esifunekayo sokuvuthwa. Amajikijolo anetha elivezwe kancane awafundeki futhi awakafinyelelwa lapho kugcinwa khona ukuvuthwa. Izithelo ezinetha eligcwele zivuthwa ngokushesha, futhi impilo yazo yeshelufu ngeke idlule izinyanga ezi-2. Ngamandla, kufanele unqume ukuthi "igolide kusho ukuthini."

Uma izinhlobonhlobo zingenalo inethi, khona-ke ziqondiswa ngezinga lokuphuza kwegxolo.

Ukulondolozela amakhabe afanelekile wokuvuthwa sekwephuzile, lapho eSiberia kungatholakala kuphela ku-greenhouse.

Lapho uvuna, isigaxa esingaba ngu-5 cm ubude sishiyelwa ukugcinwa. Amamoni ahlelwe ngosayizi nokuvuthwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, zifakwe emashalofini okhuni emgqeni owodwa. Ungase futhi ulenga izithelo kusukela ophahleni noma ngemishayo emanetheni okotini ahambile. Ngokushisa kwe-1-3 ° C kanye nomswakama ka-70-80%, amakhabe angagcinwa kuze kube nguFebhuwari ngisho noMashi.

Amamonons okugcina angalengiswa emanethini noma aboshwe ngentambo

Kuyavela ukuthi esikhathini sethu, amakhabe angatshalwa eSiberia. Kuliqiniso, emikhakheni eyehlukene izimo ezikhulayo ziyehlukile, kepha lokhu akufanele kumise isasasa langempela. Ukusiza abalimi - imibhede efudumele, izinto zokufakelwa zesimanje, izithombo zokugcina izithombo zep polycarbonate, izinhlobo ezihluliwe.