Ngobuningi bezinhlobonhlobo kanye nzalo yamatamatisi kulezi zinsuku kulula ukudideka. Kepha umlimi uvame ukwazi ngqo akufunayo. Kuyiqiniso, ufuna ukudla utamatisi omusha omnandi, ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ahlunge izimbiza ezimbalwa noma ezimbili ebusika. Ingabe uhlobo oluhlukile lungahlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo? Mhlawumbe utamatisi wendawo yonke ukhona. Futhi omunye wabo yi-Verliok F1 hybrid.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-Verlioca, izici zayo, isifunda sokutshala
I-Tomato Verlioka yafakwa Kwirejista Yombuso Yezwe laseRussia ngo-1990, okuhloswe ngalo ukuthi kulinywe kuwo abamba ukushisa ezweni lonke lethu. Kuliqiniso, incazelo ye-hybrid esembhalweni ngesizathu esithile esishoda. Kepha kukhona elinye irekhodi lango-2006, futhi libhekisela ku-hybrid ebizwa nge-Verlioka plus. Okunye okungahambi kahle kuqala lapha. Le hybrid inconyelwa ukuba itshalwe ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kakhulu naseningizimu impela. Kunzima ukunikeza incazelo: phela, uma sikhuluma ngohlaza abamba ukushisa, kungani-ke ungatshali utamatisi weSifunda seLeningrad esifundeni saseMoscow, futhi kungani futhi ungatshala notamatisi endaweni eluhlaza kuphela esifundeni saseNyakatho Caucasus? Noma ... Ngokunokwenzeka, ukujabulela izithelo entwasahlobo, ngoba i-hybrid ingeyokuvuthwa kokuqala.
Ezindabeni eziningi kungaqondakala ukuthi zombili izinhlobo zamaVerlioka ziyefana kakhulu futhi zinezimpawu ezinhle kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuthi i-hybrid ebuyekeziwe inezithelo ezikhudlwana. I-Verlioca ihlukaniswa njengotamatisi we-semi-definant: ukuphakama kwezihlahla kuncike kubuchwepheshe bezolimo, kuvame ukugcinwa kuhla lwe-1.5-2 m. Amaqabunga angaphansi kwesilinganiso, izihlahla ezinamaqabunga ziphakathi.
Izithelo zivuthwa masisha: isivuno sokuqala sesilungele ukuvuna cishe izinyanga eziyi-3.5 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu, utamatisi uqokelelwa emabhulashini ezincezu ezi-5-10 Ngasikhathi sinye, ikhwalithi enhle ye-hybrid ukuthi cishe zonke izithelo zinosayizi ofanayo: azinkulu, zinesisindo kusuka ku-70 kuye ku-100 g, ziyindilinga. Umbala obomvu okhanyayo obonisa utamatisi ovuthiwe, bathola ngokulingana, isivuno sivutha kanyekanye.
Izithelo zikatamatisi weVerliok - njengamakhophi komunye nomunye: usayizi, ukwakheka okujwayelekile
Izithelo zinesikhumba esiminyene, cishe aziqhekeki ngenkathi kuvuthwa. Ukunambitheka kunambitheka kamnandi, kucebile, ngokuya ngokuhlolwa kwabatamatisi nabathandi abaningi - muhle noma muhle kakhulu. Ukukhiqiza muhle kakhulu: ngokunakekelwa okufanele kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa, ungaqoqa kuze kufike ku-7 kg utamatisi, okusho ukuthi okungenani ama-20 kg ngemitha yesikwele. Uma kunesidingo, utamatisi ungavunwa ungavuthiwe, "afinyelela" ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa, kufaka phakathi izinto zokuhamba, okulula ukuthwala. Leliqiniso lenza ukuthi i-hybrid ihehe kwezentengiso.
Inhloso yezithelo isemhlabeni wonkana: zinambitheka kumasaladi ahlukahlukene, nakumahluko "odliwe khona lapho ngensimu", nangezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamalungiselelo. Utamatisi akhiwe ngendlela emangalisayo kunoma yiziphi izimbiza zeglasi, lapho zigcwaliswa ngamakhambi okulondolozwa wona awaphuki. Uma kutholakala isivuno esikhulu ngokweqile, singasetshenziswa ukwenza ujusi, unamathisela utamatisi nososo oluhlukahlukene.
Ngeshwa, i-hybrid ayizizwa kahle isendaweni evulekile, ingatshalwa ngaphandle kwamagatsha okugcina izithombo ezifundeni ezifudumele kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ibekezelela kalula isomiso esiphoqelelwe futhi ithela nezithelo kahle emthunzini oyinxenye. Ukwenziwa kwesihlahla kanye nembotshana yaso kusekela okunamandla kuyimpoqo, kepha ngokuvamile le utamatisi ihlukaniswa ngokungathandeki.
Ukubukeka
Izithelo ezithathwe ngokwahlukile zeVerlioki zibukeka njengamathoyizi: zinesakhiwo esifanelekile, futhi umbala, futhi uma ubeka amakhophi ambalwa eduze komunye nomunye, kubonakala sengathi akopishwa komunye nomunye.
Ngokwesimo nangombala, i-Verlioc utamatisi wendabuko ngokuphelele
Utamatisi ezihlahleni zivuthwa ngamaqoqo, futhi lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ngesikhathi sokuzala kwamaqabunga ezitsheni, cishe akubonakali, ngoba kunezithelo eziningi.
Kunetamatisi amaningi kakhulu esihlahleni kangangokuba akucaci ukuthi kungani ebamba nokuthi uwondla kanjani.
Izinzuzo nokubi, izici, umehluko ovela kwezinye izinhlobo
I-Tomato Verlioca idume kakhulu phakathi kwabahlali abajwayelekile basehlobo nabalimi abalima utamatisi ngokuthengiswa. Lokhu kungenxa yezinzuzo zako, uhlu lwayo oluningi impela:
- ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi;
- ephezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi utamatisi osuvuthiwe, umkhiqizo;
- ukwahluka kokusetshenziswa kwezithelo;
- ukuvuthwa umfaniswano wesitshalo;
- isethulo esihle kakhulu;
- ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kuqoqwe izithelo ezingavuthiwe ngokuvuthwa okulandelayo ngesikhathi sokuhamba;
- ukubekezelelwa kobuhlungu obukhulu;
- ukubekezelela ukushoda kokukhanya nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama.
Okubi kufaka, ngokwesibonelo, iqiniso lokuthi, ngokubukeka okuhle, izithelo zidedekile, azigcinwanga isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngakho konke ukuzithoba kwezimo ezikhulayo, i-hybrid idinga ukwakheka kwezihlahla ezinamakhono okuphoqelekile, ngaphandle kwalokho isivuno sincipha kakhulu.
Ngokunokwenzeka, ukufana kwezithelo kufanele kubhekwe njengesici esiyinhloko se-hybrid: banobukhulu obulinganayo ngaphakathi kwesihlahla futhi buthwe cishe ngasikhathi sinye. Abanye abalimi babheka lokhu njengedida, bafuna ukunweba izithelo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi ezithela izithelo kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJulayi kuze kufinyelele eqandeni, kodwa futhi siyazidinga lezo izilimo ezingavunwa cishe ngasikhathi sinye. Lokho, ngokwesibonelo, yizinhlobonhlobo ezaziwayo zokukhotha iNovichok, ngenxa yokuvuthwa okunomusa kwezithelo lapho ukuvuna ngomshini kungenzeka. Awungethembi imoto kaVerlioca: izithelo zintekenteke, kufanele zisuswe kuphela ngezandla zakho.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamatamatisi okuqala, izithelo zawo ziyefana nezikaVerlioki. Yebo, ngisho nokugcwala okudala okumhlophe okugcwala izithelo kuthela notamatisi obomvu oyindilinga! Kepha akulungile ukuziqhathanisa nomunye: umkhiqizo wawo, izimo ezikhulayo, nosayizi wesihlahla kuhluke kakhulu. Mhlawumbe okusondele kakhulu kuVerliok yi-Blagovest hybrid F1: bobabili ubuchwepheshe bezolimo nezimpawu zangaphandle ziyefana. Yebo, uma ukhetha, kuhlala kukuhle!
Izici zokutshala nokukhula utamatisi i-Verlioka
IVerlioca utamatisi wokuqala wokuvuthwa wokuqala wesikhathi sokuvuthwa, wenzelwe izimo zokugcina ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe bayo bezolimo bususelwe kulezi zibonakaliso, akusho ukuthi kukhona okungavamile. Njengoba i-hybrid ikhule emhlabathini ovikelekile, isikhathi sokutshala imbewu yezithombo sincike hhayi nje kwisimo sezulu salesi sifunda, kodwa futhi nekhwalithi eluhlaza okotshani. Utamatisi ungatshintshwa ube yisetshenziselwa ukufudumala okujwayelekile kwefilimu emgqeni ophakathi ekuqaleni noma maphakathi noMeyi, ngakho-ke ukuhlwanyela imbewu ekhaya kungenzeka ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Uma isimo sezulu sishubile, izinsuku zizoshintsha, kepha okwedlulele kakhulu kungukuqala kuka-Ephreli.
Ukufakelwa
Njengoba iVerlioka iyi-nzalo yesizukulwane sokuqala, akunangqondo ukuthatha imbewu esivunweni sayo, kufanele ithengwe esitolo. Futhi lapho ungathenga khona imbewu, kufaka phakathi leyo esekulungele ngokuphelele ukutshala. Okungenani, uma lokhu akuyona inkohliso esobala (imbewu kumele ithathwe ezinkampanini ezaziwayo), khona-ke ngisho nesibulala magciwane asifuneki. Akukho phuzu kokuqina: phela, izithombo zizotshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Awukwazi ukudambisa imbewu: Ngemuva kwakho konke, le nqubo isheshisa kuphela ukuvela kwezithombo izinsuku ezingama-1-2. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiswa kwembewu kukhanseliwe.
Abalimi abaningi baphinda bathenge inhlabathi esitolo, futhi imvamisa akukho okutheni abangakwenza. Kepha uma inhlabathi isilungiswa ngokuzimela, kumele ibe ngumswakama futhiphefumule. Lokhu kutholakala ngokuxuba inani elilinganayo le-peat, umhlaba wesod ne-humus. Kungcono ukhubaza inhlabathi yakho ngokuwuchitha ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate.
Ukusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi ethengiwe yezithombo kuvumela ukukhipha ukusebenza kwe-disinitness yayo
Uma umhlali wasehlobo engeke aphoqelele isela ngamanqwaba amathini, inani elincane lamabhasi aseVerlioki lanele kuye, khona-ke ungahlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha ezimbizeni zokuhlobisa ze-peat. Kepha noma kunjalo bazama ukukhula izithombo zamatamatisi ngesinaphi, kulokhu kuba namandla. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuhlwanyela imbewu ebhokisini elincane, kuze kufike ku-1.5 cm. Amahlumela azovela aphezulu ngesonto, ngemuva kwalokho ibhokisi kufanele lifakwe ngokushesha kwisithongo sewindows esipholile.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu, izinga lokushisa libuyiselwa ekushiseni okujwayelekile kwekamelo, bese kuthi ngemuva kwelinye isonto izithombo zitshalwe ezinkomishini ezihlukile (mhlawumbe amabhodwe we-peat) ngenani okungenani ingilazi evamile. Ngesikhathi sonke sezithombo ezikhulayo, kwesinye isikhathi siyaniselwa, kepha ngokulinganisa. Uma inhlabathi ilungile, kungcono ukuyenza ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo. Kuphela uma ukukhula kumisiwe, izithombo zinganiselwa nge-infusion yomlotha noma isixazululo esibuthakathaka se-azofoska.
Kubalulekile lapho kukhula izithombo ukuze zikunikeze ukukhanya okwanele
Yize iqiniso lokuthi izithombo azidluliselwe emhlabeni ovulekile ngoMeyi, kungcono "ukuzikhipha ngezinhlungu" ngesonto eledlule: ukuzikhipha njalo kuvulandi, ukomise inhlabathi, njll. Ukuqothula kuzoba usizo. Utamatisi utshalwe ku-greenhouse lapho inhlabathi ifudumala, futhi amazinga okushisa umoya ebusuku kuwo ayeka ukuwela ngaphansi kwe-10 mayelanaC.
Ukutshala akufanele kube lukhuni: ibanga elincanyana phakathi kwezihlahla lingama-40 cm, ngokufanelekile lingabi ngaphezu kwezihlahla ezintathu ngemitha yesikwele. Indlela yokutshala ijwayelekile, noma ku-greenhouse kungcono ukutshala utamatisi kusihlwa noma okungenani esimeni sezulu esinamafu.
- Bemba umgodi ezindaweni eziqokiwe ezinezimbobo ezinkulu kunobukhulu bezinkomishi ngezithombo, bese kufakwa umanyolo wendawo. Kungaba yingxenye yengilazi yomlotha wezinkuni noma isipuni se-azofoska. Umanyolo uxutshwe nomhlabathi, bese umthombo onamanzi wanisela kahle.
Abanye abalimi bangeza kwizimbobo kanye no-anyanisi ikhasi kanye namagobolondo amaqanda
- Susa ngokucophelela izithombo kusuka kuzinkomishi ngenqwaba yomhlaba bese uyibeka emigodini elungiselelwe, ukujula kumaqabunga e-cotyledon. Uma izithombo sezikhulile, kufanele zitshalwe ngokungacacile.
Lapho ukhipha izithombo, kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphazamisi uhlelo lwezimpande
- Nisela izihlahla ngeqondo lokushisa elingama-25-30 mayelanaC bese mulch inhlabathi kancane nge humus noma Peat.
Lapho unisela izithombo ezitshaliwe, kungakuhle ukuthi ungamanzisi amaqabunga
Kungcono ukuthi ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala, kuze kube yilapho izihlahla zikhulu kakhulu, shayela ezigxotsheni eziqinile noma wakhe i-trellis ejwayelekile yokubopha. Kuzodingeka ama-thaie kungekudala, lapho nje eqala kabusha ukukhula kwawo endaweni entsha.
Amabhasi anakekela abamba ukushisa
Nakanjani yonke imisebenzi ngesikhathi sokutshala i-Verliok utamatisi yaziwa kakhulu kubalimi: lokhu kuyaphuza, ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukhula kusuka kukhula, kanye nokugqoka okumbalwa okuphezulu, ukubekwa okuyisibopho futhi okufika ngesikhathi kwesihlahla, ukubopha kwalo ngeziqu eziqinile noma ngemifantu. Bazama ukunisela utamatisi kusihlwa, belinde ukuthi amanzi abe nesikhathi sokuzifudumeza ezitsheni elangeni. Utamatisi akufanele unikezwe amanzi ngokweqile, kodwa futhi akunakwenzeka ukuvumela inhlabathi ukuba icime kahle. Ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, umswakama ophakeme ngokweqile uyingozi kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ikakhulukazi lapho ephoqelelwa ukuba enze inani elikhulu lamanzi, umuntu akufanele angakunaki ukungena komoya okuluhlaza. Ngokuvamile, usuku okugcina ukushisa ngalo imvelo kufanele kushiywe kuvulekile, ngaphandle kokuthi uma kupholile okusobala.
Utamatisi adinga kakhulu amanzi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali nezithelo, bese kuthi lapho esevuthiwe, amanzi anciphise futhi kancane.
Kuze kube kukhula izihlahla, ngemuva kokunisela kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi, ngenkathi kulwa nokhula. Utamatisi udliwa kahle: lokhu kumele kwenziwe kungakhathalekile ukuthi umbhede walungiswa kahle kanjani ekwindla. Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-12-15 ngemuva kokutshala izithombo zikatamatisi, bese kwenziwa kaninginingi ngesikhathi sonyaka. Noma yikuphi ukwakheka kungasetshenziselwa ukondla, kepha ngokuqala kokubomvu kwesithelo, i-nitrogen akufanele yengezwe: zikhawulelwe ku-superphosphate kanye nomlotha wezinkuni.
Bakha izihlahla zeVerlioki kwesinye noma (kaningi) iziqu ezimbili. Isiqu sesibili yindodana yokutholwa eqinile, ekhethwe endaweni ephakeme kalula. Izingane zokutholwa ezisele zingaphansi kwemibandela yokuqhuma lapho zikhula zaba ngosayizi wamasentimitha athile. Isici sethekhnoloji yezobuhlakani yezolimo yalesi sizalo ukuthi isiqu esimaphakathi siphindwe sibunjiwe ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwebrashi yezithelo yesine (futhi kwesinye isikhathi yesithathu). Kulokhu, ubukhulu bokuthi isivuno sizosatshalaliswa kahle phakathi kwesiqu esikhulu kanye nendodana yesokunxele.
Ukudiliza ama-stepons, udinga ukushiya i-hemp encane ukuze ingakhuli futhi
Le utamatisi iboshwe kaningi ngesikhathi sasehlobo: okokuqala sikhuluma ngokubopha iziqu, bese ubhulashi nezithelo. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela kusetshenziswa noma yiliphi i-twine elithambile noma ama-knits asikiwe kumashidi amadala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuzocaca ukuthi imaphi amaqabunga aphazamisa ukuvuthwa kwezithelo: ayasuswa. Njengoba izihlahla zikhula, wonke amaqabunga aphansi ayasuswa, aze afike kufrashi yezithelo zokuqala.
Uma lo abamba ukushisa abhengezwa ngesikhathi, izehlakalo zeVerlioki azifakwa. Okungenani abalimi abaningi abenzi ngisho noma yikuphi ukufafaza okuvimbelayo. Kepha uma ngokuzumayo ezinye izinambuzane zikhuphuka ku-greenhouse, kufanele sisebenzise amakhambi abantu: imvelo yegalikhi, i-anyanisi husks, i-ash ash, njll. Lokhu kuzosivumela ukuthi singalethi lolu daba ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zamakhemikhali.
Ividiyo: Utamatisi we-Verlioc ku-greenhouse
Ukubuyekezwa
Kukhona 2 Verlioki. Vele i-Verlioka neVerlioka + (ifomu elithuthukisiwe) - othile uthanda okungcono kakhulu kunalokho, omunye umuntu akanandaba. Kwabonakala kimi ukuthi injoloba entsha, noma okuthile. Okuningi okusondele emakethe utamatisi. Kubuchwepheshe bezolimo, yonke into injengaso sonke isikhathi. Siyondla, siyabamba ... uyaphendula kakhulu ekunakekelweni.
Nyusha
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/175183/page-87
Ngadumazeka utamatisi waseVerlioca othuthukisiwe - isikhumba esinama-bulletproof ngokuphelele. Akasiki, akakulumi, akahlafunisi ...
Kukhanya
//www.e1.ru/talk/forum/read.php?f=122&i=109659&t=109659&t
Ngonyaka owedlule, uVerlioka + wayengumholi wami ekukhiqizweni (ibhakede le-10-litre esihlahleni) nokunambitha.
"I-kit"
//www.e1.ru/talk/forum/read.php?f=122&i=109659&t=109659&t
Ngazithanda kakhulu izinhlobonhlobo. Ngo-2017, bakhulele endaweni ebamba ukushisa, ngoba ehlobo bekuyimvula. Isilimo besisihle kakhulu. Ngo-2018, ngaphinde ngiyithenga.
UMarianna
//otzovik.com/review_6047692.html
I-Tomato Verlioca ingummeleli ocacile wama-nzalo asanda kuvuthwa wokusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke. Itshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, lapho inika khona isivuno esiphakeme kakhulu sezithelo ezincane ezisikiwe, ezihlukaniswa ukunambitheka okuhle kanye nokuvela kokusebenzisa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo. Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo be-hybrid abulula, ngakho-ke, cishe amashumi amathathu eminyaka, baziwa bufanelwe.
