I-Quinoa emasimini ethu - isivakashi esivamile. Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zazo ezaziwa. Ihlanganiswe nekhabethe elinyene lemiklamo yomuntu siqu, izakhiwo ezingenamsebenzi, amabhange omfula, izingadi, amasimu kanye nemifino yemifino. Ukhula kuleli lizwe - lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu kubanikazi, ngoba ngokuvamile ukuvuna okwejwayelekile akukwanele ukuba kuphele isikhathi esisodwa ukulahla ukukhula okungadingeki.
Uyazi? Ngaphandle komkhuba, sibheka i-quinoa isitshalo sokhula, kepha futhi isitshalo semifino esinomsoco, owavame ukudliwa hhayi okhokho bethu kuphela, kodwa futhi namaRoma, amaFulentshi, amaJalimane namaGreki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-quinoa ingasisindisa ezifweni eziningi. Lesi sitshalo asikho ukuphikisana nemiphumela emibi, evumela ukuthi ithathe konke ngaphandle kokungafani.
Ake sibuke ukuthi i-quinoa yilaphi nokuthi ingakhula kanjani ukhula kuleli lizwe.
I-quinoa: incazelo yokhula
Ukhula lwe-quinoa - Isitshalo saminyaka yonke somndeni wezinhlamvu. I-quinoa engenakuzithoba, futhi ngisho nasezindaweni ezithuthukile kakhulu ekuphakameni kufinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha. Utshani lwe-quinoa une-stalk eqondile, engxenyeni engenhla ehlukaniswa ngayo enye, futhi amaqabunga anamalungiselelo aphikisanayo angaphansi, amakhulu, ama-triangular, anezinyosi ezincane eceleni komphetho. Amagama angaphezu kuka-20 athandwa ukhula ayaziwa: ufulawa, u-mar, isipinashi sasendle. I-quinoa utshani yabizwa ngokuthi i-plaque emhlophe emaqabunga. Iveza izimbali ze-nondescript eziluhlaza, ziqoqwe ngama-pancake. Lesi sitshalo sinomsizi omude ovulekile, ekugcineni lapho kutholakala khona amantongomane amancane kuso. Bahlwanyela ngokukhululekile umhlaba kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba. I-Quinoa cishe ayinakho ukunambitheka nokuhogela.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi emhlabeni kukhona inqwaba yezinhlobo ze-quinoa, kubalimi be-amateur, izinhlobo ezimbili ziyingozi kakhulu - ingadi futhi zivamile. I-quinoa yaseJalimini isitshalo semifino esinezinto ezincibilikisayo, zokuhlobisa nokuphulukisa. Ekuphekeni, amaqabunga ayo asetshenziselwa uhlobo olusha noma olusawoti.
Uyazi? I-quinoa iwusizo kakhulu kunesipinashi esidumile, njengoba iqukethe inani elincane kakhulu le-oxalic acid.
I-quinoa yase-Garden inamahlamvu amakhulu. Ngokubukeka, lesi sitshalo sibonakala sikhangayo, ngenxa yobuningi bayo bombala. I-quinoa ayithobekile futhi ingakhulelwa ngempumelelo kunoma yiziphi izimo. IQuinoa evamile ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezifudumele nezishisayo. Leli qembu lihlanganisa izitshalo ezibalulekile ekubonweni kwezolimo: i-shrub, i-semi-shrub, ihlala isikhathi eside futhi ijwayelekile. Ezinye zezinhlobo zawo zimbozwa ama-trichomes amahle kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela zakha umqondo wokuthi yonke isihlahla sifafazwe ufulawa omhlophe.
Indlela yokubhekana ne-quinoa ezweni, amathiphu asebenzayo
Ukhula luyinhlekelele yangempela kuwo wonke umuntu ohlala ehlobo. Ikakhulukazi ihlukumeza abalimi be-quinoa. I-quinoa engadini iyasakaza ngesivinini somsindo, ngakho-ke, uma singaqala ukubhubhisa ukhula ngesikhathi esifanele, sizosibekela ngokushesha isakhiwo sonke. Abantu beza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokubhekana ne-quinoa. Kodwa-ke, akufanelekile ngentshiseko ukuqeda lesi sitshalo, ngoba ukubhujiswa kwayo ngokuphelele kungaphazamisa ukulingana kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukushiya i-quinoa yedwa ekhula endaweni yayo yemvelo.
Kubalulekile! Entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, izinyosi zinezitshalo ezanele lapho ziqoqa ngenkuthalo impova - i-buckwheat, i-oak, i-elm, i-maple, i-hazel, i-linden ne-sunflower. Kodwa emva kukaJulayi kuphelile, cishe akusikho izitshalo eziqhakazayo ezifanele ukuqoqa impova, bese kuthiwa i-quinoa, engakwazi ukuqhakaza ngisho nasekwindla ngasekupheleni, nje ngendlela.
I-quinoa ingenakuzithoba futhi inamakhono aguquguqukayo aphezulu, okuyinto enzima kakhulu ekubhujisweni kwayo futhi isishukumisele ukuba sifunde ngokuningiliziwe umbuzo wokuthi singabhekana kanjani nokhula.
Ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali komhlaba, indlela yokubhubhisa i-quinoa e-dacha
Ngokwesiko, indlela eyinhloko yokubhekana ne-quinoa yikususwa kwe-mechanical yesitshalo kanye nezingxenye zayo kusukela kusayithi. Ngenxa yalokhu, entwasahlobo nasekwindla, lapho emba noma ehluma inhlabathi, izimpande zezitshalo zikhethwe ngokucophelela emhlabathini. Ukumba kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa imfoloko, ngoba lokhu kusungula akulimazi kakhulu i-rhizome ye-quinoa, kodwa kunalokho kusiza ukukhipha isitshalo ngokunembile ngangokunokwenzeka emhlabathini, okuvimbela ukusabalala kwayo. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho baqinisekisa ukuthi emva kokuhlanza okunjalo ungasho ukuthi udlale i-quinoa iminyaka eminingi. Khumbula ukuthi ngalezi zinhloso akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa iforve, ngoba lokhu kusungula kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuxhaphazwa.
Indlela yokubhekana namakhemikhali e-quinoa
Indlela yamakhemikhali yokubhekana ne-quinoa ithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi. Ukubulala udoti kuyisikhali esinamandla ngokumelene namahlumela we-quinoa. Kodwa-ke, uma usebenzisa, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezinonya aziwa ezitshalweni ezihlwanyelwe, kanti "u-wand" osindisayo akaba "inkemba yokujeziswa". Futhi ngalokhu udinga ukuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha lapho usebenzisa ukuhlunga. Ukubhubhisa abakhiqizi bezitshalo base-quinoa basebenzise isisindo se-systemic yesenzo esiqhubekayo - "Roundup", into esebenzayo ye-glyphosate. 
Uma amahlumela okuthiwa i-quinoa abhujiswe asondelene nezitshalo zensimu, ke ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukuthi bangafaki izidakamizwa, kepha basebenzise nge-syringe endaweni ekhulayo yamahlumela e-quinoa. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa ukhula lwe "Roundup" luqala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinsuku ezine. I-plus enkulu iwukuthi ama-bacterium enhlabathini abambe iqhaza ekwehleni kwesidakamizwa futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-18 kuphela - izinsuku ezingu-45 kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwawo ngeke zihlale zilandelana. "Roundup" yisifo esincane esivunyelwe yi-Ministry of Health.
Uyazi? I-quinoa enokhula enobubi inempahla eminingi enenzuzo: ihlanza ngokuphelele umzimba kusuka ebuchosheni, isusa amakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubhekwa njenge-laxative enhle kakhulu kulabo abambelela ekutheni ukudla kwe-carbohydrate futhi bahlehliswa ngokuqothulwa.
Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokucubungula i-quinoa yenkanyamba. Kodwa ukuze kufinyelele umphumela omkhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwayo, ukucubungula kwe-quinoa kufanele kwenziwe kwesikhashana. Iqiniso liwukuthi uma lesi sitshalo siphathwa ngesitshalo ezimvula noma sezulu esimanzi, kuphela ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba yokhula izobhubha, futhi izimpande zayo ngeke zithinte futhi ngokushesha maduze amahlumela abo azovela kusayithi.
Uyazi? Okuyingozi kakhulu kubhekwa njenge-quinoa kubantu abahlukumezeka ngokuvela emlandweni we-allergenic. Kanye ne-ambrosia nomhlonyane, kubangelwa izilonda ezintathu eziyingozi kunazo zonke futhi ungumholi ongamangalelwa phakathi kwezimbangela zemvelo yonyaka.
Ikhambi eliphumelelayo lokubhujiswa kwe-quinoa kubhekwa njengelesi sidakamizwa esithi "Lazurit", okuwukuthi ukhula lwezinhloso ezikhethekile. Uma ukucubungula inhlabathi kufanele kube inhlabathi evulekile. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngesimo sezulu esiphelile nesomile. Ngemva kokucubungula isayithi, lo muthi ugcina umsebenzi wawo izinyanga ezilodwa nengxenye, okuqeda ngokuphelele umuntu ogqoke ukhula olukhulayo.
Indlela yokukhipha i-quinoa engadini, izinyathelo zokuvimbela
I-quinoa yisitshalo esivamile sokhula esingawuthatha ngokushesha yonke indawo, okubangela ukuba umfuyi wezitshalo afune izindlela eziphumelelayo zokuvimbela.
Kubalulekile! Esinye isizathu esibalulekile sokunqothula ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwe-quinoa ukuthi ukudonsa usawoti emhlabathini. Le ndawo ye-quinoa iwusizo ngokukhethekile kubanikazi bezindawo ezinezinhlabathi zomunyu, njengoba ukutshala kwalo kusiza ekuthuthukiseni izinga lomhlabathi.
Namuhla, sekuye kwasetshenziswa izindlela eziningi ezivimbela ukubukeka kwe-quinoa kusayithi, kusukela okhula olukhulayo, ukwelashwa kwekwindla yeziqephu nge-herbicides ukuze kuhlanganiswe. Futhi yikuphi okumele ukhethe kuncike kuphela kumakhono omlimi wegadi.
Uyazi? I-quinoa enomile futhi ephoqelekile ihlanza kahle inhlabathi nge-nitrogen futhi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-fertilizer amakhemikhali.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-herbicide kuyanconywa ngesikhathi ukwelashwa ekwindla kwemibhede enganakiwe. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ngeziqephu, njengomthetho, yonke imifino isivele isusiwe, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuba kwenziwe ukuqhutshwa okuphelele kweziqephu. Amakhemikhali akhuthaza abalimi bezitshalo ngokuthi nje amaconsi ambalwa nje kuphela akwanele ekuqedeni i-quinoa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kwemvelo kuphephile futhi uma uhlakulela isayithi ekwindla, khona-ke entwasahlobo ungathula imifino ngokuphepha. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi bahlanganisa imishini emisha, basebenzisa obaba bethu ngenkuthalo. Yiqiniso, ngokungafani nabalimi bezitshalo zanamuhla, abazange basebenzise amafilimu okugqoka okhethekile nezinsimbi ezingavunyelwe, kodwa bamane bahlanganisa isikhala esiseduze nezitshalo nge-sawdust, utshani, amabhodi, izingcezu ze-toli, ngisho nekhadibhodi elikhulu.
Ifilimu emnyama ne-nonwovens ayidlulisi ukukhanya emhlathini wezinyosi, okuvimbela ngokuphelele ukukhula kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalimi abanolwazi benza ukutshala okuhlangene kwezitshalo ezihlukahlukene, futhi futhi akuvumeli ukuhluma kwe-quinoa ukuze ikhule. Ngezinye izikhathi indlela yezinto eziphilayo isetshenziselwa ukusheshisa ukukhula kwekhula. Kuze kube sekupheleni, entwasahlobo, ngemuva kweqhwa, lihlanganisa yonke indawo ngefilimu ebonakalayo. Ngaphansi kwesiphephelo esinjalo, imbewu ye-quinoa ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu, ngemva kwalokho amahlumela aphelisa nje. 
Ngomnyaka we-1930, ukwenzela ukusheshisa ukukhula kokhula, i-America yazama ukulima umhlabathi ngesisombululo se-6% se-ethyl alcohol namanzi: izithombo zokhula zivela ngokukhawuleza khulu kulesi simo, ngemva kwalokho zisuswe ngenye indlela elulako yokusebenza. Kodwa ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zendlela akuhambanga kakhulu. Yiqiniso, i-quinoa yinokhula enonya, kodwa kunenzuzo enkulu emzimbeni wethu emaqabunga awo, ngakho-ke akudingekile ukubhubhisa amahlumela ayo, ungawadla.
