Endle, ama-blueberries asatshalaliswa kabanzi emahlathini aseYurophu, eRussia nasenyakatho ye-Asia Ephakathi. Abantu bakhetha amajikijolo, kepha lokhu kuyibhizinisi elisebenzayo nelingasebenzi. Ungazama ukukhulisa ama-blueberries engadini yakho.
Ama-Blueberries engadini
Ama-blueberries ahlanganisiwe ayivelakancane. Okokuqala, ukuwuhlakulela kudinga inhlabathi ekhethekile, hhayi konke okulungele izilimo eziningi zasengadini. Okwesibili, isivuno endaweni yunithi ngayinye asiyinhle kangako. Abalimi abaningi banezindatshana ezincane, futhi akuyena wonke umuntu onquma ukuthatha amamitha ayisikwele ayigugu ngenxa yamakhilogremu amaningi. Kepha amajikijolo akhulile, futhi isipiliyoni esiphumile sesitholiwe. Ngenxa yokunakekelwa okufanele, kunikeza isivuno esiningi kunokuba kusendle ehlathini.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ama-blueberries engadini akhiqiza isivuno esihle
Ukusakazwa kwe-Blueberry
Lapho uzama ukuthenga izithombo ze-blueberry enkulisa, kungahle kube nokungaqondi. Iqiniso ngukuthi e-USA naseCanada izihlobo ezisondelene zehlathi lethu ama-blueberries (i-Vaccinium myrtillus) zikhula - ama-blueberries amancane (i-Vaccinium angustifolium) ne-Canadian blueberries (Vaccinium myrtilloides). I-Blueberry etshaliwe isitshalo esinde (kufika ku-3 m), ikhiqiza kakhulu kunama-blueberries ajwayelekile. Amajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka alula, njengoba negama lisikisela, alinamanzi amancane futhi angazishiyi izindawo ezimnyama, njengama-blueberries.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole ama-blueberries amahlathi ajwayelekile, kungenzeka kakhulu, kuyodingeka ubheke izinto zokutshala hhayi ezinkulisa, kodwa ehlathini. Ama-Blueberries asatshalaliswa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- wonke amahlathi ambe ngezimpande;
- izihlahla ezinezimpande ezihlukaniswe amahlumela;
- imbewu.
Imbewu
Le nqubo idla isikhathi futhi iminyaka eminingi. Iminyaka emithathu idlula ukusuka ekuhlwayelweni kwembewu iye esivunweni sokuqala.
- Amajikijolo avuthiwe achotshozwa endishini kuze kube yilapho amazambane abunjiwe kahle. Thela amanzi, hlanganisa. Imbewu engenalutho iyantanta, iyasuswa. Isigaxa sigezwa kaningi kuze kuhlale imbewu ephelele. Zisindayo kunamanzi futhi zihlala phansi.
Ukulungiselela imbewu ye-blueberry, amajikijolo avuthiwe akhethiwe, okumele achotshozwe
- Imbewu ingatshalwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokoma.
- Njengomugqa ongaphansi, inhlabathi yehlathi isetshenziswa ukusuka kulezo zindawo lapho kukhula khona ama-blueberries. Ungalungisa le ngxube ngokwakho ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo zesihlabathi, i-peat, izinaliti ezibolile noma ezisikiwe.
- I-Stratifying (tempering at emazingeni aphansi okushisa) imbewu ye-blueberry ayinangqondo. Lo msebenzi ukhulisa ukumelana nesithwathwa zezitshalo ezithanda ukushisa. Kodwa ama-blueberries akhula ngisho nasemingceleni eseningizimu ye-Arctic Circle, ngakho-ke akukho phuzu ekuqineni okwengeziwe.
- Imbewu itshalwa kumuntu ongama-0.5-1 cm, imbozwe ngefilimu noma ngengilazi ukudala izimo zokugcina ukushisa bese zigcinwa emazingeni okushisa endlu.
- Amahlumela kufanele avele ezinsukwini ezingama-21-30. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, ungagcina izithombo endaweni emnyama, kepha ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhluma kokuqala kokuhluma, kuyadingeka ukukhanya, ngaphandle kwalokho izitshalo zizokwelula ngokushesha futhi ziphuzi.
Lapho kuvela amahlumela amajikijolo, isitsha kufanele sibekwe endaweni ekhanyayo
- Nsuku zonke, amabhokisi ayavela, ayindiza, kuthi lapho ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi womile, luswakanyiswe kancane.
- Ebusika, izithombo zigcinwa ukukhanya ebangeni lokushisa lika-5-10mayelanaC.
- Entwasahlobo, izithombo zidonsa ihlumela elilodwa esitsheni esehlukile esinamandla okungenani amalitha ayi-0,5-0.7. Kulezi zimbiza kutshalwa omunye unyaka, kuthi kwentwasahlobo elandelayo kutshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo.
Izihlahla kanye namahlumela
Ukwehlukanisa isihlahla, amahlumela ngama-buds angama-5-7 nezinqubo ezakhiwe kahle zezimpande kukhethiwe. Futhi, ekwindla, ungathola ihlumela elizimele uma entwasahlobo ucindezela iwele phansi bese ufafaza ngenhlabathi. Kule ndawo, izimpande zakha ekwindla, kanti ihlumela lingasikwa futhi litshalwe kabusha.
Inqubo yokutshala isihlahla:
- Isihlahla esinamakhompiyutha esineminyaka engu-2-3 simbiwa ehlathini noma enkulisa, mhlawumbe ngesigaxa esikhulu somhlaba. Ukufakelwa akufanele kubambezeleke. Ngokushesha noma yisiphi isitshalo esinohlelo oluvulekile lwezimpande sisuka endaweni siya endaweni, okulula ukuthi kube nezimpande. Izimpande zakho ezincanyana azinaso isikhathi sokufa, futhi ekuqaleni ngenxa yomququ wenhlabathi omanzi izitshalo azigcini ziphele. Uma kunesidingo, isihlahla sigcinwa ethunzini futhi sipholile, ukumboza izimpande kusuka ekukhanyeni ngendwangu emanzi eyenziwe ngendwangu yemvelo.
- Esakhiweni sokufika, umgodi wenziwa ngokuya ngosayizi wezimpande. Batshala njengazo zonke izithombo - baqonde izimpande, babeke izindunduma zomhlaba okungaxhunyiwe kulungiselelwe emgodini, bagcwalise uhlelo lwezimpande ngenhlabathi ukuze kungabikho zinsiza, zibumbene, zichithwe kahle.
- Ukufakelwa amahlumela kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo, umehluko kuphela ukuthi ihlumela lilincane kune-bush futhi imigodi yenziwa incane.
- Ngemuva kokutshala, indawo engaphansi kwama-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka idinga ukuhlanganiswa, mhlawumbe nge-mulch yehlathi kusuka kulezo zindawo lapho ama-blueberries akhula kahle. Lawa ngamaqabunga amasha futhi abolile, izinaliti, onomhlaba ongaphezulu. Ama-Blueberries atshalwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, kanti ukuchelela okunjalo ngeke kuvikele kuphela inhlabathi ukuthi isome ukuphuma ehlobo elizayo, kunikeze ukugqoka okuphezulu kweminyaka ezayo, kepha futhi kuvikele uhlelo lwezimpande olungakaqiniswa ekuqandeni ebusika.
Ngokutshala engadini, amahlahla aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka aneminyaka emihlanu ubudala abembiwe ehlathini kufanelekile
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Blueberry
Ama-Blueberries akhula kahle ekufukukeni okukhulu kwezwekazi lethu, ngakho-ke akukho mehluko okhethekile kulinywayo lwawo, ngokwesibonelo, esifundeni saseMoscow esibandayo nesifudumele i-Ukraine. Umehluko ungaba kuphela mayelana nokuvuthwa (eningizimu, amajikijolo okuqala avuthwa ngaphambili) futhi ngokwemibandela yokutshala (ekwindla aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka atshalwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa esitebeleni).
Inhlabathi
Inhlabathi yendabuko yama-blueberries ayikhululekile, ama-sandwich ama-sandwich aphefumulayo anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-humus yemvelo kusuka kumaqabunga nezinwele eziwile. Cishe azikaze zomiswe futhi zihlala zimanzi ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nobubanzi obukhulu be-mulch. Ama-Blueberries yisitshalo esidinga inhlabathi enama-asidi kakhulu nge-pH ka-4-5,5. Esimweni esine-asidi, lesi sitshalo sakha i-chlorosis.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-blueberries, njengabameleli abaningi be-heather, angakhula kuphela ngokudalwa yisikhunta. Izinhlayiya ze-mycelium ezingabonakali zizotshalwa zingene enhlabathini kanye nasemhlabathini ezimpandeni zesitshalo.
Ungakha isisekelo sama-blueberries ngokwezifiso. Okokuqala, kuyo yonke indawo esuswe ukhula, amaqabunga ama-humus noma i-sphagnum Peat ihlakazeka ngenani lamalitha ayi-12-16 nge-1 m2. Ngemuva kwalokho ukumba imigodi yokufika nge-ububanzi kanye nokujula kwama-30 x 30 cm. Inhlabathi eyekiwe kwisilinganiso esingu-1: 1 ihlanganiswa ne-humus noma i-peat. Lapho utshala le ngxube, izimpande zesitshalo ziyambozwa.
Uma inhlabathi i-clayey, isindayo, isihlabathi somfula siyangezwa enhlabathini nasezintweni eziphilayo. I-50-70 g yesidlo sethambo ingafafazwa emhlabathini ongenalutho futhi ongenakuthela emgodini ngamunye. Le ngubo ephezulu ingashintshwa nge-ammonium sulfate, esisakazeke ngemuva kokutshala (15 g nge-1 m2).
I-Leafy nanoma iyiphi i-humus yemifino ine-acidic emvelweni. Ungasebenzisa noma iyiphi enye i-humus, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka kumquba, sawdust. Uma ungaqiniseki nge-acidity yenhlabathi elungiselelwe, ungamanzisa le ndawo ngesisombululo se-citric acid nge-1 tsp. ku-10 l wamanzi. Futhi yandisa i-acidity ye-sulfure ehlakazekile ehlungiwe ngesilinganiso esingu-50-60 g nge-1 m2.
Inhlabathi efaneleke kakhulu kuma-blueberries ifana nalena ekhula ngayo ehlathini.
Beka
Ehlathini, ama-blueberries angabonakala angalithandi ilanga. Kepha okuhlangenwe nakho kokukhula kufakazele ukuthi ngokukhanya okwanele, kuthela izithelo ezingcono, izithelo ezengeziwe, zinkudlwana futhi zinhle. Noma kunjalo, ama-blueberries angaphansi komthunzi. Ungasitshaleli ngokushisa okuphelele, ngokwesibonelo, emithambekeni eseningizimu ngaphandle kokuncibilika okuncane, lapho kungashiswa khona. Futhi ungatshala emthunzini oyingxenye, lapho ehlobo ilanga lenzeka khona, kepha hhayi usuku olugcwele, noma isithunzi esigaxekile ngaphansi komqhele onqabile kude nebanga nezihlahla.
Ngokukhanya okuhle, kepha hhayi okweqile, ama-blueberries athela izithelo kangcono
Ukunisela, ukhula, mulching
Kuyadingeka ukuqapha umswakama owenele womhlaba kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele. Yize ungqimba olubanzi olwenziwe nge-mulch luzoxazulula le nkinga cishe ngokuphelele. Ngaphansi kwawo, inhlabathi ayomile, futhi ukunisela kuyadingeka kuphela ngesikhathi sesomiso eside.
Ukhula luyadingeka futhi. Ama-Blueberries awanayo uhlelo olunamandla kakhulu lwezimpande. Ukhula oluningi lwengadi lungadala umncintiswano oqinile kuye futhi luze lukhiphe ukukhula. Kusetshenziswa ithuluzi, ukhula luyadingeka ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-mulch, kuthi emva kwalokho ungqimba lwe-mulching ngaphansi kwezihlahla luzovumela ukhula oluncane ukuthi lunqamule, futhi ezinkulu ezinkulu zingasuswa kalula ngesandla.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-mulch rots, futhi udinga ukwengeza okusha njengoba kudingeka. Ngaphambi kobusika, futhi udinga i-mulch entsha, ezogcina izimpande zingaboli.
I-mulch ebolile isebenza njengomthombo wokudla wama-blueberries, ngakho-ke ayidingi ukugqoka okuphezulu okuphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umanyolo wezimbiwa ungasilimaza nesitshalo. Isibonelo, umanyolo we-nitrogen uzodala ukukhula okukhulu kwesisindo esiluhlaza, kuphazamise imetabolism ejwayelekile, futhi kube kubi kakhulu ikhwalithi yamajikijolo.
Izihlahla zokuthena
Akukho ukuvumelana ekuthenweni kwezihlahla ze-blueberry ezimangalisa. Abanye abalimi bakholelwa ukuthi awudingi ukuthinta ama-blueberries nhlobo futhi kufanele ukhule ngokwawo, njengoba efuna. Abanye bathi ukuthulula emva kweminyaka emithathu yokukhula kuyisisekelo sesilimo esiphakeme nesisezingeni elifanele.
Ungama endaweni yegolide. Kuyadingeka:
- izihlahla zokuhlanzeka (susa wonke amagatsha agulayo futhi abuthakathaka);
- ukuthamba okunciphayo (susa ingxenye yamagatsha akhula ngaphakathi komqhele ukuze uthuthukise ukukhanya ngaphakathi kwesihlahla);
- ukuthenwa kokuguga (okwenziwa ezihlahleni ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-5. Sika amagatsha amadala, akhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha).
Ividiyo: ama-blueberries akhula engadini
Ukubuyekezwa
Kungcono ukutshala ama-blueberries ngo-Okthoba. Kuzoba ngcono uma utshala izihlahla ezineminyaka emibili noma emithathu ubudala. Amabhasi anezithelo ezinkulu angathathwa ehlathini futhi adluliselwe ezweni lawo. Futhi thina, maye, asinazo izinhlobo ezinhle, ngoba abalimi bethu abakaqali ukuyikhulisa.
isikhathi//forum.rmnt.ru/threads/chernika.92887/
Ngazama ukutshala ama-blueberries. AmaSaplings kumele athengwe esitolo noma enkulisa, ihlathi esizeni ngeke likhule. Qinisekisa ukudala inhlabathi ene-acid kuyo: engeza yonke into emgodini - i-peat, amaqabunga avuthiwe. Indawo kumele ibethelwe futhi ihlale ihlala ngaphansi komqhele wezihlahla. Manje ekuthengisweni kukhona okufana nama-blueberries anencazelo yama-blueberries, kukhona okuphambene.
Elena Kulagina//www.agroxxi.ru/forum/topic/210-handbook/
Eminyakeni emine edlule, watshala izihlahla ezimbalwa eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka embhedeni olungiselelwe. Ngo-Agasti wenza inhlabathi yombhede isuselwa ku-peat exutshwe nesihlabathi, sawdust, ngokufaka okuncane kwesibabule (ikota lezipuni). Amabhasi asemthunzini engxenyeni ebabazekayo yesayithi. Kutalwe emigqeni emibili ibanga elingama-40 cm, uthele i-asidi eyenziwe nge-citric emanzini ngesilinganiso esingu-1 kuya ku-10. Izithelo zokuqala zavela kuphela kulo nyaka.
matros2012//forum.rmnt.ru/threads/chernika.92887/
Ngama-blueberries akhulayo engadini akukho bunzima nezinkinga ezikhethekile, ngaphandle kwenhlabathi. Ekwakheke kahle noma okulethwe ehlathini inhlanganisela yomhlabathi ehlathini izitshalo ziyamila futhi zizothela izithelo. Kuliqiniso, ama-blueberries mancane ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane bamajikijolo.
