Ukukhula kwezitshalo zeqanda

Ukuhlwanyela izithombo zezitshalo seqanda: iseluleko esiwusizo

Namuhla kunzima ukuthola umuntu ongazange azame ama-eggplant: ebusika, eqoshiwe, ehlobo - e-grill, njll.

Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo izitsha ezilula, lapho indima eyinhloko ibelwe ama-eggplant.

Kubantu abavamile kuvame ukuzwa ukuthi le mifino ibizwa kanjani ngokuthi "blue" noma "demyanka".

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isitshalo seqanda siyindlu yokufudumala eNdiya, namhlanje lemifino iyalinywa emhlabeni jikelele.

Futhi, inamba enkulu yezinhlobonhlobo.

Ungakhula kuzo zombili izimo zokushisa kanye nomhlabathi ovulekile.

Kulesi sihloko sizofunda zonke izigaba eziyinhloko zokukhula kwezitshalo zeqanda.

Izithombo ze-isitshalo seqanda: zonke izigaba zokulungiselela ukuhlwanyela

Uma usuvele unqume ukutshala izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda wena, kufanele ubheke amaphuzu alandelayo kulokhu okulandelayo:

  • Ngaphambi kokuma amehlo akho ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-eggplants eyodwa noma enye, oyifunayo ngokucophelela zonke izinhlobo ze-nuances zokulima, okungukuthi: izidingo zomhlabathi, ezihlukahlukene ze-whimsical, izici zendawo ekhulayo (ukushisa okushisa noma umhlabathi ovulekile), ukugqoka, ukuchelela, amakhekhe, njll.

    Futhi ngemva kwalokho ungakhetha ukuhlukahluka okuthile kwezimo ezikhulayo ezikhona.

  • Kunconywa ukuba ukhethe imbewu, enikezwe endaweni yakho, evunyelwe.
  • Uma wena ngokwakho ubhekene nokulungiselela ukutshala izinto, khona-ke qiniseka ukuthi izimo zokugcina zihlangene kahle. Uma kuthengwa imbewu, qiniseka ukuthi unake izinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi ezikhonjisiwe kumaphakheji.

Ukukhethwa nokulungiselela imbewu: isigaba sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu

Isigaba sokuqala somsebenzi wabalimi abanolwazi luhlolo lwembewu yokuhluma. Ungakwenza lokhu kanje:

  • Thatha isikhwama sekhotini, noma ucezu lwalolu hlobo lwendwangu.
  • Bopha imbewu kuyo (cishe izinto eziyishumi).
  • Beka lesi sikhwama ngokutshala izinto emanzini ekamelweni lokushisa, usuku olulodwa.
  • Phuma emanzini epulatifheni cishe izinsuku ezintathu noma ezingu-6. Kubalulekile ukugcina isikhwama semvula.
  • Emva kokuvela kwembewu ye-nakliuvshihsya, ungakwazi ukunquma ukuphumelela kokutshala okuqhubekayo. Uma amahlumela amahlanu kusuka kwayishumi ahluma - imbewu inhle.

Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuhokhwe kwisigaba esibaluleke kangaka somsebenzi njengokwakhelwa phambili kwezimbewu eziningi ezingekho hybrid. Futhi lokhu kungase kube ukulinganiswa, ukuvuselela, ukungasebenzi kahle, ukuqhuma, njalonjalo.

Okufinyeleleka kakhulu, futhi ngesisekelo salokhu kanye nendlela evamile yokusatshalaliswa kwemithi yokutshala imithi, i-potassium permanganate:

  • Gweba imbewu imizuzu engu-20-30 kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
  • Hlanza ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
  • Hambisa usuku ekubunjweni kokudla okunomsoco. Ukwakhiwa kokunomsoco kungalungiswa ngezindlela ezilandelayo: nciphisa i-spoonful ye-wood ash (nge nitrophosphate noma i-sodium humate) etafuleni lamanzi.
  • Susa imbewu ku-saucer ngaphambi kokuhluma.

Indlela elula futhi engabizi yokucubungula izokunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu nokutshala amahlumela emhlabathini, kanye nokufaka isandla ekwandeni nasekunyuseni kokuvunwa kokuqala.

Ukulimala kungenye yezindlela ezingavamile zokulungiselela imbewu yokutshala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ulandele izigaba ezilandelayo zokuchayeka emibhalweni ehlukene yokushisa:

  • Imbewu, eyaphathwa ngaphambilini ngesisombululo sezakhi, esikhwameni esifanayo, indawo yezinsuku ezimbili engxenyeni engezansi yesiqandisisi.
  • Bese ususe futhi uguqukele endaweni efudumele (mhlawumbe ngokushisa okungenani 25 - 30 °).
  • Phinda ufake efrijini izinsuku ezimbili.
  • Susa imbewu kusuka esiqandisini bese uhlwanyela ngokushesha enhlabathini elungiselelwe.

Konke lokhu kudingekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imbewu yayisimanzi.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa: Abalimi abaningi abanolwazi batusa ukusebenzisa imbewu hhayi ngonyaka wokuqala wokugcina ukuhlwanyela, kubhekwa kangcono uma uneminyaka emibili ubudala. Bathi yiyo imbewu yonyaka ekhonjiswa isikhathi eside sokuhluma, kanye nokuhluma okuphansi. Kodwa, ukhetho luhlala luwakho njalo.

Impumelelo yokutshala imbewu ye-eggplant - inhlabathi elungiselelwe kahle

Sonke sesazi isikhathi eside izidingo ezijwayelekile zokuhlwanyela inhlabathi: kufanele ibe yande, ikhululekile, ilula, isondelene kakhulu ne-neutral (ngaphesheya kwezinga le-acidity).

New wayengazi lutho, akunjalo? Futhi abalimi abaningi bayaqiniseka ukuthi uma unamathele kula maqiniso alula, impumelelo yomkhankaso wokufika uqinisekisiwe. Kodwa hhayi lapha bekukhona. Isitshalo seqanda sifuna kakhulu ukukhiqiza inhlabathi.

Ungalungisa inhlanganisela yenhlabathi usebenzisa izindlela zokupheka ezilandelayo:

  1. Hlanganisa ngisho namanani: i-humus, i-peat ne-sod.
  2. I-60% ye-peat ephakeme, i-10% yezwe le-sod, i-20% yama-humus, i-5% yesihlabathi noma i-sawdust, i-5% ye-biohumus.
  3. Izingxenye ezine ze-lowland peat, izingxenye ezintathu ze-compost noma i-humus kanye nengxenye eyodwa yomfula wesanti. Njengoba ukhethe ibhakede lenhlanganisela enjalo, engeza ingilazi yomlotha noma amabhokisi omdlalo amathathu we-superphosphate. Faka kahle.
  4. Uma uthathe inhlabathi ethengiwe, qiniseka ukuthi ungeze isihlabathi se-calcined ne-vermicost (izingxenye ezimbili kuya ezingxenyeni eziyishumi zenhlabathi). Ngakho-ke, uzokwandisa izinga le-phosphorus.

Into esemqoka ukuhlanganisa yonke into ukuze umphumela wokugcina uhlangabezane nezidingo ezijwayelekile zokutshala inhlabathi. Khetha iresiphi efanelwe ukunambitheka kwakho, ngokucabangela okuthandwa kwakho kanye nezinto zangempela zokulima.

Uma uhlela ukukhulisa izitshalo ze-isitshalo seqanda kusayithi, khona-ke kuphakanyiswa ukuthi uqale ukulungiselela le ndawo ekwindla. Lapho kuqala i-autumn ejulile, ngaphambi kokumba, engeza cishe imitha eyodwa yesikwele: i-humus - 3 kuya ku-4 kg, i-superphosphate - 400 - 500 g, i-potassium chloride - 100 - 150 g

Into esemqoka ukulandela ukuze i-pH yenhlabathi ingadluli ezingeni lika-6.0 - 6.7. Uma inhlabathi ingama-acidic, ungakhohlwa ukubola yonke iminyaka emithathu kuya kweyine.

Ungafaka ama-eggplants emva kwanoma yiziphi izitshalo zemifino, ngaphandle komndeni we-nightshade. Futhi akukhuthazwa ukuthi ubuyele endaweni yangaphambilini ngaphambi kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu kamuva.

Ukukhethwa kwamathangi okutshala imbewu ye-eggplant

Kuze kube manje, ikhono lokukhulela izitshalo ze-eggplant ekhaya, isethi enkulu. Zingahluka kakhulu. Umthetho oyinhloko ekukhetheni izitsha - yikukhethwa kwaloluhlobo lweziqukathi, ngakho esikhathini esizayo kungenzeka ukuba ugweme inqubo yokukhetha izithombo, ukuyishintsha nge-transshipment.

Njengoba ukukhetha kuyimbangela yokulimala ezimpandeni ezibuthakathaka, nokukhula okungenakugwemeka ukukhula.

Futhi-ke, siyaqhubeka namathangi angakwesokudla. Ungabathengisa esitolo, noma uzenze ezithwaleni.

Izinketho ezithandwayo kakhulu zokuthenga ziyi-peat izindebe. Ziphefumula kahle futhi azihlaziyi umswakama. Izimila ezikhulile kulesisitsha asikhiphi endebeni, kodwa zihanjiswa noma zingene kwisitsha esikhulu noma ngqo emhlabathini. Izimpande azivumi futhi azilimazi, okuyimfihlo "hhayi umlindi, kodwa ukuvuselela ukukhula."

Isiqukathi esivumelwaneni sezithombo, iminyaka eminingi manje, yizinkomishi ezivamile zepulasitiki ezilahlayo. Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene bekulokhu ibhonasi yalolu hlobo lweziqukathi zezithombo.

Inketho yokuhlwanyela izithombo, ungakhetha kanye namathonti akhethekile. Ngakho-ke, uzobeka isitshalo ngasinye ngokwehlukana. Umswakama ovela kubo uphuthuka kancane, futhi ukuma kwezitsha kusiza ukuhamba okuphephile. Zonke izitshalo zisesimweni esifanayo, ezisiza ukwenza lula ukunakekelwa.

Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngokutshala pepper elimnandi.

Ukutshala izithombo nokufakelwa kabusha: ulwazi oluyisisekelo nolwalugugu kakhulu

Uma usuvele unqume ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zembewu, wenze imisebenzi edingekayo nabo, uthatha iziqukathi ezidingekayo, uzigcwalise ngenhlabathi, bese kulandela inqubo yokuhlwanyela imbewu yama-eggplant. Kukhona nenani elikhulu kakhulu lama-nuances ahlobene nesikhathi sokuhlwanyela kanye nohlelo.

Imigomo yokuhlwanyela imbewu yeqanda - kubalulekile ukuyigcina? Futhi ungazichaza kanjani?

Embuzweni lapho kudingeka khona ukutshala imbewu yama-eggplants, abalimi abaningi bazophendula ukuthi kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngoFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMatshi. Eqinisweni, le mpendulo idijithi ezimbili, ngoba isifunda kanye nesikhathi sokuhlelwa okuhleliwe emhlabathini kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kucatshangelwe (okuphinde kuxhomeke ezimweni zesimo sezulu).

Izithombo ze-isitshalo seqanda ezikhulile ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngesikhathi sokutshala, ziyobe zikhulu kakhulu, okuzayo esikhathini esizayo ngokulingana nokuphila kwayo. Ukuhlwanyela okwesikhashana - uthembisa ukungabi nesikhathi esivumelanayo sokuzivumelanisa emva kokuphuma.

Ngokusekelwe kolwazi olungenhla, isiphetho yilokhu okulandelayo: Izinsuku ezithile zokuhlwanyela imbewu ye-eggplant kumele zibalwe ngokuzimela, ngoba wonke umuntu unemibandela ehlukene kanye nesayithi lokufika (inhlabathi, ukushisa, ukushisa).

Kodwa ifomula jikelele yilezi: ukuhlwanyela imbewu kufanele ibe yizinyanga ezingu-2.5 kuya kwezi-3 ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo endaweni engunaphakade. Kubalulekile ukubala ukuthi umhlaba ngalesi sikhathi wawushisa ukushisa okungenani + 18 °.

Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo senze uhlelo oluqinile lwempande, kukhona amaqabunga angu-6-8, isiqu esinamandla, nokutholakala kwezimbali nezimbali nakho. Ngokunamathela kumathiphu angenhla ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela isitshalo seqanda, uzonciphisa ingozi yokulahlekelwa isitshalo noma ukuveza izitshalo ekungcoleni kwesifo okungenani.

Umkhiqizo ophezulu wama-eggplants kanye nohlelo lokutshala: yiziphi izici nokuxhumeka?

Izitshalo zokutshala izitshalo zeqanda zilula uma kwenzeka ngaphansi kwefilimu ekhethekile yokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo, noma kubamba ukushisa, ngoba lesi sitshalo sishisa kakhulu futhi sithandana nelanga. Imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe emigqeni ngokujula kwe-1 -1.5 amasentimitha.

Imigqa kufanele ibe nomhlabathi kancane futhi inhlanganiswe kancane. Kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukugeleza kwamanzi Ukumboza imbewu ngokugqoka eplastiki. Kufanele ihlolwe futhi izinga lokushisa, akumele libe ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-26.

Uma udlulisela yonke inqubo yokutshala izimo zekhaya, imbewu ngayinye ye-eggplant noma imbewu emibili kufanele itshalwe ku-cassette ehlukile noma embizeni encane, bese idluliselwa kwisitsha esikhulu (njengoba izithombo zikhula).

Kubalulekile ukwazi: awukwazi ukuhlwanyela izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-eggplants zibe isitsha esisodwa esincane. Imigomo yokuhluma ihlukile. Kungase kuphakame isimo: imbewu ethile ihlume futhi kufanele isuswe ngaphansi kwefilimu, kuyilapho imbewu yezinye izilwane isalokhu inqubo yokuhluma. Lungile - ibanga ngalinye lihlwanye ngokwehlukana.

Hlanganisa inhlabathi ngosizo lwamanzi aqhakazile. Njengoba kuwona kanye lamanzi ukuthi i-crystal lattice ilungile, futhi ukuvezwa kwesikhashana isikhathi esifushane kubakhuthaza ukukhula nokuqina.

Ezindaweni ezinemiqondo yokushisa epholile, futhi kunzima futhi kuncishiswe izifo. Uma ngesikhathi sokutshala kukhona iqhwa langempela, ungayisebenzisa.

Kubalulekile! Le ndlela yokugcoba iyadingeka ngoba ingakahlwanyeli imbewu, kodwa uma ukuhluma ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kwenziwa, khona-ke umhlabathi kufanele uphiswe.

Khona-ke ungaqala ukukhipha izithombo. Kuzwakala sengathi kwakungokwemvelo, kodwa empeleni le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngokuphathelene nezithombo zezitshalo zeqanda, ngoba izitshalo ze-eggplant zinezimpande ezilimazayo okunzima ukuzilungisa.

Kodwa-ke, uma ngabe ukhethe indlela yokulima ngokukhetha, khona-ke kufanele kwenziwe uma nje ama-cotyledons evuleka, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo sizolimala kancane.

Ukuze ungalimazi uhlelo lwempande, kungenzeka, izithombo ezikhulayo ekuqaleni kweziqukathi ezihlukene, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba kudingeka, udlulise iziqukathi ezinkulu (isibonelo, 200 kuqala, 600 ml).

Izisekelo eziyisisekelo zokunakekela izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda

Iviki lokuqala emva kokuhluma, izinga lokushisa kufanele lilingane emkhakheni we-+16 ° C. Yilo lokushisa angeke kube nomthelela ekwandeni kwezithombo. Lapho kufika amaqabunga wokuqala, izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lingakhuphuka libe ngu-+24 ° C emini, futhi kancane kancane ebusuku.

Kunconywa izinsuku ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-12 ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo kumbhede wensimu, ukuqala ukuyihlaba, kancane kancane ukunciphisa ubusuku (kuze kufike ku-14 °) nosuku (kuya ku-18 °) lokushisa. Ngemuva kwalendlela, isitshalo seqanda sizoba lula ukugxila endaweni entsha.

Uhlelo oluhle lokunisela, noma wonke ama-nuances omswakama

Izithombo ze-isitshalo seqabunga zibalulekile ukuphuza kahle amanzi. Ukuntuleka kobumswakama kuzoholela ekutheni ukuhluma kwesitshalo kungakapheli isikhathi eside, futhi okuqhubekayo - ukuncipha okukhulu kokuvunwa. Uma inhlabathi imanzi kakhulu, izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungal kanye nezimpande ezimpande zingenzeka. Ukunisela, kanye nokugqoka, kuyenzeka ngesikhathi sokusa sosuku.

Uhlelo oluhle lokutshala izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda lilingana kanje:

  • Ngaphambi kokuvela kwekhasi leqiniso lokuqala, amanzi angu-1-2 ayenziwa (3-4 amalitha ngomzuzu ngamunye).
  • Ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga lokuqala langempela - ukuphuza 2-3 (14-16 amalitha per m2).

Endaweni yokuhlala kufanele ihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umswakama ube ngu-60-65%. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa i-humidifier evamile yomoya noma indlela endala-ibhakede lamanzi eduze kwe-radiator.

Ukuvimbela, emva kokuvela kwezithombo zamaqabunga uthele ngaphezulu yena Isisombululo se-pink manganese.

Ngesikhathi sokuphuza, gwema amanzi emaqabunga. Kumele futhi uqiniseke ukuthi amanzi epanini akahlali, ngoba izobangela izimpande zibole. Ukufudumala ekamelweni nakho kuyisici esibalulekile ekunakekeleni izithombo, kodwa izakhi kufanele zigweme.

Uhlelo oluphansi lokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande kuma-eggplants, okokuqala kudinga ukuchelela kuphela ngaphansi kwempande, futhi ngemuva kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu kuphela anganisela epanini. Inhlabathi kumele ibe njalo esimweni esincane, kodwa akufanele ibe semanzi.

Ingabe ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyadingeka?

Ingxube yokuqala elungiselelwe kahle isithombo esondla ngokugcwele izakhi. Futhi kakade ngokukhula okudinga ukondliwa okwengeziwe.

Ngaphambi kokukhipha izithombo, ungondla ngesikhathi esisodwa ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi: ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi - ama-gram angu-25 omanyolo obunzima kunoma yiluphi uhlobo. Ukunisela kufanele kube ngaphansi kwempande, ngamanani amancane.

Ingabe kuningi noma ukukhanya okuncane okwenziwe izitshalo zeqanda?

Uma kuvela amahlumela izithombo zinganikeza ukukhanya okungeziwe. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo nesibani akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-20 cm. Njengoba likhula, isibani kufanele sikhuliswe.

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwandisa amathangi njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-4 kuya ku-180 ukuya efasiteleni, ngakho-ke, ukukhanya kwezimboni kuyoba. Uma ukunakekelwa kulungile, izitshalo ngeke zisolulwe, zizobe zihambelanisiwe, zibe nombala oluhlaza kanye nezimpande eziqinile.

Uma unamathela emithethweni eyisisekelo yokukhulela izitshalo zeqanda leqanda futhi uyayinakekela, ngokuqinisekile uzokwazi ukufeza isivuno esikhulu.