Amagilebhisi Amirkhan - ithebula lamagilebhisi ahlukahlukene wokuvuthwa kokuqala. Izinhlobonhlobo aziveli, kepha ngenxa yokulula nokungamelana kwawo nokubanda, ayakhiwe hhayi engxenyeni yaseYurophu yezwe lethu kuphela, kepha naseSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. I-Amirkhan iyigilebhisi elimnandi elijwayelekile lokusetshenziswa ehlobo, lijabulela ukuthandwa okuphakathi.
Umlando wokutshala kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi zase-Amirkhan
Amagilebhisi Amirkhan adotshwa eKuban, edolobheni iNovocherkassk, e-All-Russian Science Science Research Institute of namasiko aqanjwa ngo-Ya.I. IPotapenko, lapho bebelokhu bezala khona amagilebhisi isikhathi eside kakhulu. Umsebenzi walesi sikhungo uhlose ukuthola izinhlobo ezintsha ze-hybrid ezingakhula ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibuhlungu. Futhi njengoba kunabaningi bama-veine e-amateur e-Kuban, azikho izinkinga ngokuhlolwa okuphelele kwezinhlobo ezintsha.
I-All-Russian Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking yayihlelwe eminyakeni yangaphambi kwempi. Izinhlobonhlobo ezitholakala esikhungweni zisetshenziselwa ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wokuzalela endaweni efanayo, kanye nabasebenza newayini emazweni amaningi. Futhi okufana nokuRapture, Talisman, Victoria kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezivelele zokuhlobisa inzalo zisasetshenziswa kabanzi ngabakhiqizi abaningi bama-amateur ukuzalanisa izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zakamuva.
Ngo-1958, ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kwamagilebhisi kwahlelwa ezingeni lombuso. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, iSikhungo sadlulisela izinhlobo ezingama-77 zokuhlolwa, kufaka phakathi ama-nzalo ayi-52 we-interspecific. Ukubhaliswa Kwombuso Kwezinto ezifinyelelwe Okuvunyelwe Ukusetshenziswa kufaka izinhlobo ezingama-20 zokuzalela i-VNIIViV. Abasebenzi beSikhungo ngokwabo babheka izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu njengeVostorg, i-Agat Donskoy, iNyakatho neCabernet, iDruzhba, uPlatovsky, uFinist nabanye. Okuhlukahlukene i-Amirkhan ayifakwanga kulolu hlu. Ngokusobala, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, abadali ngokwabo abazange babone noma iyiphi inzuzo ekhethekile e-Amirkhan.
I-Amirkhan yadalwa ngokuhlanganisa izinhlobo ze-Yagdon neParele laseSaba. Njengazo zonke izimo zokuhlumeleliswa ngempumelelo, wazithathela kubazali izimfanelo zabo ezinhle kakhulu zabazali. Kepha into esemqoka i-Amirkhan engaziqhenya ngayo ukuthi ingatshalwa cishe kunoma yisiphi isifunda sezulu. Njengamanje, yaziwa cishe kulo lonke iRussia, ikhule ngempumelelo eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude.
Amagilebhisi uPearl Saba - omunye wabazali baka-Amirkhan
Incazelo yebanga
I-Amirkhan ikhula ngendlela yesihlahla esincane noma esiphakathi nendawo. Ukuvuthwa kanye nokuthela kwamahlumela kuphezulu kakhulu. Amaqabunga kukhona okusaqanda, ahlakazekile kancane, anemiphetho eqinile. Ukumenyezelwa kweqhwa okumenyezelwe - kufika ku-23 ... -25 mayelanaC, ukumelana nezifo ngezinga eliphakathi. Kusakazwa kalula ngokusika okuhle okwenziwe kahle, kepha eSiberia nase-Altai Territory kuvame ukuthi kukhuliswe ngokuxhunyelelwa ezinhlotsheni ezinokumelana nesithwathwa kuphela. Isilimo esithe xaxa asigcinwa kahle, ukwenziwa ngokwejwayelekile kuyadingeka: ngaphandle kwawo, ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo kuyabambezeleka, futhi usayizi wawo ancishiswe kakhulu.
Isivuno sezinhlobonhlobo sincane: cishe ama-3 kg amajikijolo aqokelelwa esihlahleni. Izinhlobonhlobo zingenye zokuqala: kusukela esikhathini sokuvulwa kwama-buds okuqala ukuya ekuvuneni, kuthatha izinyanga ezine. Ngakho-ke, ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yeRussia, amajikijolo ayadliwa maphakathi no-Agasti, futhi esifundeni esiphakathi noma esifundeni eseningizimu yeBelarus - eduze nasekupheleni kwekwindla. ESiberia, kubhekwa njengomvini ovuthiwe ophakathi nendawo. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyazithela, azidingi impova, ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa okusha, kungatshalwa isihlahla esisodwa kuphela, kepha kumndeni omkhulu nokwandisa isikhathi sokudla amagilebhisi, kufanele, ube nezihlahla ezi-1-2 ezingaphezulu kolunye uhlobo. Izinhlobonhlobo azivezwanga ekucwengekeni, zihlanganiswe ngokuphelele impova ngisho nangomswakama ophezulu.
Iqoqo ngokuyinhloko lingama-cylindrical, asayizi aphakathi: isisindo ukusuka ku-400 kuye ku-800 g. Izinhlobo zazo zingafinyelela ku-1 kg. Onke amajikijolo acishe abe ngosayizi ofanayo futhi acindezelwe ngokuqinile komunye nomunye. Ama-bunches abekezelela kahle izinto zokuhamba.
Amajikijolo avuthiwe ngokuphelele e-Amirkhan awepinki impela; kuphela ingxenye encane yabo ephukile
Amajikijolo atholakala kancane, abe nesikhumba esincanyana ne-pulp enamafutha kakhulu. Imbewu incane kakhulu. Usayizi wamajikijolo alinganiswa, isisindo sisuka ku-4 kuye ku-6. Amagilebhisi abe nesethulo esihle kakhulu. Ukunambitheka kulula, kumnandi, futhi kunethunzi elintekenteke le-nutmeg. Okuqukethwe ushukela kumajikijolo kungama-17-19%. Impilo yeshelf yinde impela, inyanga eyodwa nohhafu kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili. Amagilebhisi Amirkhan angawalezi zinhlobo zetafula: kudliwa ikakhulukazi okusha, kepha futhi kungasetshenziselwa amalungiselelo ahlukahlukene (njengamajusi, iziphuzo zezithelo, ukulondolozwa, amagilebhisi).
Izici Zomvini we-Amirkhan
Njengoba sesihlolile incazelo yamagilebhisi ase-Amirkhan, sizozama ukumnika incazelo ejwayelekile. Vele, nganoma isiphi isibonakaliso ungathola izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu nezimbi kakhulu, futhi uma uqhathanisa i-Amirkhan ngokuqondile nezinhlobo zetafula lokuvuthwa kokuqala, lokhu kuhlukahluka. Izinzuzo ezicacile zifaka:
- izimfanelo ezinhle zezimpahla zama-bunches kanye nokuhambisa kwazo;
- ukunambitheka okuhle kwamajikijolo amnandi;
- ukuntuleka kwe-peeling;
- ukuzala (akudingi impova);
- ukuphepha okuhle kwezitshalo zombili ezihlahleni nasesiqandisini;
- ukukhula okusheshayo nokuvuthwa okuhle kwamahlumela;
- ukukhululeka kokusakazwa ngemisiko;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa esiphakeme;
- ukunakekelwa kalula.
Okubi okuhlobene nezinhlobonhlobo, ama-viticulturists abheka:
- ukumelana okuphakathi kwezifo ezinkulu zamagilebhisi;
- isidingo sokuthena okunamakhono nokunisela izitshalo, ngaphandle kwawo amajikijolo amancane kakhulu;
- umkhiqizo ophansi.
Izici zokutshala nokukhula
Ngisho nezakhamizi zasehlobo ze-novice zingatshala i-Amirkhan esizeni sabo, ngoba ukunakekela leligilebhisi kulula. Futhi imithetho yokutshala, noma ubuchwepheshe bokunakekela ayifani nalezo ezinye izinhlobo zetafula. I-Amirkhan iyi-yamagilebhisi etafuleni lamagilebhisi elidala elidinga indawo yokukhanyisa ebusika. Inhlabathi ekahle yokutshala amagilebhisi ingaba chernozem ecebile ngamaminerali.
Njenganoma imaphi amagilebhisi, uthanda izindawo ezinelanga ezivikelwe yimimoya ebandayo. Kungcono ukuthi izindonga zendlu noma uthango oluphezulu olungenalutho luvikele izihlahla ohlangothini olusenyakatho. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, abalimi abaningi bakha izikrini zokuvikela ezikhethekile ngezindlela ezithuthukisiwe.
Udonga ohlangothini olusenyakatho luzovala kahle amagilebhisi avela emimoyeni ebandayo
I-Amirkhan isatshalaliswa kalula ngokusikwa, izinga lokusinda laso liphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lesi yisithombo esingahlwanyelwa uwedwa, ungatshala isiqu esikutholile esiqwini senye, izinhlobonhlobo zasendle ngaphezulu, ngokwesibonelo, amagilebhisi ase-Amur. Imvamisa eMpumalanga Ekude naseSiberia bakwenza lokho. Lapho ukhetha isithombo, into esemqoka ukuthi inezimpande ezakhiwe kahle. Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala, lesi yisithombo kufanele sehliselwe emanzini usuku, sinqume kancane izeluleko zezimpande ukuze zigcwele umswakama. Ungatshala amagilebhisi ekwindla, kepha kungcono entwasahlobo, ngo-Ephreli.
Ngokutshala kwentwasahlobo, umgodi kufanele ulungele ekwindla. Futhi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ehlobo, isiza esikhethiwe kufanele simbiwe ngomanyolo (umquba, umlotha, i-superphosphate), sisusa ukhula olungapheli. Ekwindla, udinga ukumba umgodi omkhulu, okungenani amasentimitha angama-70 ububanzi kanye nobubanzi. Ukudonswa phansi phansi (15- cm cm wamatshe amatshe, amatshe amatshe noma izitini ezaphukile) kuyadingeka kumagilebhisi. Ngezansi komgodi, kufanele kubekwe ungqimba lomanyolo oluhlanganiswa nenhlabathi enhle. Futhi ngaphezulu, lapho izimpande ezincane zizoba khona, kuphela inhlabathi evundile ehlanzekile okufanele ibekwe. Ngezansi komgodi, udinga ukudweba ucezu wepayipi elisindayo, ukuze kuthi eminyakeni yokuqala, nisela isithombo ngqo ezimpandeni.
Eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala, ipayipi elidonswe ezimpandeni lizonikeza ukuthambisa kalula.
Amagilebhisi kufanele atshalwe ajulile ukuze kungabikho ngaphezulu kwe-buds emibili ngaphezulu. Ukunisela isithombo kahle, kungakuhle ukuthi ufake izithombo zomhlabathi ezizungezile.
Ukunakekela i-Amirkhan kulula: ukuthambisa, ukufaka umquba, amahlumela we-garter, ukuthena, ukwelashwa okuvimbayo. Konke ngaphandle kokutshala akudingi ulwazi olukhethekile. Ukuncipha, noma kunjalo, kufanele kufundwe, ngaphandle kwalokhu akunakwenzeka: isivuno siba sibi minyaka yonke.
Amanzi amaningi awadingeki, kepha ukunisela ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezomile. Isidingo samanzi sikhulu ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamajikijolo, kepha kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi Amirkhan ukuthambisa kumele kumiswe: amajikijolo athola ushukela futhi abe ukunambitha. Endabeni yekwindla eyomile, ukuthambisa ubusika kuyadingeka ngaphambi nje kokuphelisa izihlahla ebusika. Ukondla ngokuvamile kunconywa ngomlotha: ungcwaba amalitha ama-1-2 ngonyaka ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Njalo ngeminyaka emibili ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo - ukwenza amabhakede amabili ama-humus, ukuwakha emigodini engaxutshwe ngaphesheya kwesihlahla. Izikhathi ezi-2-3 phakathi nehlobo, ukugqokwa phezulu kwefoliar kufanele kwenziwe ngokufafaza amahlamvu ngezixazululo zomanyolo ezibuthakathaka. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza izimbali ngokushesha nje emva kwayo, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zamaminerali, ngesikhathi sokudla, ngemuva kwamanye amasonto angama-2-3, zilinganiselwe kuphela ku-potash ne-phosphorus.
I-Amirkhan ine-average yokumelana nezifo zamagilebhisi, futhi ngezinjongo ze-prophylactic, ukufafazwa kwentwasahlobo kokuqala ngesisombululo se-iron sulfate kuyadingeka. Ngokusho kwesigaxa esiluhlaza, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokuqala kokunwetshwa kwamaqabunga kusuka efihlelweni, ungacubungula u-1% weBordeaux fluid. Uma kuvela amaqabunga amaningi amahlumela, kuyadingeka ukufafaza isivini nomuthi i-Ridomil Gold.
Bazama ukungabandakanyi amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi ekusebenziseni kwansuku zonke, kepha azisekho ama-fungicides amaningi alula futhi athembekile kunengxube yeBordeaux.
Entwasahlobo yokuqala, ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kokuthambisa, kungafakwa isitshalo esincane nje sesihlahla. Kungcono kakhulu ukusika amagilebhisi ekwindla sekwephuzile, ngaphambi kokukhosela ebusika. Kepha umsebenzi oyinhloko ekwenzeni lesi sihlahla sihlukaniswe kusuka amahlumela angeziwe, sidiliza ama-stepons futhi ngeshwa, ingxenye yamaqoqo kufanele yenziwe ehlobo, ngenkathi iluhlaza futhi incane: akumele kushiywe amaqoqo amahlandla amabili ihlumela ngalinye e-Amirkhan, ngokwezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo. Uma usebenza kanzima ehlobo, ekwindla kwakho kuzoba lula kakhulu. Umthwalo ophelele esihlahleni akufanele ube ngaphezu kwamehlo angama-40.
Ukusebenza okuluhlaza kumgilebhisi kulula futhi akunangozi.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa (ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba), yonke imivini kufanele isuswe ku-trellis, iboshwe ngamachilo futhi imbozwe noma yiziphi izinto zokufudumeza phansi. Ezindaweni ezingenasihluku kangako, amagatsha e-spruce noma ephayini ye-pru spruce, amaqabunga omile ezihlahla ayakufanelekela lokhu, ezimweni zezulu ezinzima azama ukusebenzisa izinto ezingezona ezilukiwe noma amagwababa amadala. Inkinga ukuthi ngaphansi kwazo uzizwa amagundane amahle agaya amagxolo amagilebhisi. Ngenxa yalokho, yonke ingxenye engenhla yesihlahla iyafa. Ngakho-ke, esimweni sendawo yokuhlala enamandla, isibulala-zinambuzane zamagundane kufanele sibunjiwe ngaphansi kwawo.
Ngeshwa, mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ezingenakubalwa ezifana ne-Amirkhan, amavidiyo wekhwalithi awakaze adutshulwe, futhi okuhlinzekwa kunethiwekhi akukulungele ukubukwa. Ukuchazwa kuzo kuza ngezwi elisebenzayo.
Ividiyo: Amagilebhisi e-Amirkhan
Ukubuyekezwa
Ngikhula e-Amirkhan iminyaka engu-18. Ngiyamthanda. Lo nyaka uphume kahle kakhulu. kuhle, isixha bekuyiso esikhulu kunazo zonke ezingama-850 gr., futhi ikakhulukazi i-600-700. I-Berry 4-5, isikhumba mncane, inyama inamanzi-ithambile, ithenda. Cishe awukaze kunisele nganoma yisiphi isikhathi; Akathandi ukulayisha ngokweqile, khona-ke amajikijolo amancane (nganginawo ngonyaka owedlule, lapho ngishiya amaqoqo ama-2 ukubalekela). Kuthambekele ebolile grey, kepha kuyaqabukela kakhulu. Ama-Wasp amthanda, futhi uyashisa elangeni, ngilengisa i-spandbod.
UVladimir Petrov//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=27425
Izinhlobonhlobo zidinga kakhulu ekuphatheni zombili iziqu kanye namahlumela. Ngokugcwala okuningi kwamaqhuqha, ama-berry awathathi ushukela bese umvini ukhula kambi. Kuyadingeka ukunaka amaqoqo. Iziqu zixinene kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo ngokwawo ziyazihlikihla, futhi ijusi ligijime lapha kuwe nama-wasps kanye nokubola okungwevu. Ngangenwa haircut of bunched, ngaphakathi ibhulashi peas, wasusa wonke amancane nengxenye amajikijolo ejwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, amabhulashi aphenduka amabalengwe, ibheri likhulu futhi ngokubaluleke kakhulu, lo berry aluzicolisanga lona.
UVladimir//plodpitomnik.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=260
I-Amirkhanchik igxilile endaweni yangami. 4th fruiting. Ivula njalo ehlobo noshukela omuhle. Isixha esiminyene kakhulu ngaphambi kokudonswa kwamajikijolo, kodwa asikaze siqhekezwe noma sibole. Ithanda ukushiswa yilanga.
UVictor//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=944.0
I-Amirkhan yizinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ezingakhombisanga lutho olukhethekile, kepha lukhule endaweni enkulu yezwe lethu. Lokhu kungenxa yokungathobeki kwayo, isivuno sokuqala nokunambitheka okuhle kwamajikijolo. Ngenxa yesivuno esiphansi, umlimi angahle adinge ukutshala ezinye izihlahla ezimbalwa zezinye izinhlobo, kepha i-Amirkhan ngisho ngaphandle kwama-pollinators ithela izithelo njalo.
