Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi ezinezimpawu zazo. Wabasaqalayo, kungcono ukukhulisa izinhlobo ezingabekezeleleki eziphendula ngobuhlungu emaphutheni inqubo yokulima. Amagilebhisi waseVictoria, noma ngabe ubuchwepheshe bezolimo abulandelwa, anika isivuno esihle, futhi nangendlela efanele yokutshala, angabonga ngamajikijolo asezingeni elihle.
Umlando wokukhula kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi zaseVictoria
Amagilebhisi aseVictoria akhiqizwa amashumi eminyaka edlule. Izinhlobonhlobo zitholwe abafuyi baseRussia ngenxa yokuwela lezi zinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezilandelayo: i-Vitis amurensis neVitis vinifera enezinhlobonhlobo ze-Gcina Gcina Vilar 12-304. IVictoria ehlukahlukene ingeyokuqala yezinhlobo zethebula. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi yiliphi leli gilebhisi, kufanele ucubungule kabanzi ngezimpawu zalo, ikakhulukazi zokutshala nokunakekela.
Incazelo yamagilebhisi ahlukahlukene uVictoria
Amagilebhisi aseVictoria ahlukaniswe umhlangano aba izinhlobo eziningana, ezingamalungu eqembu elilodwa:
- Pink Victoria. Izithelo zibonakaliswa ngombala onsomi-ophuzi nosayizi omkhulu. Amabhasi ahlukaniswa ngokuzala kwawo, abe nokuphakama okuphakathi. Isihlahla esisodwa siyakwazi ukuqoqa kuze kufike ku-60 kg wesilimo.
I-Pink Victoria inombala onsomi-onsomi kanye namajikijolo amakhulu
- I-White Victoria. Lokhu kuyizinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala. Amagilebhisi abonakala ngokumelana okuhle kwezifo ezinkulu. Izithelo zinombala ophuzi-oluhlaza ngombala nobukhulu obuphakathi. Isisindo samaqoqo cishe ngama-g g ayi-500. Isici esihlukanisayo samagilebhisi ukumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa (kufika ku-27˚˚).
I-White Victoria inombala ophuzi-oluhlaza, usayizi ophakathi futhi imelana nezifo ezinkulu
- I-Romanian Victoria. Naphezu kokuvuthwa kwayo kokuqala, i-Victoria yale nhlobonhlobo ivuthwa ngokungalingani. Ngenxa yalokho, amajikijolo, amhlophe, apinki futhi aphuzi angaba esiqeshini esisodwa. Ibhulashi lakhiwa likhulu impela, lifinyelela ku-1 kg. Ngenxa yokuqina kwezithelo komunye nomunye, ama-voids ayakheka ngaphakathi kwesixuku. Ukwenza izithelo kulezi zinhlobonhlobo kuvamile futhi kuningi.
Amajikijolo aseVietnam Romanian angaba mhlophe, apinki futhi aphuzi
Uma sibheka amagilebhisi waseVictoria ewonke, lolu hlobo oluhlukile aluzithobi ezimeni zezulu lesimo sokulima. Kungatshalwa ngisho naseSiberia noma indawo ephakathi nendawo. Izinhlobonhlobo zinokubukeka okukhangayo nokunambitheka okuvumelanayo. Ngokuvuthwa okuphelele kwesitshalo, amajikijolo athola umthunzi we-natimeg. I-peel inobunobungako obulinganiselayo, inyama inamajikijolo ngokulingana. Amagatsha esihlahleni somhlaba anamandla futhi aqine, okususa ukuqhekeka ngaphansi kwesisindo sesilimo.
Izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ezibhekwa cishe njalo zihlala ziphumelela ngempumelelo. Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kwenzeka ekuseni kakhulu futhi kungaba yizinsuku eziyi-115-120 kusukela esikhathini kuvulwe izinso. Ama-berry angaba mhlophe, apinki noma abe bomvu-bomvu. Ubukhulu bayo bungama-25 mm ubude nama-21 mm ububanzi. Isisindo esijwayelekile samajikijolo simalunga ne-5-6 g, futhi ukuma kusondelene nokwakhiwe ngamaqanda.
Ividiyo: Izici zomvini waseVictoria
Izici zezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zaseVictoria
IVictoria, ngaphandle kwehaba, iyinhlobonhlobo yamagilebhisi acocekile futhi akhangayo. Isihlahla sinikezwe nge-rhizome eyenziwe kahle, kepha inamasayizi aphakathi namazinga okukhula, i.e., amahlumela athuthuka kancane. Isivuno esijwayelekile esihlahleni ngasinye cishe singama-50 kg. Imicu yamaVictoria yobukhulu obuphakathi, amasilinda ekwakhekeni, abonakala njengabantu abaphansi bejikijolo. Isisindo se-shashi sifinyelela ku-500-700 g, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kube ngaphezulu.
Amaqoqo amakhulu angaqoqwa kusuka ezitshalweni athela izithelo isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Naphezu kokuvuthwa okufanayo kwamayunithi, akufanele uphuthume neqoqo lawo. Ukuhlala ibhulashi isikhathi eside esihlahleni kunomthelela ekutholeni ukunambitheka okungcono. Njengoba izimbali ze-Victoria ezahlukahlukene zingabesifazane, impova evela kwezinye izinhlobo ezinezimbali ezi-bisexual iyadingeka ekuvuneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobonhlobo zinomkhuba wethanga, okungukuthi, izithelo zingaba zincane ngosayizi.
Amagilebhisi aseVictoria ayakwazi ukukhiqiza izilimo eziningi kulezo zitshalo athela izithelo isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka
Izici zokutshala nokukhula kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi zaseVictoria
Isilimo esizayo sihambisana nekhwalithi yokutshala. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ukukhethwa kwezithombo kufanele kunakwe kakhulu.
Ungayikhetha kanjani isithombo
Isithombo esisezingeni elifanele kufanele sibe nombala onsundu, sibe malunga nama-20 cm ubude. Ngaphansi kwamagxolo kufanele kube nezinkuni ezintsha neziluhlaza, okulula ukuzibona ngokuqinisa isikhumba sesibambo ngezipikili. Kufanele futhi unake ezimpandeni: akumele kube nokukhula nobukhulu kuzo. Uhlelo lwezimpande oluthuthukisiwe luzosiza ekusindeni okungcono kwesitshalo endaweni entsha. Isimo sezimpande silula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukucindezela ingxenye yenqubo yezimpande nama secateurs. Uma ukusikwa kumhlophe futhi kunomswakama, khona-ke isithombo sinesistimu enhle yezimpande. Uma izimpande zinesakhiwo esimnyama noma onsundu, khona-ke izinto zokutshala zithathwa njengezingafanele ukutshala. Kungakuhle futhi ukuthi uhlole izinso esiphathweni: lapho ucindezela amehlo, akufanele ziwe noma zihlukane.
Isithombo segilebhisi esisezingeni elifanele kufanele sibe nohlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle, oluzoba nomthelela ekusindisweni okuhle nasekwenzeni isitshalo
Isikhathi sokutshala amagilebhisi
Amagilebhisi waseVictoria, njenganoma yisiphi esinye isivuno sensimu, angatshalwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Kodwa-ke, abanye abalimi bewayini banombono wokuthi ukutshala ekwindla kungcono kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi senqubo yentwasahlobo, ezinye izithombo ziba nezimpande ezimbi bese zingena izithelo kakhulu kamuva. Ngokutshala kwekwindla, ukuphela kuka-Okthoba kubhekwa njengesikhathi esihle kunazo zonke.
Ukutshala Amagilebhisi waseVictoria
Njengoba iVictoria ingeyizitshalo ezithanda ukushisa, ngoba ukutshala lezi zinhlobonhlobo kungcono ukhethe izindawo ezivikelekile kokubhaliwe, ngokukhanya okuhle nenhlabathi evundile. Isihlalo silungiswa izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala okusolakala kokuhlwanyelwa, futhi mhlawumbe ngenyanga. Kwembiwa umgodi ngaphansi kwesitshalo okunobukhulu obulandelayo: 0.8 m ububanzi kanye no-1 m ukujula. Amatshe angaphezulu kwamatshe achotshoziwe anobukhulu obungama-5 cm abekwa phansi emgodini, kuthi emva kwalokho kuthululelwe inhlabathi evundile engu-10 cm. Kuthululelwa amabhakede ama-humus amabili ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi bese kuthiwa ungqimba oluvundile. IHumus ngumquba obolile, okungukuthi, ulele iminyaka eminingana obala. Inhlabathi engadini ingasetshenziswa njengomhlabathi ovundile. Ngemuva kokugcwalisa umgodi ngezakhi, zonke izingqimba zihlanganiswa.
Njengoba sebambe umgodi ngaphansi kwesiphuzo, besigcwalisa bese bexuba zonke izakhi, batshala isitshalo
Lapho isiza sokufika sesilungisiwe, bhala umgodi ngokusho kohlelo lwempande yesithombo bese wehlisa into yokutshala ungene kuyo, uyigcwalise ngenhlabathi bese uyinyathela kancane. Isithombo sijule size sifinyelele entanjeni yezimpande. Njengoba amagilebhisi asakazeka ngokusika, isitshalo asinayo intambo yezimpande. Ngakho-ke, kukholelwa ukuthi ngesimo sendawo ikhona ngaphezu kwezimpande. Ngemuva kokutshala, isithombo siniselwa ngamanzi ngamabhakede angama-2-3. Ukuze ungafaki emthambekeni wesitshalo, ungambeka isikhonkwane sokhuni, uboshelwe kuso isithombo. Ekupheleni komsebenzi, inhlabathi ifakwe umhluzi, ngokwesibonelo, ngotshani noma ngotshani, ozohlinzeka umoya-mpilo ongcono ezimpandeni zesitshalo. Ibanga phakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe ngu-1.5-3 m.
Njengoba amagilebhisi anjalo engenantambo yezimpande, kukholelwa ukuthi ngokwesimo atholakala ngaphezu kwezimpande
Ukunakekelwa kwamagilebhisi eVictoria
Ukunakekela amagilebhisi eVictoria ngemuva kokutshala kubandakanya ukwenza izinqubo ezinjengokulima, ukuthambisa, ukugawula, ukugqoka phezulu. Ukubhekelwa ikakhulukazi kufanele kukhokhwe ukunakekela eminyakeni yokuqala engama-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala, ngoba isiko lisaqala ukwakhiwa ngalesi sikhathi. Ukuvulwa kwenhlabathi njalo nokususwa kokhula eduze kwesihlahla ngeke kunikeze "ukuphefumula" okungcono kuphela, kepha futhi nokugeleza kwezakhi ezengeziwe ezimpandeni.
Amagilebhisi athanda inhlabathi enomswakama, ngakho-ke akufanele ukhohlwe ngokuchelela, kepha ukubeka amanzi akufanele futhi kuvunyelwe. Kunconywa ukuhlanganisa ukuchelela kanye nomanyolo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kunomthelela ekukhuleni okuhle kwesitshalo futhi kwenyusa isivuno esizayo. Ama-Nutrients afakiwe ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala kwenziwa entwasahlobo lapho kubeka izinga lokushisa cishe ngo-16 ° C. Njengomanyolo, ungasebenzisa i-superphosphate (20 g), usawoti we-potassium (5 g) ne-ammonium nitrate (10 g), efakwe ebhakedeni lamanzi futhi iniselwa ngaphansi kwezimpande ngesilinganiso samalitha ayi-10 esihlahleni ngasinye.
- Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu kwenziwa nge-potassium ne-phosphorus ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 2 ngesikhathi kusungulwa i-ovary. Ibhakede lamanzi lisebenzisa cishe i-30 g yengxube.
- Lapho amajikijolo avuthwa ngentshiseko, kunezelwa izakhamzimba eziqukethe i-potassium sulfate (25 g) ne-superphosphate (50 g), ezibuye zichithwe ebhakedeni lamanzi. Isixazululo Ready sithambisa isitshalo ngaphansi kwempande.
Ividiyo: ukufaka umanyolo amagilebhisi ngomanyolo we-organic
Inqubo ebalulekile ibuye ithenwe, eyenziwa njalo ngokuwa, isuse konke okungadingekile okukhule ngesikhathi sehlobo. Ukwakhiwa kwemivini kuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesihlahla, kunomthelela ekuvuthweni kwesitshalo ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yenza ukufakwa kwamagatsha. Le nqubo iyadingeka ukuvikela ukwephulwa kwamagatsha ngaphansi kwesisindo samaqhubu, okuya kuba nzima lapho evuthwa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amagilebhisi eVictoria angokunye okutholwa yiqhwa, kusanconywa ukuwafaka ebusika. Njengezinto zokwakha, ungasebenzisa indwangu, amagatsha ama-spruce noma umhlabathi owomile nje.
Izici Zokulima I-Victoria
Amagilebhisi aseVictoria ayizinhlobonhlobo ezisheshayo. Ngokweqiniso iminyaka engama-2-3 ngemuva kokutshala, ungathola isivuno sokuqala. Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobonhlobo zinikezwe ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka amajikijolo, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kahle. Lapho isivuno siqala ukuvuthwa, esivame ukwenzeka ngo-Agasti, ukunisela okwenziwe ngenkani kuyekwa ngokuphelele, kodwa kuphela uma lina ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma isimo sezulu sesomile, ukuthambisa okusesilinganisweni kusazodingeka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngemuva kwezulu kuzoba nokugxuma okubukhali kokuswakama enhlabathini, okuzoholela ekuqhekekeni kwesikhumba kumajikijolo. Uma ihlobo belina, kunconywa ukufaka i-canopy ngaphezulu kwesivini. Ngakho-ke, kuzokwazi ukulawula umswakama womhlabathi.
Amagilebhisi athanda inhlabathi enomswakama, kepha umswakama omningi kakhulu kufanele uvikeleke
Ngaphezu kokugqoka okuyinhloko okuye kwethulwa ngesikhathi sokukhula, uVictoria angafakwa umanyolo ngama-micelement ngendlela efakwe ekhasini, isb. Ngendlela eyisisekelo, ngokwesibonelo, neReacom. Lokhu kwandisa ukumelana kwesitshalo kwezifo, kuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwezithelo. Umanyolo we-Chelated uyindlela yokugaya edlula yonke esetshenziswa kakhulu ekudleni okungenamsoco. Ukuthola isixha esihle futhi esigcwele ngomzimba, abahlwayi beviniga abanolwazi baphendukela kule ndlela: ngebhulashi lokupenda, "bakhipha" isixuku ekuqaleni kokukhula kwamajikijolo. Le nqubo ikuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe u-underdeveloped, kanye nama-ovari angenamandla futhi alimele. Ekuqaleni, isixha esinqunyiwe asibukeki sikhanga kakhulu, kepha njengoba izithelo zikhula, zithola ukubukeka okuhle.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zaseVictoria zithambekele ekuwohlokeni nasekulimaleni kweziqubu zemithi. Lokhu kuphakamisa isidingo sokususa amabhulashi aphansi, ngoba ngeke usithole isivuno kubo, kodwa faka isandla kuphela ekwakhiweni kwezifo futhi udale isihenqo sezinambuzane. Ukuvikela i-shrub kusuka kuma-wasps, kunconywa ukutshala amakhambi wezipayisi eduze, ukumboza iziqu ngesikhwama se-gauze noma se-mesh. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, udinga ukuhlola amaqoqo bese ususa lezo ezinezithelo eziqhekekile.
Ukuvikela amagilebhisi kuma-wasps futhi izinyoni zisebenzisa i-mesh ekhethekile ngendlela yezikhwama
Isifo SikaVictoria
Uma ucubungula izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zaseVictoria, kufanelekile ukusho izifo lapho lesi sitshalo singavulwa khona, kanye nezindlela zokuthibela. Ezinye zezifo ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- I-Powdery Mildew Kubonakala ngesimo samachashazi amnyama kumaqabunga namabala amahlumela.
- Ukubola okumpunga. Amajikijolo aba imibimbi, kuvela inhlanganisela emhlophe. Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, isiko lifafazwa ngesisombululo esisekelwa iodine.
- Ukubola okumhlophe. Isifo fungal esenzeka ngenxa yokuvezwa ukukhanya kwelanga noma isichotho. Ibonakala ngendlela yokubumba okumhlophe kumahlamvu kanye namajikijolo.
- I-Chlorosis Ukuvela kwalesi sifo kukhonjiswa ngamaqabunga aphaphathekile, athola umbala obuthuntu ophuzi. Le nkinga yokwephulwa kwenqubo ye-photosynthesis. Ukwelashwa, izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-iron ziyasetshenziswa.
- Ibala elimnyama. Amaqabunga ayakhula, kumachashaza amnyama. Izithelo ziba mnyama futhi, ukunambitheka kuya kuba mbala. Ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukususa izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo.
Enye yezifo uVictoria angathinteka kuzo yiqabunga chlorosis.
Ukuvimbela ukuqala nokuthuthuka kwezifo, amagilebhisi waseVictoria ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa anconywa ukuthi acutshungulwe ngamalungiselelo akhethekile. Lokhu kufaka i-iron sulfate, i-Bordeaux fluid, i-Ridomil (ukuthintana kanye ne-systemic fungicide), i-Tsineb (inesistimu nomthelela wokuxhumana kuma-pathogens). Ukwelashwa nge-fungicides ehlelekile kwenziwa entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa, ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamajikijolo nasekwindla ngemuva kokuvunwa. Ama-fungicides okuxhumana asetshenziselwa imvula ende, kanye nangemva kwenkungu enkulu nemvula, okungukuthi, kumswakama omkhulu.
Ukubuyekezwa Kwabalimi
Lonyaka, phakathi kwezilonda ezinemvula, uVictoria ungenza ngijabule. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuhlukahluka kunezinzuzo ezinhle: ukumelana nesithwathwa okuphezulu nokumelana nezifo. Kepha iminyovu, inkinga ixazululwa - izikhwama zamaqoqo sekuyisikhathi eside zilindile emaphikweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize kunezimvula, isihlahla sikhombisile ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nokuvota okuhle, ngaphandle kwamakhasi.
UNadezhda Nikolaevna//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=56
Ngisuse uVictoria cishe eminyakeni emi-4 eyedlule: obuthaka kunabo bonke ebenginabo; amaqoqo amancane; ubuningi bezingane zokutholwa ezilwela ukubopha amaqoqo ama-2-3; isikhumba esincane, esihlukumezeke kalula, yingakho siyintandokazi yama-wasps nezinye izinambuzane nezinyoni. Ngaphezu kokunambitheka okuhle nokumelana nesithwathwa esiphezulu, eVictoria azange zithole ezinye izinzuzo. Luyifomu eliphansi kakhulu lobuchwepheshe obuphansi kakhulu; abantu abalithengi ikakhulukazi emakethe. Futhi isikhathi sokuvuthwa asisemncane kangako.
UVladimir Karkoshkin//lozavrn.ru/index.php/topic,39.0.html?PHPSESSID=jlajf8qhf0p1j4d635jhklr585
Ngiyayithanda iVictoria, ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo ane-natimeg, ukuvuthwa - maphakathi no-Agasti, amahlumela akunjalo ... kepha kuvamile, ngizozama ukucindezela ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kodwa nokho, kwesinye isikhathi amajikijolo aqhekekile. Zonke izinkinga ziyanyamalala, njengoba ngiphatha uMikosan.
Parkhomenko Elena//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=70&t=291
Ngaphandle kokushiyeka okukhona, amagilebhisi aseVictoria ayizinhlobonhlobo zetafula athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaqalayo nabatshali abanolwazi. Ukuze ungayilahli le nhlobonhlobo, kufanele usebenzise izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuvikela nokunakekela isitshalo. Ukuphazamiseka okuyinhloko kuhlotshaniswa nesidingo sokutshala i-pollinator.
