Uma kunesidingo sokubuyisa ama-currant ama-currant amadala nalawo aphansi noma ukhulisa inani lezitshalo esizeni, ungabhekana kalula nalo msebenzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga: isifiso sakho nolwazi lwezindlela eziphambili nemithetho yokuzalanisa i-blackcurrant kanye namahlumela ambalwa avela esihlahleni esikufanela nesivuno sawo, ukunambitheka kwezithelo, kanye nokumelana nezifo nezinambuzane.
Ukusakazwa kwemifino kwe-currant emnyama
Izindlela zemifino zokusakazwa kwe-blackcurrant zihlinzekela ukwakheka kwesitshalo esisha engxenyeni kamama futhi zisebenza kahle kakhulu kubalimi abaningi. Inzuzo yabo eyinhloko ukuthi izitshalo ezincane zizigcina ngokuphelele izici zokuhlukahluka zabazali bazo futhi zingene kalula endaweni entsha.
Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza kabusha zisetshenzisiwe:
- ukusika;
- ukuhlelwa;
- ukwahlukanisa isihlahla.
Indlela ngayinye ebekiwe inezimpawu zayo, izinzuzo zayo nokubi kuyo.
Izinhlobo ezisikiwe
Ngale ndlela, izithombo eziningana eziqinile zitholakala egatsheni elilodwa lomzali. Ukusebenza kahle, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokwethembeka kuyizinzuzo eziphambili zokuzala kabusha nge-cutised lignified.
Ukuvuna ama-cutter lignified
- Yenza amasheya wokusika abe ngcono entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Entwasahlobo, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuvuna lo msebenzi lapho wokuthena izitshalo.
- Kuyadingeka ukukhetha igatsha elinempilo lonyaka owodwa noma emibili elinobubanzi okungenani be-6 mm.
- Ngommese obukhali noma ama-secateurs, sika igatsha, ususe engaphezulu, bese usika izingcezu ubude obungu-20 cm. Phezulu kwesibambo, yenza ukusika okuqondile okungu-1 cm ngaphezu kwezinso. Ukusikwa kwe-Oblique ukususa ingxenye engaphansi kwengono ephansi.
Ukudutshulwa okwenziwe nge-currant okushunqiwe kusikwa kube yizicucu ezingaba ngu-20 cm ubude kube ukusikwa okuqondile phezulu kanye nokusikwa okuyi-oblique ngaphansi kwezinso eliphansi
Ukufakelwa
- Ngobusuku bokutshala, kunconywa imizuzu engu-15 ukubeka izithombo emanzini ngeqondo lokushisa lama-45 mayelanaC kokungabulawa magciwane.
- Ekutshaleni izihlahla, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela imisele ngokujula okungaba ngu-15 cm ngenhlabathi ebunjiwe nenhlabathi eshwabene.
- Tshala izitshalo ngaphansi kwentambo ngokuhlukaniswa okungu-10-15 cm, gcina imigodi engama-40-50 cm.
- Gcwalisa inhlabathi evundile. Inhlabathi kumele icindezelwe ngokuqinile ngokumelene nokusika.
- Faka izithombo ezitshaliwe ngohlobo lwe-peat crumb, ungqimba lwe-humus lufika ku-5 cm (ukulondolozwa komswakama okungcono)
- Phezu kobubanzi benhlabathi shiya amahlumela amabili. Enye yazo isezingeni eliphansi.
Ama-currant we-currant kufanele atshalwe ngokungacabangi, ohlangothini olusuka enyakatho iye eningizimu. Lokhu kufaka isandla ekukhanyisweni okungcono komugqa.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo okuqhubekayo
- Ezinyangeni zasehlobo zokutshala, udinga ukhula njalo ukhulule inhlabathi.
- Ama-ridges kufanele agcinwe esimweni esimanzi ngokulinganayo. Uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo ezisikiwe kahle lubuthakathaka kakhulu, ngakho-ke noma ukomisa isikhashana kungaba yingozi ezitshalweni.
- Ukucwilisa okokuqalwa kokusika ukufeza njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Ukusuka ngoMeyi kuze kube nguJuni, enye indlela yokufaka umanyolo nge-ammonium nitrate (20- g g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi) kanye nokumnika i-mullein esetshenzisiwe (ingxenye eyi-1 mullein ngama-10 l amanzi). Kusukela ngoJulayi, shintshela ekondleni ngomlotha wezinkuni. Umlotha oligcwala ngesandla kumele ugcwaliswe 1 litre wamanzi abilayo futhi ugcizelele isonto lonke. Ngenxa yalokhu kulungiswa komanyolo, kukhishwa izinto ezincibilikayo emlotheni, ezithakwa kangcono yizitshalo. Futhi, 1 litre yokufakwa, ungangeza 1 isipuni se-superphosphate.
Izilimo ezitshalwe entwasahlobo ziba izithombo eziqinile ezinde ngo-ekwindla. Bangakwazi ukuhambisa kalula ukufakelwa endaweni engapheli.
Iseluleko esiwusizo: ukutshala kungavalwa ngefilimu emnyama enezimbobo ezinqunywe ukusikwa. Ukuhlanganiswa kwefilimu kuzovikela izitshalo ezincane kukhula, kusindise umswakama futhi kukuvumele ukuthi ubhekele ukuthuthukiswa kwama-cutways.
Ama-cuttings aluhlaza
Uma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ungazange ulungiselele ukusikwa okulukiwe, khona-ke ukukhiqizwa kabusha kungenziwa ngamagatsha aluhlaza.
Ukuvuna impahla
- Izimbambo zizokwazi ukusebenza kahle uma zivunwa emafwini, ezinsukwini ezipholile, nakumahlumela entwasahlobo angaqhekeki lapho kukhethwa ama-bent.
- Isiqu kufanele sibe cishe ngama-20 cm ubude ngamapheshana angama-3-5. Amahlamvu ongezansi atholwe kahle.
- Izingcezu kufanele zibe, njengoba kusikiwe ezinqenqemeni - ziqonde phezulu phezulu futhi zibekeke phansi.
Amacembe aphansi we-cuttings aluhlaza asuswa kangcono
Ukufakelwa
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, ama-cuttings aluhlaza anconyelwa ukuba abekwe endaweni yokuvuselela ukukhula efanele i-blackcurrant. Lokhu kuzosheshisa ukwakheka kwezimpande futhi kwandise ukusinda.
- Udinga ukutshala izihlahla ezisikiwe kwinhlanganisela yomquba obunjiwe nesihlabathi somfula (1: 1). Ukutshala ukujula - 3 cm, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo - 10-15 cm.
Ukunakekelwa
- Ama-cuttings aluhlaza adinga ukunakekelwa okuphelele kunokwabanemibala. Akabekezeleli kahle ukuntuleka komswakama, ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokuphuza, ukutshala kudinga ukufafazwa nsuku zonke.
- Izinga lokushisa elilungele ukubekeka kahle kwezimpawu zokusika zingama-25 mayelanaC. Kungcono ukuthi ubasibekele ngefilimu ezovikela ukuvikela ngokweqile futhi inikeze izimo zokushisa. Ifilimu kumele ifakwe umthunzi omncane ukuze ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo kungangeni ezitshalweni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ifilimu lingashaywa mhlophe noma limbozwe ngendwangu elula.
- Ngemuva kokuthatha izimpande (amasonto amabili ngemuva kokutshala), izihlahla ezisikiwe ngeke zidinge ukufafazwa nsuku zonke nokunisela.
- Kuyo yonke inkathi yokusinda, amapuleti amaqabunga kufanele aqhubeke eluhlaza futhi enamanzi.
- Ngemuva kwamaviki amane, ifilimu ngaphezulu kwezitshalo ingasuswa. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu kancane kancane, uqale uvule izithombo amahora amaningi ntambama.
- Ngemuva kokususa izingcambu eziseleni, zifakwa kumanyolo nge-urea (1 tsp. Kuya ku-5 l wamanzi). Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kuze kube maphakathi no-Agasti kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-10.
- Intwasahlobo elandelayo, isithombo sidluliselwa endaweni eqhubekayo yokukhula.
Ama-cutic apical
Uma kunokuntuleka kokutshala impahla, lapho-ke ukukhiqiza kabusha ama-currants, ungasebenzisa izingxenye ezingaphezulu zamagatsha. Amaphesenti okusinda wezinsika ezinjalo angaphansi kokugcotshwa nokuhlaza. Zingathandeki kakhulu, zingafa lapho zoma. Inqubo yokunakekela izitshalo ezisikiwe ezisikiwe zingafani naluhlaza.
Uma izithombo zisikiwe endaweni enelanga, khona-ke kamuva ziyokhula izihlahla ezinikeza isivuno esikhulu kunezithombo ezikhulele emthunzini. Futhi amajikijolo avela ezihlahleni ezinjalo amnandi kakhulu.
Ukusakazeka kwezitshalo ngokwenza
Le yindlela elula nethembekile yokuthola izithombo ezinhle esihlahleni sakho esikhethiwe. Cishe ukusinda okungu-100% kanye nokunakekelwa okuncane kuyizinzuzo eziphambili zendlela yokwenziwa kwezinto ngokuhlelwa. Ingasungulwa ngezindlela ezine:
- arcuate layering;
- ukuhlelwa okuvundlile;
- ukubeka mpo;
- air layering.
Hlukana
Indlela yokuzalanisa i-arcuate layering imi kanje:
- Khetha amagatsha aneminyaka emibili ubudala akhula kusuka esisekelweni sesihlahla.
- Beka kuqala amahlumela emhlabathini bese umaka izindawo lapho kuzokwenziwa khona i-prikop. Futhi umake ecebeni lokuphunyuka, elizokwemba.
- Umhlaba uthukululwe ngokucophelela nge-chopper. Bamba umgodi ongaba ngu-10 cm ukujula.
- Izingwegwe zilungiselelwe ukuphonsa amagatsha emhlabathini. Zingenziwa ngocingo noma ngesihlahla.
- Besebenzisa ifayela noma i-jigsaw, babheka izinhlangothi ezingezansi zezihlumela ezindaweni okufanele zimbiwe. Lokhu kuzosheshisa ukubamba kwezisekelo.
- Beka igatsha elilungiselelwe emgodini bese uliphina ngezingwegwe ezilungiselelwe. Ingxenye yehlumela kufanele ibe ngu-30 cm ubude ebusweni.
- Bopha isihloko sokudubula ngezikhonkwane zamahhala eziyisishiyagalombili.
- Zigcwalisa indawo ye-prikop ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi ne-humus.
- Kugcwele.
- I-mulch yokugcina umswakama
Ehlobo, udinga ukunisela izingcezu njengoba kudingeka, ukhula, uthele amahlandla amabili noma amathathu ngengxube yenhlabathi ne-humus.
Ngo-Okthoba, kuzoqala uhlelo olunamandla lwezimpande ku-lay. Futhi angahlukaniswa nehlahla lomzali futhi adluliselwe endaweni engapheli.
Amahlumela weminyaka emibili nantathu ubudala we-currant aguqiwe emhlabathini futhi ambiwa ngendlela yokuthi ingxenye yokudubula engamamasentimitha angama-30 ubude ihlala ngaphezulu
Ividiyo: indlela ekhohlisayo yokwandisa ama-currant ngokwenza
Kuvundlile
Le ndlela yokuzala iyahluka kwenye yangaphambili ngoba igatsha labazali lingena ngokuphelele emgodini olungiselelwe. Igatsha kufanele linqunywe phezulu. Njengomphumela wokutshala ngezendlalelo ezivundlile, awukwazi ukuthola hhayi esisodwa, kepha izithombo eziningana ezivela kwesinye isitshe sokumba.
Sebenzisa indlela yokusakazwa ngokuhlelwa kwezindawo kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga
Okumile
Le ndlela futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uthole inani elikhulu lezithombo kusuka esihlahleni sikamama. Umsuka wayo uhlala eqinisweni lokuthi amahlumela aqala ukukhula kusuka kuma-buds akhiwe endaweni engezansi yesihlahla. Ukuzalela ngokufakwa mpo kufaka izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Kukhethwa isihlahla esincane, esinempilo se-currant, ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli wonke amagatsha anqunywa kuwo, eshiya ama-spikes angama-5-8 cm ubude.
- Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ama-spikes avela kuma-spikes. Lapho zifinyelela ukuphakama okungu-15-20 cm, amahlumela ambozwe ngenhlabathi enomswakama ukuze ibe yingxenye yokuphakama. Ngemuva cishe kwenyanga, ukufakwa kabusha kuyenziwa, okuzoba nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwezimpande ekukhuleni okuphumayo.
- Ekwindla, amahlumela anezimpande ahlukaniswa nesihlahla somzali. Amandla, anezimpande ezinamandla ngokushesha atshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo, futhi ababuthakathaka bazimisele ngokukhula.
Ukugcwaliswa kwenhlabathi evundile kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwezimpande ekukhuleni okuphumayo
Ngomoya
- Ngale ndlela yokuzalela ama-currants, kukhethwa igatsha eliqinile, elingatholwa kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesitshalo.
- Egatsheni (20-25 cm ukusuka emhlabathini) ukusikeka okubili okuyindilinga kwenziwa kude le-5 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ukukhala kwamagxolo phakathi kokusikeka kuhlanza kube izinkuni.
- Ngemuva kwalokho kubekwa isikhwama sepulasitiki, onqenqemeni olungaphansi lwaso sigxilwe ngamasentimitha ambalwa ngaphansi kwendandatho ephutshiwe. Isikhwama silungiswe ngokuqinile kusetshenziswa i-tepi noma ucingo.
Ukuze uthole indlela yokusakazwa yizingqimba zomoya, ungasebenzisa amabhodlela epulasitiki anomhlabathi
- Inhlabathi evundile ithululelwa esikhwameni ukuze imboze ngokuphelele indawo ehlanziwe.
- Inhlabathi esemhlabathini iyamunyaniswa, bese kuba phezulu kwesikhwama kugxilwe egatsheni.
- Ngaphansi kwenyanga kamuva, izimpande ziyavela esizeni esisikiwe.
- Iphakethe liyasuswa, igatsha linqunywa esihlahleni futhi isithombo esiphumela lapho singakleliswa ukuze sikhule.
Ukutshala kweShrub
Indlela esheshayo yokusabalalisa ama-currants iwukuhlukanisa isitshalo somzali. Kuyasetshenziswa lapho kudingekile ukufakelwa isihlahla se-currant siyise kwenye indawo.
- Chitha lo mcimbi entwasahlobo noma ekwindla.
- Bemba isihlahla, bezama ukungalimazi izimpande. Yazi ukuthi i-currant rhizome itholakala ngaphansi kuka-40-50 cm ngaphansi komhlaba.
- Izimpande zikhululekile emhlabeni, susa izingxenye ezilimele zohlelo lwezimpande, amagatsha omile.
- Isihlahla sihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Inani lezingxenye lincike ngosayizi wesitshalo somzali. Sika isihlahla ngethuluzi elibukhali. Ingxenye ngayinye etholakele kumele ibe nohlelo lwezimpande olwanele kanye namahlumela amancane amaningi.
Lapho isethuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe uhlelo lwezimpande lwengxenye yesitshalo somzali, kungcono isihlahla esisha simila
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, izihlahla ezihlukaniswe magciwane zisasazwa kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate.
Amabhasi atshaliwe atshalwe ngendlela ejwayelekile yalesi sitshalo, futhi iniselwa kakhulu. Ngemuva konyaka, i-currant ebuyekeziwe izokujabulisa ngesivuno sokuqala.
Ukutshala imbewu
Ukuzalela imbewu ye-blackcurrant kusetshenziswa abafuyi abanolwazi ukwakha izinhlobo ezintsha. Izithombo ezitholakala ngale ndlela azihlali zigcina izimfanelo ezinhle zesitshalo somzali.
Ukuzala imbewu ye-blackcurrant kudinga ukubekezela nenhlanhla
Indlela yokusabalalisa ama-currants ngembewu ikhethwa yilabo abanesifiso sokuzama:
- Thatha amajikijolo amakhulu kunawo wonke avuthiwe.
- Ziyagezwa futhi zifakwe emanzini isikhashana.
- Khetha ngokucophelela imbewu, ibeke ephepheni bese uyomisa.
- Nikeza izimo zokugcina kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo.
- NgoMashi, imbewu ilungiselelwe ukuhlwanyelwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cwilisa kubo ingxenye yesine yehora kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate. Bese yomile.
- Hlwanyela imbewu ethangini eligcwele inhlabathi evundile. Fafaza ngomhlaba, unisele, umboze ngengilazi noma ngefilimu. Kuze kufike izithombo, isitsha sigcinwa endaweni efudumele, enomthunzi.
- Lapho nje izithombo zisakhula, susa imbozo bese uhlela kabusha isitsha ekukhanyiseni.
- Ukukhethwa kwenziwa ezimbizeni ezihlukile lapho izithombo zifinyelela ku-10-15 cm.
- Engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, izithombo zitshalwa endaweni leyo emigodini yokutshala (40x40 cm) endaweni ecishe ibe yimitha elilodwa lesithombo kusuka kwisithombo. Kunakwa kakhulu ukunisela izithombo ngokuphelele.
Isikhathi esifanele sokuzala ama-currants
Ukulima ama-currant kungenziwa ngempumelelo ngonyaka wonke.
Ithebula: Izindlela zokusakazeka ze-Currant ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka
| Izinkathi | Indlela enconyiwe yokusabalalisa i-currant emnyama |
| Ntwasahlobo | Izikhuni ezisikiwe, ukugawulwa kwezimbewu, ukuhlwanyelwa kwezimbewu kwenziwa ngemuva kuka-Mashi) |
| Ukuwa | Izinkuni ezisikiwe |
| Ubusika | Izinkuni ezisikiwe |
| Ihlobo | Ukusikwa okuluhlaza nokubomvu, ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla |
Izici zokuzalela ebusika
Ebusika, lapho umlimi engacishe abe nebhizinisi, ungakwenza ukutshala ama-currants nge-cutised lignified.
- Ukuzisika okusikiwe kuqala ngoDisemba. Ekuvuneni, kusetshenziswa amahlumela anonyaka owodwa ubudala, kuwo kukhona ama-buds athuthuke kahle. Amahlumela anqunywe emhlabathini. Faka ukusika ebhodweni lamanzi. Kungcono ukukhetha isitsha sengilazi. Amanzi ancibilikisiwe kancane: emthonjeni wamanzi ongamalitha - 1 tsp. ushukela noma uju.
- Amakhono abekwe endaweni ekhanyayo, efudumele. Uma bemi ngefasitela, kungcono ukubeka, ngokwesibonelo, i-polystyrene ngaphansi komgudu. I-substrate enjalo izonikeza izimo ezifudumele, ezingcono kakhulu zokusika.
- Ngemuva kwenyanga, izimpande zokuqala ziqala ukuvela.
Lapho izimpande zifinyelela kubude obuyi-5 cm, ukusikwa kungadonswa phansi
- Dika usike ngezimpande ezikhule kakhulu esitsheni esinengxube yomquba nomhlabathi. I-Drainage (kusuka kubumba olwandisiwe, shards wobumba) empeleni ibekwa phansi kwezimbiza.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu, i-currant yisithombo esizoba nohlelo oluqinile lwezimpande kanye namaqabunga aluhlaza.
- NgoFebhuwari, ihlumela lizodala izithombo, futhi ngesikhathi sokufakelwa - Kwangathi inyanga, isithombo sisazoba nezimpande eziqinile namaqabunga aluhlaza. Ama-inflorescences avela kwisithombo ayanqunywa ukuze angaphazamisi ukuthola kwesitshalo amandla. Ngokunakekelwa okujwayelekile ngonyaka olandelayo, ama-currants azokubonga ngamajikijolo amnandi, amakhulu.
Uma kungenzeki ukuthi utshale izithombo ngokushesha, izitshalo kufanele zimbiwe kwenye indawo enomthunzi namanzi amaningi. Kuleli fomu, isithombo esisetshenzisiwe singalala isonto lonke, into esemqoka ukuthi sibe nesikhathi sokutshala ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu.
N. Khromov, ukhetho lwezesayensi yezinto eziphilayo gazetasadovod.ru
Ividiyo: indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzalela ama-currants entwasahlobo
Noma iyiphi indlela yokusabalalisa i-currant ekhethwe nguwe izophumelela ngaphansi kwezimo zokunakekelwa kahle kwezithombo: ukunisela ngesikhathi esifanele, ukugqoka okuphezulu, ukutshala nokususa ukhula. Futhi iparele elimnyama lengadi yakho lizokunikeza izithelo ezimnandi nezinempilo!
