Kukholelwa ukuthi u-anyanisi kulula ukukhulisa. Mhlawumbe, yilabo kuphela abangazange bacabange kanjalo. Umgcini wegadi unezinkinga eziningi, futhi uma zingaxazululwa, u-anyanisi angabola engadini kakade. Noma-ke, kwisitoreji. Kubalulekile ukuzazi lezi zingibe futhi ukwazi ukuzungeza.
Izimbangela zokubola u-anyanisi engadini
Ukuze ukhule u-anyanisi onempilo futhi omuhle, kufanele ulandele ngokusobala yonke imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo: amanzi, kepha hhayi amaningi, ukondla, kepha ngokulinganisa, enza izindlela zokuvimbela, ahlinzeke ngokukhanyayo, abuke ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, njll. Izizathu zokuba u-anyanisi aqale ukubola ngqo embhedeni wengadi, okuningi.
Izifo noma izinambuzane
I-anyanisi inezinambuzane eziningi, futhi kunezifo eziningi. Kuliqiniso, akusizizo zonke eziholela ekubumbeni ipeni, nokunye okungaphezu kwalokho, kepha kukhona ezinye. Uma ubuchwepheshe bokutshala bulandelwa, amathuba okubonakala kwawo mancane, kepha izitshalo ezibuthakathaka ziyagula noma zithinteke kalula yizilokazane.
I-anyanisi bacteriosis
I-bacteriosis ayiveli ngokushesha, umphumela wayo uvame ukubonakala ekugcineni kwenkathi yokukhula. Izimpawu ziba mucous ekuthinteni, ezindaweni ezithambile zombala onsundu ngokwebala kumabhuleki. Okokuqala, ezinye izikali zibola, zifakwa ngaphakathi ezinempilo, kepha-ke isibazi sonke siyabola bese sikhipha iphunga le-fetid. Umswakama omningi womhlaba unengxenye ekuthelelekeni nge-bacteriosis, ngakho-ke, ekuniseleni, ngaso sonke isikhathi kudingeka wazi isilinganiso.
Nge-bacteriosis, ukubola kungaqala kusuka kunoma yisiphi isikali, kepha khona-ke yonke into izimbozwa
Ukubola okumhlophe
Lesi sifo sokukhunta ekuqaleni sivezwa ngokuphuzi kwamaqabunga, okuzophela maduze. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-mycelium emhlophe ekotini enamafomu amachashazi amnyama phansi ezilingini. Isakazekela ngokushesha kuma-flakes anyanisi: okokuqala kwabangaphandle, bese kujule futhi kujule. Ngomonakalo omkhulu, ama-bulb rots ngokuphelele. Ukuvela kwalesi sifo kufaka isandla ekuswiseni ngokweqile ngokubambisana nesimo sezulu esibandayo namanye amaphutha ekunakekelweni kwe-anyanisi.
I-Fusarium bola
I-Fusarium iboniswa ngokuphuzi kanye nokushintshwa kwamaqabunga, avele kancane kancane futhi omile. Izitshalo ziba buthaka, uhlelo lwezimpande. Ukujikeleza bese kudlulela kumabhuleki. I-Fusarium ihlala ivela esimweni sezulu esishisayo esishisayo, futhi inomthelela ekuthelelekeni kwe-anyanisi fly. Ukuhlwanyela ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezifo.
I-Powdery hlobo
Lesi sifo siqala ngokuqina kwamahlamvu: aphenduka aphuzi futhi akhubazekile. Ngemuva kwalokho ambozwe ngumbala obukhulu obukeka njengamabala akhanyayo ngesimo sezulu esomile noma i-grayish-purple in wet. Ngemuva kwamaqabunga, sekuyisikhathi sokubola nama-bulbs, khona-ke izimpande. Njengokubola okumhlophe, i-Powdery isikhutha ihlala ibanda lapho kubanda futhi kunesimo sezulu esimanzi, ikakhulukazi uma kudlula ngokweqile ngamanyolo e-nitrogen.
Izimpawu ze-powdery isikhutha ziyefana nalezo ezitshalwe kwezinye izitshalo.
I-anyanisi indiza
Kwezinambuzane, umphumela wazo osevele ubonakala engadini, ukundiza kwe-anyanisi kuyingozi enkulu kunazo zonke. Impukane ngokwayo icishe ayinabungozi, izibungu zayo zidla u-anyanisi. Zenza amaqabunga womabili amahlamvu nezinhlamvu, zidla inyama yezitshalo, ngenxa yalokhu izinhlamvu ziyabola. Kulula ukuthola izibungu: zombili namaqanda abekwe impukane ziyabonakala kahle. Izaqathi ezitshalwe eduze kwe-anyanisi ngokuthembekile zixosha impukane. Ukungcoliswa kwemibhede yothuli lukagwayi noma ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides kungasiza ekuthelelekeni.
Ngaphandle, impukane ka-anyanisi ibukeka njengendiza ejwayelekile, yasekhaya.
I-anyanisi grouse (esidla izimpande)
I-creeper ifana ne-anyanisi fly, kepha inosayizi abakhulu. Kubangela ukulimala okuphezulu kakhulu eduze kokuqala kukaJulayi. Izibungu zakhe zidla isibani, zigibela kuso, esidala ukubola. Izitshalo zika-izaqathe zixosha lesi sinambuzane kude nemibhede ye-anyanisi. Ukulawulwa kwesibungu esivele savela kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kudinga ama-insecticides anamandla.
Ividiyo: izifo ze-anyanisi
Inhlabathi ebhloka amanzi
Uhlu olufushane lwezifo lukhombisa ukuthi iningi lazo liba nomthelela ekuniseleni ngokweqile noma esimweni sezulu esinethayo. Ukuzitika ngokweqile kwengadi kungaholela ekuboshweni kwe-anyanisi ngaphakathi nakuye uqobo, ngaphandle "kosizo" lwamagciwane. I-anyanisi idinga inhlabathi enomswakama, ngaphandle kokunisela ngeke uthole ama-bulbs amakhulu, kepha lapha udinga ukwazi isilinganiso. Mhlawumbe lo mzuzu unzima kakhulu ekukhuleni u-anyanisi. Kudingeka inhlabathi enomswakama ngokulinganayo kule nkambiso, ukunisela imibhede kumiswa kuphela amasonto amathathu kuya amane ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Lapho kukhula anyanisi kuvame ukuhlela izinhlelo zokunisela
Ubungozi obuningi buchichima enhlabathini enobumba, kanye nalapho kudlula khona amanzi asemhlabathini. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udinga ukufaka isihlabathi embhedeni futhi uwukhulise. Uma inhlabathi engaphezulu ungqimba kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthambisa akufanele kwenziwe. I-anyanisi idinga umswakama omningi ngesikhathi sokukhula okuqinile kwama bulbs, kepha ngisho nangalesi sikhathi kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuze uma lina isikhathi eside, umbhede wengadi kungenzeka, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umbozwe ngefilimu kubo.
Izinto zokutshala ezingezinhle
Kokubili imbewu (i-chernushka) ne-sevocs ingatheleleka. Kuzona zozimbili lezi zinhlaka, ukulungiselela kusengaphambili kuyadingeka. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukwenza imbewu yakho ungcweliswe (izinkampani eziningi manje sezisondela kulolo daba ngokuzibophezela, futhi kuncane futhi kulula kakhulu ukuthenga imbewu enegciwane esitolo). Imbewu iyabulawa magciwane ngokugqoka isixazululo esimnyama se-potanganum permanganate imizuzu engama-20-30.
Ngokufanayo, ungacubungula i-sevka, kepha kaningi imane igcinwe emanzini ashisayo: ithululelwa ngamanzi ngokushisa kwe-65 mayelanaC bese kuyeka kupholile. Kumele ngithi, ngenkathi kungewona wonke amagciwane abhujiswa. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ikhambi le-sulfate yethusi (isipuni akuyona ibhakede lamanzi), lapho imbewu ihlanzwa khona imizuzu engama-8-10. Ngokwemvelo, ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa kumele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela futhi kulahlwe amakhophi alimele.
Inhlabathi engcolisiwe
Ama-ejenti we-causative kwezifo awagcini nje ngokutshala kuphela, kodwa futhi enhlabathini,-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala u-anyanisi, ezinsukwini eziyi-1-2, umbhede uvame ukungcoliswa ngokuwuchitha ngamanzi abilayo noma isixazululo esimbala se-potanganum permanganate.
Ngaphezu kokuba khona kwamagciwane we-pathogenic enhlabathini, i-acidity ephezulu kakhulu ingasiza ekuwohlokeni kwe-anyanisi, ngakho-ke, emhlabathini we-acidic kufanele angathathi hlangothi ngomlotha noma ngomshini ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukwephulwa kokujikeleza kwezithelo
Ukushintshana kwezitshalo kukhona, ikakhulukazi, ukuze izifo nezinambuzane zingaqongeleli engadini. I-anyanisi akufanele itshalwe endaweni eyodwa iminyaka eminingana. Kuhle ukuyitshala ngemuva kwamazambane, ukhukhamba noma uphizi. Awukwazi ukutshala u-anyanisi ngemuva kwezilimo ezihlobene, isibonelo, ugalikhi. Ikhefu kufanele libe yiminyaka engu-3-4.
Lapho uhlela kokwehla, kufanelekile ukubhekisisa izinkomba
I-nitrogen engaphezulu
I-anyanisi ikhula kahle kuphela enhlabathini evundile, evuthwe ngumbumba wezinto eziphilayo kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali. Ekuqaleni kokukhula, kudla i-nitrogen eningi, kepha senqubo yokuvuthwa, le nto ayifuneki. I-nitrogen ethe xaxa, ikakhulukazi ifomu le-nitrate, ibangela izitshalo ukubola. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele usebenzise umquba omusha noma obolile kabi u-anyanisi: kuphela i-humus noma umquba, ngaphandle kokweqile. Zine-nitrogen engaphansi kunasemgodini omusha, futhi idliwa u-anyanisi kancane kancane.
Izimbangela zokubola u-anyanisi ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa
Ngisho no-anyanisi abakhethwe kahle futhi bomile bangabola okuyingxenye ngesikhathi sesitoreji: akuwona wonke umonakalo ongabonakala, futhi kunezizathu eziningi zokubola.
Isikhathi sokubeka
Akuwona wonke ama-anyanisi ahlukahlukene okwazi ukugcina isikhathi eside. Njengomthetho, izinhlobo zesaladi, ikakhulukazi ezivuthiwe zokuqala, zigcinwa izinyanga ezingama-2-3 kuphela. U-anyanisi ophuzi ngokuvamile ugcinwa ungcono kunokumhlophe noma obomvu. Anyanisi akhule kusuka ku-sevka agcinwa kangcono kunalawo akhulelwe isizini eyodwa ukusuka ku-nigella. Ngakho-ke, ukubola i-anyanisi kungasolwa ngokumane nje kudlule isikhathi sempilo eshalofini evunyelwe.
Ividiyo: Izeluleko Zokuvuna u-anyanisi
Izimo zokugcina
Ama-anyanisi agcinwe kahle kumswakama ophezulu, kanye nasekamelweni elikhanyayo. Kulokhu, kuyaqhuma futhi kubune. Ngokushesha ama-rots no-anyanisi, aqandisiwe noma isikhathi esifushane. Kunezindlela ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele kwisitoreji sika-anyanisi: emazingeni okushisa asondele ku-0 mayelanaC, futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufudumele, cishe i-18 mayelanaC. Ukuswakama okungaphezulu kwama-80% akwamukeleki.
Mina ngokwami ngigcina u-anyanisi efulethini, ngaphansi kwetafula, emabhokisini amakhadibhodi. Uma ihlelwe ngokucophelela futhi yomiswa, cishe akukho doti.
Kubi uma eminye imifino igcinwa eduzane. Amazambane noma iklabishi zifaka isandla ekuwohlokeni kwe-anyanisi.
Ukulimala ngomshini
Ukuhlunga i-anyanisi ngaphambi kokuyigcina ukuze kugcinwe kufanele kube okuphelele: noma yimuphi umonakalo we-anyanisi ngesikhathi sokuvuna (ukusikeka, amakhethini, ukuwohloka kwentamo) kuzoholela ekubambeni ngokushesha. Umnsalo onjalo kufanele usebenzise kuqala. Isimboli somgodi sisebenzisa ifosholo noma i-pitchfork sigcinwa kangcono kunesandla esikhishwe emhlabathini. Amagqabi kufanele futhi agcinwe futhi aqotshwe kuphela uma u-anyanisi esewomile, amasonto amabili emva kokuvunwa.
Ukubola okumpunga kwentamo
Izifo eziningi ze-anyanisi zenzeka kuphela lapho zigcinwa. Imvamisa, ukubola kwentamo kwenzeka. Imvamisa vele ngenyanga yokuqala ama-gciwane avele, ngenxa yalokho, ekuqaleni, u-anyanisi ogciniwe kufanele ahlolwe kaningi. Ngalesi sifo, izikali zangaphandle endaweni yentamo ziyancipha, futhi inhlanganisela ebomvana enamabala amabala amnyama ngaphansi kwazo. Rot ngokushesha kwehla, ukumboza yonke isibani. I-ejenti yokubangela yalesi sifo isemigqonyeni yezitshalo noma enhlabathini, kufanele ibulawe amagciwane. Izinhlamvu ezigulayo zisuswa ngokuphuthumayo kwisitoreji.
Ukubola kwesibeleko akuvami ukuphatha ukuvela embhedeni, kepha uma kufakwe kwisitoreji kungabonakala enyangeni yokuqala
Phawula u-anyanisi
I-anyanisi mite ingesinye sezilokazane, umphumela lapho inqubo yokukhula anyanisi uvame ukungakabonakali. Lincane kakhulu, linamandla, lisebenza ngesimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile. Ingena kumabhulebhu iphansi, ibhoboze ngaphakathi. Ziyabola, zome ngaphandle. Umuthi ungaqedwa engadini ngama-acaricides kuphela, kepha inkinga ukuthi kunzima ukuqaphela. Uma kunokungabaza ngobumsulwa bembewu, iphathwa ngamalungiselelo wesibabule we-colloidal ngaphambi kokususwa.
I -ickick ibonakala kuphela ngokukhulisa, kepha ngokusabalalisa ngobuningi ingabonakala emnswaneni ngesimo samaphuzu amaningi akhanyayo
Isiqu sesode
Ama-Nematode ayizibungu ezincane ezimhlophe ezenzo zawo sezivele zibonakala engadini, kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi zivela kuphela lapho zigcinwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-anyanisi flakes i-moisten, ithambe futhi ibole. Inqubo iqala, iqala entanyeni: phela, ekuqaleni isiqu sesode sidla amaqabunga anyanisi. Ukucekela phansi ama-nematode kunzima kakhulu: inhlabathi iphindwe kabili ifakwe, bese igcinwa yodwa. Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokuvimbela zibalulekile: ukuzungeza kwesitshalo esifanele, ukuhlanza ngokuphelele emibhedeni, ukugqoka kwembewu.
Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukubola
Izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuvikela ukubola kwe-anyanisi zilandele izimbangela ezichaziwe zento. Ukuvimbela kungokulandelayo:
- ukuzungeza okulungile kwezitshalo;
- ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo ezinqanda izifo;
- ukulungiselela kwangaphambili kwezimbewu nezinhlamvu;
- ukuthambisa ngokulinganiselayo kanye nokudla okufanele;
- Ukulawula ukhula;
- ukuhlwanyela izaqathe eduze kwe-anyanisi.
Kubalulekile ukuvuna isivuno ngesikhathi futhi usule ngokuphelele u-anyanisi ngaphambi kokugcina. Izimo zokushisa kanye nomswakama kufanele zibhekwe ngokuqinile kwisitoreji, okungenani kanye ngenyanga ukuhlunga u-anyanisi (futhi ekuqaleni - kaningi kakhulu), senqaba izinhlobonhlobo ezisolisayo. Ama-bulbs anezintambo ezomile nezincane kuphela okufanele agcinwe, ngaphandle komonakalo omncane.
Ngemuva kokuvuna, yomisa u-anyanisi endaweni enomoya okungenani amaviki amabili.
Kuthiwani uma u-anyanisi eseseqalile ukubola?
Uma ukubola kwe-anyanisi sekubonakala kakade esivandeni, izitshalo ezibolekayo kufanele zimbiwe ngokushesha bese inhlabathi engaphansi kwawo kufanele iniselwe ngesisombululo esingu-1% se-sulfate yethusi. Kwezinye izimo, lapho ukubola kuncane, kusuka kuphela ebusweni, ingxenye ye-bulb isengasetshenziswa, kepha hhayi okusha.
Kungcono ukungayifaki engozini futhi uchithe izinhlamvu zokubola.
Ukususwa ngesikhathi kwama-bulting okubola kuzosiza ukonga isivuno esisele, kepha kubalulekile ukunquma imbangela yokubola futhi uthathe isenzo uma kungenzeka. Uma kuyisifo se-fungal, kungenzeka ukuthi umbhede welashwe ngengxube yeBordeaux (kuphela emva kwalapho ongeke ukwazi ukusebenzisa izimpaphe ukudla isikhathi eside). Uma imbangela yokubola yaba namaphutha kubuchwepheshe bezolimo, zama ukunciphisa inani lokuphuza noma ngokuvamile ukhulula umbhede wengadi. Uma izinambuzane - sebenzisa amakhambi esintu noma ama-insecticides.
Ividiyo: ungasebenza kanjani u-anyanisi engadini
I-anyanisi, ebolile ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa, isuswa ngokushesha kuyo futhi ilethwe no-anyanisi, kuya ngokuthi inqubo ihambile kangakanani. Uma ama-bulbs eluhlaza etholakala ngesikhathi se-bulkhead, kodwa ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokubola, kumele zomiswe futhi zigcinwe ngokwahlukana kusuka kumazinga wekhwalithi. Kungasikwa amahlamvu abolile ngokwengxenye, bese amanye asikwa bese omile noma aqandiswe.
Ukuzungeza u-anyanisi inqubo engajabulisi, kepha kungavinjelwa ngokubheka amasu ezolimo, futhi ngesikhathi sokugcina kukhethwe imigomo efanele. Kubalulekile ukunaka kakhulu umnsalo ongadini kanye nasendaweni yokugcina izinto.
