Izinhlobonhlobo zamaTamatisi "Ukuqhuma" ukuthola abalandeli abaningi. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zaqalwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XXI. Kulula ukuhlanza nokuhle kakhulu. Sikhombisa izinzuzo zayo ezinkulu nemithetho yokunakekelwa kwayo.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Ukukhuluma ngamatamatisi "ukuqhuma", okokuqala kufanele uqaphele ubukhulu besitshalo. Ingafinyelela kumitha ekuphakameni. Kodwa ukuphakama okuvamile kwetamatisi kungokwesigamu okuningi.
Izithelo zomuthi utamatisi "Ukuqhuma" kuhle kakhulu. Izihlahla zalesi sitshalo azihlanganisiwe kakhulu, zisakazeka. Akuzona amaqabunga amaningi kakhulu. Izithelo zilinganiselwe. Utamatisi obomvu obomvu, oluhlaza okungavuthiwe. Utamatisi ngokwawo ayindilinga, isisindo sesithelo esijwayelekile asidluli amagremu ayi-100. Utamatisi anamafutha futhi aqinile, alondolozwe kahle ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zika utamatisi kungokwezihlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa, kusukela ekungenizeni imbewu emhlabathini nokuthola izithelo ezivuthiwe akudluli izinsuku ezingu-100-110. Amaqabunga esihlahla ajwayelekile futhi anemibala eluhlaza. I-inflorescence ilula, isiqu salolu hlobo lwezotamatisi nge-joint.
Hlola izinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zamehlo: "iNkosi", "i-Star yaseSiberia", "i-Rio Grande", "i-Honey Spas", "i-Gigolo", i- "Rapunzel", "i-Samara", "isimangaliso somhlaba", "i-pink paradise", i- "volgograd" , "Olubomvu u-Red" futhi "iKhadidi".
Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekisela ekutheni utamatisi, kodwa futhi kufanelekile ukulondolozwa.
Umbono walolu utamatisi uwukuthi hybrid.
Muva nje, waqashelwa njengendlela ehlukahlukene kunazo zonke utamatisi ngo-2016.
Uyazi? Ukuhunyushwa kusuka "itamatisi" yase-Italy kusho "i-apula yegolide".
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Izinzuzo zihlanganisa iqiniso lokuthi Utamatisi uvuthwe konke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo utamatisi "Ukuqhuma" - ukukhula ekuseni Uma uhlwanyela imbewu ngo-Mashi, bese ngo-June uzobe usadla kakade utamatisi kusuka engadini yakho yemifino. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlupheka kancane, okuyinto futhi inzuzo yabo. Lapho echaza utamatisi "Ukuqhuma", kubalulekile ukuphawula izici zalo njengokunganaki ekunakekeleni. Utamatisi uvumelane nanoma yisiphi isimo sezulu. Izithelo ziboshwe kahle. "Ukuqhuma" akudingi ukuphuza njalo futhi kungabekezelela isomiso kahle. 
Kusukela ezimeni ezimbi zalezi zitshalo kungabizwa ukuthi yini ukunambitha utamatisi kuhle nakuba kungakhululekile. Isivuno salolu hlobo lwezotamatisi siyisilinganiso, okungahle sithathwe ngokuthi kunokungalungi.
Kusukela enhla ngenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi utamatisi "Ukuqhuma" kufanelekile kubalimi abavela kusayithi kuphela ngoMgqibelo nangeSonto.
Ukutshala utamatisi "Ukuqhuma"
Utamatisi "Ukuqhuma" kungaba zitshala ngezindlela ezimbili: i-rassadnym ne-seedless. Ngayinye yalezi zindlela kuhle ngendlela yayo. Sizokutshela ngalunye lalezi zindlela zokutshala utamatisi "Ukuqhuma" ngokwehlukana.
Rassadny indlela
Lowo owatshala utamatisi "Ukuqhuma" ngendlela yokutshala uyazi ukuthi imbewu kufanele ikulungele ukutshala. Ukwenza lokhu, baxiliswe kwisixazululo se-5% sosawoti oludliwayo imizuzu engu-10. Ngemuva kwalokho, imbewu ihlanjululwa futhi ifakwe emanzini okuvuvukala. Uma imbewu idala - ineminyaka emine ubudala noma ngaphezulu - kubalulekile ukwenqaba. 
Imbewu enziwe njengale: uthathe isoso bese ubeka indwangu ehambelana namanzi. Faka i-napkin ufake imbewu. Ukumboza ngesembozo ukuze amanzi angaqhumeki. Konke lokhu kufakwa endaweni efudumele yokuvuvukala cishe amahora amabili. Ngemuva kwalokho, imbewu izitshalwe emhlabathini (noma kunjalo, zingashiyelwa ku-saucer kuze kufike ukuhluma). Uma utshala, umhlabathi kufanele uswakanyiswe, kodwa ungagcwaliswa, ukuze umoya ungenele ngokukhululekile kuwo.
Uma imbewu ihlanzekile futhi isomile, akufanele ifakwe. Ngokushesha uzitshale emhlabathini, futhi zizohluma kahle.
Kubalulekile futhi ukulungisa umhlaba wokutshala imifino. Ngalesi sizathu, kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise inhlabathi nomhlabathi ojwayelekile. Ngomhlabathi, thatha inani elinganayo le-turf ne-humus. Ukwenza kube okuxekethile, engeza i-sawdust noma i-peat. 
Kusukela emihlanganisweni, ungathatha i-substrate kakhukhunathi: ngiyabonga, utamatisi wakho uyoba nezimpande eziqinile, futhi zizokhula ngokushesha.
Sebenzisa amaphilisi e-Peat 34 cm ububanzi. Tshala kuze kufike ku-4 imbewu ka utamatisi nge-peat tablet. Lapho nje lesi sitshalo sinika izimpande ezinhle, kufanele sitshalwe sibe yibhodlela leplastiki elingu-1 litre.
Imifino yezitshalo idinga ekuqaleni. Izithombo zezitshalo emabhokisini omhlaba. Ukuphakama kwebhokisi kufanele kube ngo-10 cm nangaphezulu. Imbewu ijulise kusuka ku-50 mm kuya ku-1 cm emhlabathini. Imbewu ingakhula masinyane noma emva kwesikhashana. Kuncike ekushiseni nasezingeni eliphezulu lembewu. Ukushisa okufanele kakhulu kunama-25 ° С. Ungafafaza inhlabathi lapho imbewu itshalwe khona, isihlabathi, ukuze amahlumela angaguli "umlenze omnyama". 
Lapho kuvela amahlumela, utamatisi omncane kufanele agcizelelwe ngezibani. Okuhle kunakho konke Izinsuku zokuqala zifaka izibani ezungeze iwashi: Izithombo zithanda ukukhanya kakhulu.
Ngokulandelayo, amahlumela amancane ale ndawo athunyelwa endaweni epholile, enezinga lokushisa cishe ngo-15 ° C. Ngeviki, izinga lokushisa kufanele liphakanyiswe ku-19 ° С. Ebusuku, kungcono ukuvula iwindi ukuze ugcine izinga lokushisa ebusuku ngaphakathi kuka-15 ° C. Kodwa kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi umoya awuqhubeki phezu kwamahlumela.
Ngaphambi kokuba ishidi lokuqala livele, Ukuphuza akunconywa. Ungasifaka nje umhlabathi uma usomile kakhulu. Uma ishidi lokuqala livela, ukuchelela kuyenziwa kanye nezinsuku ezingu-7. Uma kukhona amashidi ama-5, ungakwazi ukuwasebenzisa njalo ngezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine. 
Indlela yokuzala
Ukuhlwanyela utamatisi uqala ngokushesha nje lapho umhlaba uqhuma, okungukuthi, emavikini okuqala kaMeyi. Okokuqala udinga ukumba umbhede wama-70-80 amentimitha ububanzi. Sebenzisa umlotha noma i-humus njengomanyolo. Utamatisi womquba uyaphikisana. Uma unombhede ophakeme ngokhuni - lokhu kungcono nakakhulu. Ngezansi, faka umquba obolayo nge humus nohlaza. Okulandelayo, uthele inhlabathi emnyama ukuphakama kwama-20 cm. Beka i-arc yonkana emibhede futhi ulungiselele ifilimu indawo yokukhosela. Uzodinga isigamu samabhodlela epulasitiki.
Utamatisi uhlwanyelwa emigqeni emibili. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe ngamasentimitha angu-50. Yenza imigodi emigqeni emibili ukuze kuthi uma kukhona imbobo emgqeni wokuqala, okwesibili, ngokuphambene, akufanele kube khona. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigodi lingamamentimitha angama-30. Kubuye kubalulekile ukususa amaqabunga angaphezu kwamandla bese udala imifino. Ngaphambi kokutshala, uthele inhlabathi ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate noma amanzi afudumele. 
Beka imbewu engu-4-5 emthonjeni owodwa. Thela umhlaba ngamasentimitha angqimba nesigamu futhi uthele amanzi afudumele. Ngemuva kokuphuza, vala isidleke ngasinye ngesigamu se-plastic. Okulandelayo simboza umbhede ngezinto zokumboza futhi ngaphezu kwama-arcs nge-cellophane ifilimu.
Indlela yokunakekela utamatisi
Ngaphezu kokutshala kubalulekile ukunakekelwa kwemifino. Ukushiya kuhlanganisa ukuchelela, ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukudla, ukusiphula kanye nokuhamba.
Ukunisela nokudla
Utamatisi ungathandi amanzi amaningi kodwa futhi abakwazi ukubekezelela ukungabi khona kwayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuwazisa imifino ngokushesha nje lapho ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi luma. Kuyadingeka ukuba uphuze kanye ngezinsuku ezingu-7, ngokuningi. 
Kubalulekile! Utamatisi kufanele abe namanzi akwanele kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhluma kuze kuvele izithelo. Uma kungenjalo, izithelo ziyoba ezincane, futhi amaqabunga azohamba azungeze.
Utamatisi uthatha ukuchelela ukuchelela. Lapho uwaphuza ngale ndlela imifino ngeke ihlukumeze izithelo. Uma ungeza amaphini ambalwa omlotha ku-ibhakede eli-10 litre futhi usebenzise lamanzi lamanzi, utamatisi wakho ngeke ube nengozi yokulimala.
Ukugqoka phezulu utamatisi kufanele kwenzeke okungenani kathathu ngenkathi eyodwa. Yondla izitshalo njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi nane. Sebenzisa noma yikuphi umanyolo, kodwa sebenzisa i-nitrogen encane, kungcono ukuthatha i-phosphorus noma i-potassium. Ungasebenzisa lesi sombululo: ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, uthathe 55 g we-superphosphate, 15 g we-ammonium nitrate kanye no-35 g we-potassium chloride. Ungase futhi usebenzise isisombululo sezinyoni ze-bird: futhi kufanelekile njengomanyolo wale mijelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukondla imifino nge magnesium ne-boron (ekugcineni - ngesikhathi sezimbali, ukuze izimbali zingabhubhisi). Spray isisombululo se-boric yesitshalo kufanele sibe ntambama. Elitha elilodwa lamanzi kuthatha igramu eyodwa ye-boric acid. 
Izici zezitamatisi ze-pasynkovo
Isiqu se-utamatisi singakwazi ukuphuma, "ukubeletha" kwesinye isiqephu se-stem kusuka endaweni lapho iqabunga lishiya khona. Kulesi sigaba seqabunga lomuthi kanye nezithelo nazo zikhula. Lezi zingcezu ze-stem zibizwa ngokuthi izingane zokutholwa. Uma zingasusiwe, utamatisi uzokwehla. Ngenxa yalokhu, izithelo utamatisi ziba ezincane ngobukhulu. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, sebenzisa i-pinching.
Kubalulekile! Kungcono ukususa izinyathelo lapho zisencane - usayizi wabo akufanele udlule u-5 cm. Uma isiteji selukhule kakade, ungalimaza isitshalo lapho sisusiwe.
I-Pasynki ingasuswa kusukela ngesikhathi sokufika emhlabathini. Bese-ke bangaphansi kuka-1 cm ubude. Emva kokutshala, lawa utamatisi kumele asuswe kanye emva kwezinsuku ezingu-7. Ukuthola kuyenzeka ngesikhathi sonke sokukhula kwesitshalo, nasebusini bokushisa - ngisho nangesikhathi sokuvuna. 
Ukuphela kwenqubo enkulu ye-stem iphela njalo ngebhashi. Susa zonke izingane zokutholwa azidingi: izitshalo ngeke zikhule futhi izitshalo zemifino zizobe zincane.
Uma usususa i-stepon, kubalulekile ukuthi usayizi wesimanje ufinyelele kumasentimitha angu-4-5. Kusukela ekuqaleni, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi yikuphi ingane yokutholwa ezoholela ekubunjweni kwesiqu.
Okuhle kunakho konke aphule amagatsha ngezandla zakhe. Yenza ekuseni, sigqoke amagilavu we-rubber. I-Stepsy pinch iminwe emibili nokuphuka, ihamba ngezindlela ezahlukene. Isilonda sakha esakhiweni sekhefu, kodwa ekupheleni kosuku kuyobuna futhi kume ukukhathaza imifino. 
Ungakwazi ukusika ama-stepons ngommese. Kubalulekile ukuthi leli blade liqiniswe kahle ukuze lenze ukulimala okuncane. I-Pasichkovanie yenza ngommese kufanele ibe nenembile kakhulu, ukuze ingalimazi isitshalo namaqabunga. Ngemuva kokusika izihlahla, kubalulekile ukuphosa ummese kwisisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate noma i-lime chloride. Ngemva kwalokhu, qhubeka nokusika izilimo zesibili. Akudingekile ukususa sonke isinyathelo: kubalulekile ukushiya ucezu lwesentimitha esisodwa nesigamu ukuze ihlumela lingaphuthuki. Izitshalo ezifuthiwe kufanele zithathwe ezitshalweni, ngaphandle kwalokho zizobangela izifo nezifo.
Naphezu kwakho konke okusemandleni akho, ingane encane ehlala kude ingakwazi ukukhula endaweni efanayo. Ikhula kusuka ezinso ezilele. Izinqubo ezinjalo kumele zisuswe futhi.
Ngezinye izikhathi i-stepon yenziwa kusukela endaweni yokukhula kwamaqabunga aphansi. Ukuze ugweme ukulayisha ngokweqile, lezi zinyathelo kufanele nazo zisuswe. 
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Ukunciphisa umzimba kusetshenzisiwe ukuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa kanye nezakhiwo zomhlabathi. Ukunciphisa umzimba kuvikela umhlabathi ekuhlanganiseni futhi kugcinwa ukulinganisela kwamanzi namanzi omhlabathi. Iphinde ivikele umhlaba ezihlakalweni zezitshalo futhi igcine izithelo eziyisisekelo ezibolile. Nge-mulching efanele, ukukhulula nokukhipha i-weeding ngokuvamile akudingeki.
Umhlabathi okhululekile kufanele ukhululiwe. Spud utamatisi kufanele kube izikhathi ezimbili noma kathathu ngonyaka ngamunye. Ukhula kufanele lulahlwe masinyane emva kokutshala utamatisi nangaphambi kokuvuna.
Kungcono ukuguqula umhlaba kwentwasahlobo. Ukuncintisana kwenziwa uma izinga lokushisa ebusuku lingangeni ngaphansi kuka-14-18 ° C amasonto amabili. I-mulch ngokuvamile kaningi ngotshani noma ngotshani. Ubuningi noma ungcwatshwe emhlabathini (isibonelo, umquba), noma ubeke emgqonyeni we-compost. Ukunciphisa umzimba kuqhutshwa ngokuhambisana nendawo yezulu kanye nohlobo lwenhlabathi.
Funda ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani utamatisi ngokukhula.
Ukuphikiswa kwezilokazane nezifo
Isici esibalulekile lapho ukhetha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamatamatisi ukuthambekela kwazo ezifweni kanye nezinambuzane. Lolu hlobo lwezotamatisi alumelana nokulimala okwesikhashana, phezulu kanye nokubola kwezimpande, okungukuthi, akuyona ingozi yokugula. "Ukuqhuma" kuyindlela elula yokunakekelwa nokungahloniphi utamatisi. Kusuka ezinambuzane "Ukuqhuma" kungavunyelwa izidakamizwa ezijwayelekile zemithi.
Ukuvuna
Ukuvuna imifino kwenziwa ngesimo sezulu esishisayo ngaphandle kwamanzi kuwo. Utamatisi uvunwa ekuseni kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, utamatisi obubi nobumnyama ususwe. Susa utamatisi ovuthiwe kuphela: izinto eziwusizo ezengeziwe zizohlinzekwa kubafowabo, futhi utamatisi okhethiwe uyofika ekhaya.
Kususiwe lezo tamatisi ezifinyelele usayizi ojwayelekile, kodwa ziluhlaza. Bafinyelela zingakapheli amasonto amabili ngemuva kokususwa emhlathini. Kubalulekile ukususa wonke utamatisi ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa: ngaphandle kwalokho utamatisi ngeke uvuthwe futhi ngeke ulondolozwe isikhathi eside. Kodwa uma usususile utamatisi ngemuva kokushisa kwesimo sezulu, kungcono ukuwasebenzisa ekukhethweni. Uma utamatisi luncane kakhulu, usayizi ongavamile, kungcono ukuthi ungabakhethi, uma kungenjalo kuyokwenyuka futhi ungavuthwa. 
Ukugcina utamatisi udinga ekushiseni kwe-18-25 ° C. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, utamatisi uzovuthwa kancane kancane; Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lezithelo libolile.
Umswakama kufanele ube phakathi kwama-80% no-85%. Uma umswakama emoyeni uba mkhulu, uzobola izithelo. Ngomswakama omncane, amanzi aphuphuma kusuka utamatisi, futhi aqhwaza.
Kubalulekile ukuthi utamatisi oqoqwe uthole umoya omningi.
Uyazi? Igama elithi "utamatisi" lafika kithi kusukela kuma-Aztec, balibiza ngokuthi "utamatisi".
Lokhu kusho ukuthi utamatisi ovalwe ngokumangalisa awukwazi ukugcinwa. Igumbi lapho izithelo zitholakala khona kufanele zivame ukuvunywa.
Utamatisi we-Ripen kokubili ekukhanyeni nasebumnyameni. Ekukhanyeni, ukuvuthwa kuyashesha futhi izithelo zingcono. Ekwindla, utamatisi uvuthwe kangcono kuma-verandas avaliwe noma ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, lapho kungekho khona ukutholakala komswakama. Ungafaki izithelo emgqeni ongaphezu kuka-20 cm, ngaphandle kwalokho zivuthwe kabi. Ngesikhathi kuhlolwa izithelo kuyadingeka ukususa amakhophi abolile. 
Kanti futhi, utamatisi ungavuthwa ezihlahleni, uhlulwe. Kungcono ukugcina lezi zihlahla ngaphansi komcibisholo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenziwa ekwindla. Izihlahla ziboshelwe izithelo phansi ocingweni noma zibekwe eshalofini. Utamatisi ovuthiwe anjalo futhi ahlanzekile futhi aphezulu, ngoba athola izinto eziwusizo isikhathi eside kusuka kusitshalo somama.
Utamatisi uvuthwe kahle uma zixiliswa ngesibani esibhakabhaka imizuzu engu-20-30 ngosuku. Amandla okukhanya kufanele abe ama-watts angu-60. Isibani kufanele sibekwe kude ka-50 cm esithelweni.
Ukuze isitoreji, kungcono ukhethe kuphela utamatisi ohamba phambili. Igumbi kanye nesitsha lapho utamatisi zizogcinwa khona kufanele kube khona nge-disinfected.
Ukushisa lokugcina isitamatisi kufanele kube ngu-0.5-1 ° C.
Ngakho-ke, ngisho nasendlini yensimu ye-novice, utamatisi okhulayo wezinhlobonhlobo "Ukuqhuma" akuyona inzima kakhulu. Ngokulandela imithetho echazwe ngenhla, ungazijabulisa wena nabanye. isivuno esikhulu.
